THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Major Issues & Reforms

RACE (B & W)

Why Reform?

• Racism

• Great Migration

Major Players

• Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B Dubois

Solutions

• Atlanta Compromise (self-help)

• Niagara Movement (assertion) & NAACP

Largely ignored

by Progressive

Presidents!

WOMEN

Why Reform?

• Voting Rights (suffrage)

Major Players

• 1st: Anthony & Stanton

• 2nd: Paul, Stone, Catt

Solutions

• 19th

amendment

POLITICS

Why Reform?

• Trusts/monopolies

• Political machines

• State reforms

Major Players

• Ida Tarbell

• Lincoln Steffens

• Robert La Follette

Solutions

• Standard Oil

• “The Shame of the Cities”

• 17th Am. (direct election of senators)

LABOR

Why Reform?

• Child Labor

• Labor unrest/socialism

• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Major Players

• Taft

• Eugene Debs

Solutions

• Children’s Bureau

• Socialism rejected (too radical)

• Fire escapes/safety

DISPARITY OF WEALTH

Why Reform?

• Urban poor/immigrants

• Tenement Living

• Health concerns

Major Players

• Jacob Riis

• Upton Sinclair

Solutions

• 16th am. (income tax)

• AMA

• Pure Food & Drug Act

IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION

Why Reform?

• Nativism

• Eugenics

• Social Gospel

Major Players

• Jane Addams

Solutions

• Hull House

• Settlement houses

ALCOHOL USE

Why Reform?

• Alcoholism

Major Players

• WCTU/Anti-Saloon Leagues

• Frances Willard

• Carrie Nation

Solutions

• 18th

amendment (prohibition)

MUCK

What does it mean?

THE MUCKRAKERS

❖Journalists who “raked up” the “muck”

❖Exposed corruption/greed/poverty/racism, etc.

❖The new yellow journalism Sensationalized problems

Sense of moral outrage (social gospel)

The term “muck-rake” was 1st used by

Teddy Roosevelt in reference to

William Randolph Hearst. Roosevelt

approved of some degree of

“muckraking” but was suspicious of

people like Upton Sinclair, whom he

suspected to be a socialist.

PROGRESSIVE ERA RESUME

• Standard Oil TrustIda Tarbell:

• political machinesLincoln Steffens:

• photos--How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis:

• suffragePaul, Anthony, Stanton, Stone, Catt:

• government reform (Wis.)Robert La Follette:

• capitalism & co-founder of NAACPCharles Edward Russell:

• socialism John Spargo & Eugene Debs:

• The Jungle**Upton Sinclair:

• Hull House**Jane Addams:

• Atlanta Compromise**Booker T. Washington:

• NAACP **W.E.B. DuBois: