Post on 13-Dec-2015
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is divided into groups (columns) and periods rows.
Periods have the same number of electron orbitals.
Groups have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital (valance electrons)
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Metals vs. Non-Metals
Alkali Metals
• low melting and boiling points compared to other metals
• they are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife
• they have low densities• react quickly with water• Form bases in water.
Alkali Earth Metals
• shiny.• silvery-white• somewhat reactive
metals• low densities• low melting and boiling
points
Transition Metals• they form colored compounds• they are good conductors of
heat and electricity• they can be hammered or
bent into shape easily• they are less reactive than
other metals• they have high melting points
(except for mercury) • they are usually hard and
tough• they have high densities
Basic Metals
Metalloids
• Solids• Can be shiny or dull• Ductile—made into
wires• Malleable—pounded
into sheets• Conduct heat and
electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals
Halogen Family
• Low melting and boiling points
• Brittle when solid• Poor conductors of
heat and electricity• Have colored vapors• Very reactive with
group 1 and 2.
Noble Gases
• stable (their valence shell is full)
• generally non-reactive• conduct electricity• fluoresce• odorless and colorless
Lanthanide Series• Silvery-white metals that tarnish when
exposed to air, forming their oxides.• Relatively soft metals. Hardness
increases somewhat with higher atomic number.
• High melting points and boiling points• Very reactive.• React with water• Burn easily in air• Many rare earth compounds fluoresce
strongly under ultraviolet light.• Lanthanide ions tend to be pale colors• The lanthanides react readily with most
nonmetals
Actinide Series
• All are radioactive.• The metals tarnish
readily in air.• High density• They react with boiling
water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas.
• Actinides combine directly with most non-metals.