• Establishments of new knowledge

• Enhance understanding of the natural world

• Test the validity of known theories and hypothesis

• Extension of existing knowledge

• Find solutions to real problems

• Generate and develop technologies

• Test, modify and evaluate new and existing knowledge

• Blood serum of crocodiles can inhibit the growth of some microorganisms causing diseases in humans.

• At a particular sampling time, the mangoes and bagoong sold in front of some elementary schools in Iloilo City was found to be contaminated by bacteria species that produce toxins in the digestive tract.

• A species of bacteria that exists naturally in heated compost piles can degrade some kinds of plastics that are not considered biodegradable.

Blood serum

bacteria

• A cell phone can be used as a home security monitoring device.

• Grape skin extract has anticancer activity.

• The applications of a physics theory was demonstrated in an ionic set-up using fluids.

cell phone Grape skin extract

Research is...• a problem-solving activity• a source of new information, principles

and generalization• an empirical activity• an activity that requires time, resources

and expertise

Research is...• systematic and well-planned • an activity for virtuous people• a critical output (requires objectivity

and accuracy)

Research is NOT...• merely gathering and publishing the

opinions of experts• merely the invention of a plausible

theory to explain a phenomenon• an argument• a summary of facts or ideas

• Aims to add to an existing body of knowledge

• Curiosity-oriented• No practical end in mind but provides

foundation for further research

A study that aims to – • Know how captive hornbills react to the

approach of strangers

Hornbill

• Aims to solve problem using the knowledge gained through research

• Mission-oriented• Results have some practical use

A study that aims to – • find out if soaking fungi- infected

pineapple plantlets in garlic extracts will revive plant vigor.

Garlic Extracts Pineapple Plantlets

• Adapts the findings of research to experimental demonstrations or clinical purposes

• Feasibility-oriented• Explores the practical uses of research

findings

A study that aims to – • isolate the substance in garlic that is

responsible for inhibiting the growth of fungi and to develop the fungicide spray using the substance.

• experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, procedures an process

• evolution of data gathered from the past

• no manipulation or control of variables

• examined records of rainfall data in Maasin watershed and flood occurrences in Jaro, Iloilo to find out if a predictive pattern exists

• Gathers information from present conditions to describe the nature of these conditions at the time of study

• No manipulation or control of variables

• monitored the impact of the oil spill in terms of the amount of oil in sand samples from Tando, Guimaras, by taking monthly measurements for one year

Guimaras oil spill

• Tests hypothesis concerning cause- and- effect relationships of variables

• An experiment is designed to isolate of identify the significant factor causing the phenomenon under study

• Manipulation and control of variables

• tests the effect of different incubation temperature levels on the ability of a species of bacteria to degrade plastic

A study that--

Bacteria

Case StudiesSurveys

Correlation StudyLongitudinal Surveys

Developmental StudiesFollow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Case Studies

Surveys

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

CASE STUDIES• an in-depth,

detailed study about a person, event or unit, over a period of time

Example:The nocturnal habits of a captive cloud rat

Surveys

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Captive Cloud Rat

SURVEYS• gathering limited

data from a large number of sources

Example:Mangroves Species in the Coasts of Panay Island

Case Studies

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Mangroves Species

CORRELATION STUDY• estimating the

extent by which variables are related to each other

Example:The relationship between nighttime temperature and number of diamondback moth present in a pechay farm

Case Studies

Surveys

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Pechay Farm

Diamondback Moth

LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS• gathering the same

set of data periodically from the same subjects over a relatively long period

Example:Amount of leaf litter (kg/day) produced in a mangrove area in Tando, Guimaras in summer

Case Studies

Surveys

Correlation Study

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Leaf of mangrove

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES• gathering data from

the progressive stages that a certain event undergo

Example:Timetable from fertilization to hatching of sea urchin eggs

Case Studies

Surveys

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Follow- up Studies

Documentary Analysis

Fertilization of sea urchin eggs

FOLLOW-UP STUDIES• investigating the results achieved after a specified treatment or occurrence of certain conditions.

Example: The impact of mangrove reforestation on the population of mud crabs

TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Case Studies

Surveys

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Documentary Analysis

Mud Crab

Mangrove Reforestation

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS•gathering information from records and documents.

Example:Filiariasis cases in Panay and sources of infection from DOH records

Case Studies

Surveys

Correlation Study

Longitudinal Surveys

Developmental Studies

Follow- up Studies

Filiariasis Virus

Source ofFiliariasis

Mr. Harold Medioda’s presentation of the same title.

A photocopy of book pages of unknown title and author (my apologies to the author)

Get ¼ sheet of paper

Spread out!!

Ready?

Reminder: No sharing of notes

1.True or False: The scientific method involves the research process.

2.True or False: Problem identification are features of both the scientific method and the research process.

3.3-4. Give two aims of research.

5. Pure or Applied: A study that aims to satisfy a curios mind with no practical and in mind.

6. What type of research explores the feasibility of producing a material.

7. What type of research involves the manipulation and control of variables?

8. What type of descriptive study is this?- It established that when water surface temperature increases, the number of a certain marine organism decreases.

9. TRUE or FALSE: There is a historical research that may be classified as experimental research.

10. What type of descriptive study is this?

- It aims to investigate the extent of the activity of one mouse when fed with different energy drink.

Stop writing!

Exchange paper with your neighbor

Write your name as corrector

Give one point for each correct answer.

1.True or False: The scientific method involves the research process. (FALSE)

2.True or False: Problem Identification are features of both scientific method and the research process. (TRUE)

3-4. Give two aims of research

Why do research?

•establishment of new knowledge•Enhance understanding of the natural world•test the validity of known theories and hypothesis•extension of existing knowledge

•find solutions to real problems•generate and develop technologies•test, modify and evaluate new andexisting technology

5. Pure or Applied: A study that aims to satisfy a curious mind with no practical end in mind. (PURE)

6. What type of research explore the feasibility of producing a material? (DEVELOPMENTAL)

7. What type of research involves the manipulation and control of variables? (EXPERIMENTAL)

8. What type of descriptive study is this? –It established that when water surface temperature increases, the number of a certain marine organism decreases. (CORRELATION STUDY)

9. TRUE or FALSE: There is a historical research that may be classified as experimental research. (FALSE)

10. What type of descriptive study is this? –It aims to investigate the extract of the activity of one mouse when fed with different energy drink. (CASE STUDY)

Submit the paper to your facilitator.

Return your seats in order and listen to the announcement

Journal FormatPeriod Covered:Summary:Details:Problems encountered:Plans for the coming week:

Journal Submission

Monday every week after the flag

ceremony to the research facilitator

Transparent envelope (long size) for

Your submitted articlesSection and Name below the flap(1-inch high letters on sticker or

Masking tape)Submitted articles must be

brought toEvery consultation meeting

The envelope will be checked during

The consultations next week