JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group Dr. István Sebestyén

(Ex-CCITT Special Rapporteur on NIC)

The legend begins - the JPEG story from the 1980s

We all know and love her...

Different Projects lead to JPEG The ISO SC2 WG8 project on picture coding identification The Videotex Photographic Mode project (CCITT, ISO,

ETSI) The CCITT „New Image Communication” (NIC) Project All were driven first by the same type of people, namely

primerily by telecommunication folks. Most IT folks joined only later.

The ISO SC2 WG8 project on picture coding identification At the beginning only identification and selection from/ to picture coding, but without still picture compression.

Identification of coding methods (1985) - SC2 WG8 N211

SC2 WG8 Schedule Planning (1985 October, Yasuda)

DPX3 – Photographic Image Coding (1985 October, WG8 N0213)

DPX3 – Photographic Image Coding (1985 October, WG8 N0213)

The Videotex Photographic Mode project (CCITT, ISO) Videotex = Viewdata = PRESTEL = Bildschirmtext = NAPLPS = CAPTAIN = Minitel etc... Great server-network-terminal-service technology from the end of 1970s = prior to the Web

Old Prestel- and new CEPT Videotex Standard (with TV remote controller)

New innovative terminals... (a Siemens product)... Black and white

The most advanced one... The intelligent Austrian Mupid (8-bit PC)

Sort of „Photographic Coding“ using DRCS with the CEPT Vtx standard

One of the first photographic images via Videotex – Mupid proprietary telesoftware (TU Graz, Prof. Maurer) in 1982 – about 4 minute to download...

Photo taken by an analogue Video-camera

Not good enough for practical use (Prestel)

3 Coding modi: -Color- & runlenght coding linewise (this picture) -Image Blocs & Huffman coding -Progressive image coding

Problems: -Low image compression (50%) -Slow image build up -Low quality -Limited color presentation (not cont. tone colors)

History of photographic coding standardization in ISO (G. Hudson -1986) SC2 WG8 N337

History of photographic coding standardization in ISO (G. Hudson -1986)

History of photographic coding standardization in ISO (G. Hudson -1986)

History of photographic coding standardization in ISO (G. Hudson -1986)

ESPRIT 563 Project for Photovideotex SC2 WG8 N266 (G. Hudson – 1986)

ESPRIT 563 Project for Photovideotex SC2 WG8 N266 (G. Hudson – 1986)

But also other compression techniques were presented in ISO Japanese techniques (incl. NTT) CCITT techniques Etc. Thus, selection and how to move forward in standardization

became an urgent issue by Summer of 1986.

•This was a new „Study Question” approved by the CCITT - VIIIth Plenary Assembly (Málaga-Torremolinos, 1984) • Had a very general formulation for the work 1985-1988 and nothing happened until 1986....so started to became sort of embarrassing •No one (including the Special Rapporteur Mr. Manfred Worlitzer from the Deutsche Bundespost) had clear idea what it should be... But he was very honest and pragmatic about it •Mr. Worlitzer was key expert in Videotex terminals (high priority, very busy with that), therefore the Bundespost asked early 1986 Siemens to give him some support in his work. Mr. Sebestyén was asigned by Siemens (Mr. Popp) to assist to Mr. Worlitzer. •Mr. Worlitzer said, if you have a good idea what the question should do, please let me know... So I started to study the topic... •Mr. Worlitzer left the Videotex- and the NIC group in Summer of 1987, and Mr. Sebestyén became the Special Rapporteur for NIC.

The CCITT „New Image Communication” (NIC) Project

Report from the Spring 1986 CCITT SGVIII meeting

Main contributions from KDD – 1985 Kyoto CCITT SGVIII meeting

Main contributions from KDD – 1985 Kyoto CCITT SGVIII meeting Contained important new concepts Hard copy / soft copy communication Progressive image build vs. Sequential image build up Quick look-up, and variable image quality (progressive

coding scheme) Lossy / Lossless compression Image data base applications Interactive, conferencing applications

Key KDD contributors at a JPEG meeting Y. Yamazaki (left), T. Endoh (right) in 1987

Basic contribution 1 from KDD – 1985 Kyoto CCITT SGVIII meeting

Here came the concept of „tool box” type of standard, Interworking, No spec. file format

Q.18/VIII meeting Report in 1986

Liaison statement to SC2 WG8 in 1986

List of NIC Applications in 1986

Properties of NIC 1986

Properties of NIC 1986

Properties of NIC 1986

Early CCITT requirements in 1986

SC2 WG8 Photogr. Experts Meeting in Rennes 8-11 July 1986 (G. Hudson) WG8 N346

The CCITT NIC requirements were in principle accepted

SC2 WG8 Meeting in Rennes (July 1986)

Report of the 1st JPEG meeting (1986 November 11-13, Parcippany)

Report of the 1st JPEG meeting (1986 November 11-13, Parcippany)

We did not know at that time what JPEG was and what the working rules for such joint group were (no CCITT / ISO policy existed on joint work)

Understanding of roles between CCITT and ISO

Participation list of the 1st JPEG Meeting (Parcippany, November 1986)

Candidate compression techniques at the 1st JPEG Meeting

Main requirements for evaluating the JPEG compression scheme

2nd JPEG Meeting in Darmstadt (1987 March)

2nd JPEG Meeting in Darmstadt (1987 March)

2nd JPEG Meeting in Darmstadt (1987 March)

3rd JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1987 June)

3rd JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1987 June)

3rd JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1987 June)

3rd JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1987 June) - Results

3rd JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1987 June)

4th JPEG Meeting in Copenhagen (1988 January) WG8 N692

Press Release picture about the winning technique (January 1988)

Press Release picture about the winning technique (January 1988)

Press Release picture about the winning technique (January 1988)

Press Release picture about the winning technique (January 1988)

Photo taken at the January 1988 JPEG selection meeting in Copenhagen

Signatures of JPEG experts at the January 1988 JPEG selection meeting

And this was only the begining... It took a long way from there to get JPEG approved and published in 1992 (ITU-T) / 1993 (ISO/IEC JTC1)...

Parallel the ETSI JPEG Photovideotex Standard – KTAS Copenhagen

Prolog: While all these exciting JPEG things have happened....

Thanks…. Questions?

This is me in 1988 as CCITT „NIC” evangelist