Post on 09-Jan-2016
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The Principles of Modernisation and Development Studies
(History and Contemporary Aspects)
Lecture Course
by Victor Krasilshchikov, Dr. of Sc., Prof.
Office hours:E-mail:
victor.krassilchtchikov@univie.ac.at
victor_ias2004@yahoo.co.in
Lectures 1-2.
• Modernisations in Human History. The
Historical Echelons of Modernisation and
the Capitalist Development
What is modernisation?
• “…modernization is like the elephant, difficult to define but easy to recognize when one sees the beast.”
• (Goh Keng Swee. The Economics of Modernization. Singapore: Federal Publications, 1995 (1-st. ed. – 1972), p. 1).
Great formations of society
• - Primary
• - Secondary (economic formation of society)
• - Tertiary (post-economic formation)
• - Based upon gathering and hunting
• - Based upon labour
• - Based upon intellectual, creative activity
Gap between East and West
Population, mln. people, 1500 - 2001
0,00
1000,00
2000,00
3000,00
4000,00
5000,00
6000,00
7000,00
1500 1700 1820 1913 1950 2001
Western Europe China India World
Gap between East and West
GDP per capita, US$ 1990, 1500 - 1820 - 1913
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Western Europe China India World (average)
Western Europe 771 1204 3458
China 600 600 552
India 550 533 673
World (average) 566 667 1525
1 2 3
Gap between East and West
GDP per capita, US$ of 1990, 1913 - 1950- 2001
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Western Europe China India World (average)
Western Europe 3458 4579 19256
China 552 439 3583
India 673 619 1957
World (average) 1525 2111 6049
1 2 3
Routes to/through Modernity(according to Göran Therborn)
• - “The West European route”• - Transcontinental migration and
genocide of the local population (both Americas, Australia, New Zealand)
• - Influence of the West on non-western societies through demonstration effect
• - Through colonisation
Jean-Antoine de Condorcet• «La marche de ces peuples
(les peuples de l’Asie et de l’Afrique – V.K.) serait plus prompte et plus sûre que la notre, parce qu’ils recevraient de nous ce que nous avons été obligés de découvrir, et que, pour connaître ces vérités simples, ces méthodes certaines auxquelles nous ne sommes parvenues qu’après de longues erreurs, il leur suffirait d’en avoir pu saisir les développements et les preuves dans nos discours et dans nos livres.»
• The march of these peoples (peoples of Asia and Africa – V.K.) would be prompter and surer than ours because they would receive from us what we were obliged to discover and what, for knowing simple truths, we had to conceive by methods of errors and probes. They could learn all that from our discourse and our books.
Resistance to Modernisation (Rudyard
Kipling. “The White Man’s Burden”)
• Take up the White Man’s burden –
• The savage wars of peace– • Fill full the mouth of
Famine• And bid the sickness
cease;• And when your goal is
nearest• The end for others sought,• Watch Sloth and heathen
Folly• Bring all hope to nought.
• Take up the White Man’s burden –
• No tawdry rule of kings,• But toil of serf and
sweeper – • The tale of common
things.• The ports ye shall not
enter,• The roads ye shall not
tread, Go make them with your living,
• And mark them with your dead.
The social-technological types (stages) of modernisation
• - pre-industrial (XV c. – the 1770-80s)
• - early-industrial (1770s-80s – 1900s)
• - late-industrial (1913 – 1973)
• - post-industrial (the end of the 1960s and onwards)
Stages of modernisation and big cyclesTypes of modernisation
Big cycles and their phases
Dominating industries
Early-industrial
1 – A: 1780s – 1814 – B: 1815-1847
Light industry, consumer goods
2 – A: 1848 – 1872 – B: 1873 – 1895
Heavy industry, coal, steel, machinery building
3 – A: 1896 – 1919 Electro-technique, an emergence of conveyor
Late-industrial
3 – B: 1920 – 1945 The rise of automotive and aircraft industry, petroleum
4 – A: 1945 – 1968 (or 1973) – B: 1969 (or 1974) – 1991 (or 1995)
Production of durable, technically complicate goods for mass consumption, the first steps of computing technique, informatics
Post-industrial
5 – A: 1976 (?) – ? – B: ???
Informatics, communications, the boom of life sciences
6 – A: 2012 (2015) – ?
Life sciences, biotechnologies, medicine