THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA

CHAPTER 2(1500-1733)

Complex?American Themes

Passion for freedomPursuit of EducationFaith in popular governmentAccepting of new ideas We are the “City on the Hill”

Day 1, Ice Breaker!!

Who is LTC Kincaid?Who are you?

Where are you from?What do you like about history and

Government?What are your hobbies?What is your favorite movie?What was the last book you read (not

assigned)?Name a national issue that is, or will be,

important to you

What are your responsibilities? Syllabus Goals Format

Notes

RulesEthics

Homework Grades Notebooks Help Bathroom Questions??

Dawning of 17th Century

Columbian Exchange

Mercantilism Limit Imports/Enhance Exports Gold and other precious metals determine wealth of a nation

Peruvian and Mexican silver Religion

Catholicism Protestantism

Far Distant Colonies Spanish (Santa Fe) in 1610 (soldiers) French (Quebec) in 1608 (priests and trading posts) English (Jamestown) in 1607 (families)

England’s Imperial Stirrings

Economic recession and depression hits England1550s (farmers and

sheepherders)

Puritanism taking hold “Surplus” population

through the 1600s

Page 25

England’s Imperial Stirrings

Spain “on a roll” after 1492 for nearly 70 yearsAdvantage over

PortugalEngland

Internal domestic English Protestant

Reformation period by King Henry VIII in 1530s

Elizabeth Energizes England

Elizabeth consolidates Protestantism and crushes Catholics

English buccaneers Raid Spanish treasure

ships Twin goals (promote)

Protestantism Seizing Spanish gold

and other treasures

Sir Francis Drake

Page 26

England’s Imperial Stirrings Rise of Protestant Queen

Elizabeth IVirgin QueenEconomic, Political and

Military struggle with Spain to compete for New World order and opportunitiesSir Humphrey GilbertNewfoundland

King Philip II (Spain) Sir Walter Raleigh

Wit, good looks and courtly manners

Royal Charter (contract)Roanoke (1585)

Elizabeth Energizes England

War with Spain 1588 Spanish flotilla, 130

strong, into the English ChannelLarge versus small

shipsTacticsWeather

End of the Spanish imperial dreams

England rules the seas

p27

England on the Eve of Empire

Expanding populationFlowering of English

national spirit Golden Age of LiteratureWilliam Shakespeare

Treaty (1604) with SpainEngland launches into

colonization of the New World

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling

“Rights of Englishmen” Festered resentment of the

mother country and the Catholic King

King James I Raleigh sells vested

interests in North America charter

Virginia Company of London Joint-Stock company (1606)

Chesapeake Bay Jamestown (1607) James River

p28

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling

JamestownChristopher Newport108 settlers

40 perish in first winter

Ships (hurricane) shipwrecked in Bermuda

John Smith“He who shall not

work shall not eat.”Captured (December

1607)

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling

Pocahontas Chief Powhatan Opanchancanough

Under-chief Chief of the

Pamunkies Uncle of Pocahontas

John Smith nearly killed Returned to England

(1609) Settlers decide to

return themselves James River going

home in 1610

Cultural Class in the Chesapeake

Lord De La WarrMet settlers Irish tacticsAggressive

campaign against the Indians

By 1625; only 1,200 of 8,000 settlers survive

"Arrival of Lord del la Warr"

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake

Powhatan’s ConfederacyAsserted

supremacyLord De La Warr

Employed the “Irish tactics”

Raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions and torched cornfields”

First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)Ended with

marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas

First interracial union in Virginia

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake

Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1644Death of

Pocahontas in 1617Gravesend, England

OpenchancanoughTreaty (1646)Native-Americans

10% (2,000 Indians) left in Virginia by 1669

Powhatan’s calamitous misfortune Victim of the

three Ds:1. Disease2. Disorganization3. disposability

The Indians’ New World

Demise of the Indian in Virginia and surrounding areaThree DsForced migrationTrade transformationExpanding Atlantic

economy Inferior resentment

by English

Virginia: Child of Tobacco

John Rolfe“father of the

tobacco industry”“bewitching weed”“King Nicotine”Promoted the

broad-acred plantation system Demand for laborSlave labor

Virginia: Child of Tobacco

Slaves to Virginia 1619 Jamestown By 1650, three-hundred

slaves (14% of the population)

King James I Hostile toward Virginia Desired tobacco, but

distrusted the House of Burgesses

First legislative body in North America

“seminary of sedition”

Revoked Charter making it a royal colony directly under his control

Maryland: Catholic Haven

Maryland was formed in 1634 by Lord Baltimore.

Maryland was made for a refuge for the Catholics to escape the wrath of the Protestant English government.

The Act of Toleration, which was passed in 1649 by the local representative group in Maryland, granted toleration to all Christians.

p33

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America

By the mid-17th Century, England had secured its claim to several West Indian Islands. 

Sugar was, by far, the major crop on the Indian Islands.

To support the massive sugar crops, millions of African slaves were imported.  By 1700, the number of black slaves to white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly 4 to 1. .

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America

SugarWhereas, tobacco

was considered a “poor man’s” crop; sugar a “rich man’s” crop

Captial-intensive businessCropsMillRefining of the

SugarLabor intensive

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America

Sugar cane plantations in West IndiesWithin 50 years

250,000 slavesFour-to-one

dominanceNotorious

“Barbados slave code of 1661”Denied basic human

rights to Africans

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America

English farmers in West Indies “squeezed out” by sugar ownersSmall group of

barons from Barbados arrived in Carolina in 1670Slaves and Slave

codes (1696)Encomienda

system

Colonizing the Carolinas

1640s England, King Charles I Dismissed ParliamentOliver Cromwell rebellion

English Civil warPuritans11 years

King Charles II restored throne in 1660

p36

13 Original Colonies (page 37)

The Thirteen Original Colonies 

NameFounded By Year

Virginia London Co. 1607

New Hampshire John Mason and Others 1623

Massachusetts PlymouthMaine

PuritansSeparatistsF. Gorges

162816201623

Maryland Lord Baltimore 1634

ConnecticutNew Haven

Mass. EmigrantsMass. Emigrants

16351638

Rhode Island R. Williams 1636

Delaware Swedes 1638

N. Carolina Virginians 1653

New York Dutch Dutch of York

16131664

New Jersey Berkeley and Carteret 1664

Carolina Eight Nobles 1670

Pennsylvania William Penn 1681

Georgia Oglethorpe and others 1733

The Emergence of North Carolina

Poorer tobacco planters to North Carolina Haven for pirates Cape Hatteras

“graveyard of the Atlantic”

Developed a strong spirit of resistance to authority

Separated in 1712 from South Carolina

The Emergence of North Carolina

Spanish Florida using tribes to harass southern colonies

North Carolinas defeated the Tuscarora Indians 6th tribe of the

Iroquois Confederation

South Carolinas defeated the Yamasee Indians

The Emergence of North Carolina

By 1720Hills and valleys of

the Appalachian MountainsCherokeesCreeks Iroquois

The Iroquois

Mohawk Valley (NY) Iroquois Confederacy

Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas

Deganawidah and Hiawatha

Algonkin (Algonquin)

The Iroquois

LonghouseMaternal

Government and constitution

Mohawks“keepers of the

Eastern Fire”Middlemen to the

European traders

Seneca“Keepers of the

Western Fire”Fur trading

EnemiesHuronsEriesPetuns

Late-Coming of Georgia

English crown intended Georgia to be a buffer zone against Spanish Florida

Named in honor of King George II of England James Oglethorpe Savannah Charleston German Lutherans Scots Highlanders No Catholics

The Plantation Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and GeorgiaTobaccoRice IndigoSugar

1558                        - Elizabeth I becomes queen of England 1565-1590               - English crush Irish uprising 1577                        - Drake circumnavigates the globe 1585                        - Raleigh founds Roanoke colony 1588                        - England defeats Spanish Armada 1603                        - James I becomes kind of England 1604                        - Spain and England sign peace treaty 1607                        - Virginia colony founded at Jamestown 1612                        - Rolfe perfects tobacco culture in Virginia 1614                        - First Anglo-Powhatan War ends 1619                        - First Africans in Jamestown.  Virginia House of Burgesses 1624                        -

Virginia becomes a royal colony 1634                        - Maryland colony founded 1640s                      - Large-scale slave-labor system in English West Indies 1644                        - Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1649                        - Act of Toleration in Maryland.  Charles I beheaded; Cromwell rules England 1660                        - Charles II restored to English throne 1661                        - Barbados slave code adopted 1670                        - Carolina colony created 1711-1713               - Tuscarora War in North Carolina 1712                        - North Carolina formally separates from South Carolina 1715-1716               - Yamasee War in South Carolina 1733                        - Georgia colony founded