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The The Renaissance Renaissance
and and ReformationReformationChapter 17
What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance?
• Renaissance = Rebirth
• 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning
• Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied
• Renaissance = Rebirth
• 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning
• Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied
Why Italy?Why Italy?• Center of the Roman Empire• Wealthy cities in the 1300s, they could
afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects• Italy was divided into independently run city-
states which competed with each other• This competition brought out the
Renaissance
• Center of the Roman Empire• Wealthy cities in the 1300s, they could
afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects• Italy was divided into independently run city-
states which competed with each other• This competition brought out the
Renaissance
Renaissance ItalyRenaissance Italy
What were the Famous City-States of Italy?
What were the Famous City-States of Italy?• Florence- most famous, produced
many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest.
• Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads.
• Genoa• Milan• Rome
• Florence- most famous, produced many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest.
• Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads.
• Genoa• Milan• Rome
The Rise of Italian City-States
The Rise of Italian City-States
• No ruler could unite Italy• City-states fought many wars over territory• They became wealthy through trade because of
Italy’s location• Were linked to the “east” during the middle ages
(Marco Polo), gained many new items• Each was ruled by one powerful man• Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should
maintain power – The Prince 1513
• No ruler could unite Italy• City-states fought many wars over territory• They became wealthy through trade because of
Italy’s location• Were linked to the “east” during the middle ages
(Marco Polo), gained many new items• Each was ruled by one powerful man• Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should
maintain power – The Prince 1513
Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to
maintain power “It is better to be feared than
loved”
Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to
maintain power “It is better to be feared than
loved”
New Ideas & New Ideas & ArtArt
Section 2
Renaissance Humanism
Renaissance Humanism• Humanism – way of understanding the world
that believed that the individual and human society were important
• Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers• Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine
Comedy”• Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales”• Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing
press
• Humanism – way of understanding the world that believed that the individual and human society were important
• Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers• Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine
Comedy”• Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales”• Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing
press
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Raphael Sanzio
-Scientist & Artist
-Dissected corpses
-Famous notebooks
-The Last Supper
-Mona Lisa
-Painted, sculpted and designed buildings
-Sistine Chapel ceiling
-The David
-Moses
-Painter
-Frescoes
-The School of Athens
Renaissance Men
Da VinciDa Vinci
The Last Supper
MichelangeloMichelangelo
RaphaelRaphael
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
• Renaissance spreads north to England• Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical
plays• Introduced over 1,000 words to the English
language• Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s
Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!
• Renaissance spreads north to England• Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical
plays• Introduced over 1,000 words to the English
language• Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s
Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!
Read “A Midsummer’s Night Dream” On pages 627-632 and answer questions 1-5 on page 632. Questions will be Collected.
The The Reformation Reformation
BeginsBeginsSection 3
Calls for Church ReformCalls for Church Reform
• Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church
• Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly
• Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin
• Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church
• Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly
• Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin
Martin LutherMartin Luther• 1517 – challenged the Catholic
Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest)
• Believed that only faith = salvation• Ninety Five Theses – arguments
against indulgences (Wittenberg)• Excommunicated by Pope• Created his own denomination
(branch)
• 1517 – challenged the Catholic Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest)
• Believed that only faith = salvation• Ninety Five Theses – arguments
against indulgences (Wittenberg)• Excommunicated by Pope• Created his own denomination
(branch)
Lutheranism Lutheranism
1. Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation
2. The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests.
3. Church is all believers, not just the clergy
1. Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation
2. The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests.
3. Church is all believers, not just the clergy
John CalvinJohn Calvin
• Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas
• God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination
• To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard
• Kings couldn’t run the church
• Became the Puritans
• Believed in theocracy-church led government
• Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas
• God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination
• To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard
• Kings couldn’t run the church
• Became the Puritans
• Believed in theocracy-church led government
Catholics & Catholics & ProtestantsProtestants
Section 4
Counter ReformationCounter Reformation• 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to
defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation
• Bloody wars were fought until 1648• Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to
fix the Catholic Church• Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to
spread Catholicism • Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert
• 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation
• Bloody wars were fought until 1648• Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to
fix the Catholic Church• Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to
spread Catholicism • Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert
Pope Paul III
More Counter ReformationMore Counter Reformation• The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the
Reformation – Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South
of Europe
• The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy
– Executed 2,000 Spaniards
• King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship
• The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the Reformation
– Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South of Europe
• The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy
– Executed 2,000 Spaniards
• King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship
FranceFrance
Inquisition
Henry IVOf Spain
Henry VIII King of England
Henry VIII King of England
• Ruled 1509 – 1547
• 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son
• Pope refused his request for annulment, makes like the marriage never happened
• 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope
• The Anglican Church
• Ruled 1509 – 1547
• 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son
• Pope refused his request for annulment, makes like the marriage never happened
• 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope
• The Anglican Church
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
Back and Forth in EnglandBack and Forth in England
• Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism
• Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, “Bloody Mary”
• After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth
• Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader
• Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism
• Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, “Bloody Mary”
• After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth
• Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader
Bloody Mary
Elizabeth I
ENDEND