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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CHAPTER 1 AUGUST 30, 2016
SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY IS A GENERAL STYLE OF INVESTIGATION AND APPLIES ACROSS ALL BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
YOUR TEXTBOOK
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FIVE GENERAL STEPS
1. OBSERVATIONS & ASKING QUESTIONS
2. HYPOTHESIS — PROPOSED EXPLANATION
3. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
4. COLLECT DATA
5. CONCLUSION
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
OBSERVATIONS / ASK ?S
▸ Observations
▸ Based on the five senses
▸ Ask questions
▸ Why?
▸ How?
▸ When?
▸ Who?
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
HYPOTHESIS
▸ Scientific explanation for a set of observations
▸ Must be able to be tested AND
▸ Supported
▸ Rejected
▸ NOT an educated guess!
▸ Should be written in the form of “If…then…because…”
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
▸ Must keep track of variables
▸ ONLY ONE VARIABLE IS CHANGED
▸ Independent variable: deliberately changed by the scientist
▸ Dependent variable: observed and changes in response to the independent variable
▸ Controlled variables: all other factors that must stay the SAME!
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT CONT’D
▸ Control Group
▸ Exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable
▸ What we compare the experimental group
▸ Left alone or “natural”
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
COLLECT DATA
▸ Detailed records of experimental observations = DATA
▸ Qualitative — descriptive
▸ Quantitative — uses numbers
▸ Tools
▸ Low tech vs high tech
▸ Important to choose the right tools
▸ Error
▸ Sample size should be randomized and large to reduce error
▸ Often put in tables and graphs
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONCLUSION
▸ Four parts to the conclusion
▸ Analyze data
▸ Is the hypothesis right or wrong? If wrong, revise!
▸ Any errors and how they effected the results
▸ New questions?
1. OBSERVATIONS & ASKING QUESTIONS
2. HYPOTHESIS — PROPOSED EXPLANATION
3. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
4. COLLECT DATA
5. CONCLUSION
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE STATEMENT THE WORM IS 2CM LONG IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN…
Practice Quiz Question
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
TO BE USEFUL IN SCIENCE, A HYPOTHESIS MUST BE…
Practice Quiz Question
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
DURING A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT, A SCIENTIST ISOLATES AND TESTS A…
Practice Quiz Question
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE VARIABLE THE SCIENTIST CHANGES IS KNOWN AS THE…
Practice Quiz Question
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD