The Intertwingling of Openness and Data in the Future of Education

David Wiley, PhDDepartment of Instructional Psychology & Technology

Brigham Young University

About This Talk

http://slideshare.net/opencontent/

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The Bible

If the Book Didn’t Change Schools

Can the computer?Can the internet?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gls-conference/4687537285/

Can Games?

Character Classes

Full: Designer, Developer, Researcher

Needed: Legislator, Superintendent, Principal, Teacher

With Apologies to Allan Collins

“Education (reform) doesn’t work unless you’re willing to take

responsibility.”

Openness… In Education?

Let’s begin by defining terms

Open, adj.

Describes educational artifacts

Open Textbooks

Open Educational Resources

Open Courseware

(Open Source Software)

Open, adj.

Teaching materials freely shared with permissions to engage in the “4R” activities

The 4Rs

Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others

Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others

Communicate 4Rs Permissions

Since this overrides default copyright,you must use a copyright license

Offers easy to use 4R’s licenses

20092007 20082006200520042003

CC Licensed Items Online (Millions)

50

100

150

200

250

While Nouns Differ…

The operationalizing actions are the same

Open, adj.

Generous, sharing, giving

Open, adj.

Providing (1) access and (2) local control

Your Inner Two-year Old

Overcoming the impulse to scream“Mine!”

Law and Policy “Enable” Us

To shout “Mine!” ever more loudly,convulse ever more uncontrollably,

and hit each other with ever larger toys

Society’s Siren Song

“Be selfish. Keep it to yourself. Sue your neighbor.

It’s legal. It’s ok.”

Education Is Not Immune

This kind of thinking is accepted

Educational Games Aren’t Immune

This kind of thinking is accepted

Role of Openness in Education?

A terrible, insidious question

Openness is the only means of doing education

If There Is No Sharing…

There is no education

Education, n.

A relationship of sharing

Successful Educators

Share most thoroughly with the most students

Expertise Is Nonrivalrous

Can be given without being given away

“He who receives ideas from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.”

Thomas Jefferson

Teachers Would Be Like Bees!

They could only teach once

Expressions Are Different

To give a book you must give it away

Expressions Are Different

To give a book you must give it away

Expressions Are Different

Digital expressions are nonrivalrous

n’t^

E.g., Online Book

We can all read simultaneously

An Indescribable Advance

The first time in human history

Expertise and Its Expressions

Give without giving away

Unprecedented Capacity

We can share as never before

Unprecedented Capacity

We can educate as never before

(Education Involves More)

(It turns out the Internet is pretty goodat facilitating these other things as

well.)

Sharing the Stage

Technology always plays opposite it’s nemesis, policy

15th Century

Perhaps the greatest technological advance ever

15th Century

Also the most draconian restrictions on information dissemination ever

The Bible

Huge demand for vernacular editions, but illegal (and expensive)

Instead of Obliging…

Ramped up production of “indulgences” and stricter laws against vernacular editions

“Whosoever reads the Scriptures in the mother tongue, shall forfeit land, cattle, life, and goods from their heirs forever, and so be condemned for heretics to God, enemies to the crown, and most arrant traitors to the land.”

English Law, 1414

Collision

Powerful new technology,huge demand,

outdated thinking reinforced by law

The Reformation

Powerful new technology,huge demand,

outdated thinking reinforced by law

Alas

Our day isn’t that different

Learning Management Systems

Technology perverted against its own potential, made to conceal and

withhold

“Lids Down, Please!”

Faculty refuse to compete for attention

2008 Professor in Southern US

Claimed (C) of his class lectures, declared student notes derivative works, and

asserted control over their use

Makes Me Wonder…

Can they ever become professors?Can they ever be employed?

Soaring Demand for Education

120M in post-secondary education worldwide150M more projected to enter

In India Alone, They Need…

2400 new universities in the next 25 years

One new university every two weeks

Collision

Powerful new media and technology,ravenous demand,

outdated thinking reinforced by policy

Sound Familiar?

Education is on the edge of its own Reformation

Will We Reform Internally?

Or will factions and sects have to split off?

What Does Reform Look Like?

We only need to look at society around us…

Analog Digital

Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers,Movies, Journals, Communications,

Intelligence, Defense

Tethered Mobile

Phones, Internet Access,Employment

Isolated Connected

People, Content, Systems

Generic Personal

Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones

Consuming Creating

Radio / Podcasting, Newspapers / Blogs Movies / Vodcasting

Closed Open

Software (OSs, Applications), Content (Blogs, Wikis)

Then vs NowAnalog Digital

Tethered Mobile

Isolated Connected

Generic Personal

Consumption Creating

Closed Open

Education vs EverydayAnalog Digital

Tethered Mobile

Isolated Connected

Generic Personal

Consumption Creating

Closed Open

“Daily Divide” Is a Huge Threat

And the wider the disconnect, the less relevant higher education feels

What About E-learning?

What About E-learning?

Very innovative in 1995!

Characteristics of E-learning

Analog or Digital

Tethered or Mobile

Isolated or Connected

Generic or Personal

Consuming or Creating

Closed or Open

Connecting

You can’t connect to something if you don’t have access to it

Personalizing

You can’t adapt or localize somethingif you don’t have permission

Creating

You won’t be creative if there’s no outlet for your work

Technology Already Enables

Policy, law, and tradition prohibit

Institutional Openness

Some examples…

Individual Openness

Some examples… on a budget

Character Classes

• Bard - Master of the lore, history, and politics of the field, know what's “out there”

• Artisan - Has materials production skills in all the necessary Web 1.0 and 2.0 tools like HTML, video sharing, podcasting

• Monk Master of copyright and licensing arcana and defender of the university brand

• Merchant Deals with short- and long-term sustainability issues

• Level 1 – 22 XP• Level 2 – 40 XP• Level 3 – 65 XP• Level 4 – 105 XP• Level 5 – 160 XP• Level 6 – 230 XP• Level 7 – 365 XP

• Level 7 – A• Level 6 – B• Level 5 – C• Level 4 or below - F

Leveling Up “Grades”

Let’s Talk Data

Each and Every Interaction

Recorded and stored for analysisto improve quality of service / experience

If Only We Could Get It…

Education could engage in continuous quality improvement, too!

Even the Grocer!

Almost every industry uses data more effectively than we do

One More Experiment

Bloom’s 2 Sigma Challenge

Bloom, 1984

One-to-One Tutoring

And other methods compared to 30 students in the classroom

Average Tutored Student by 2 SD

In other words, the average student is capable of much more

Tutoring is Expensive

So we teach class instead!

Bloom, 1984

If the research on the 2 sigma problem yields practiced methods (methods that the average teacher or school faculty can learn in a brief period of time and use with little more cost or time than conventional instruction), it would be an educational contribution of the greatest magnitude. (p. 5)

To Tutor Or Not to Tutor?

That is the (false) question

“Intelligent” Tutors

Have different scalability problemsDehumanize learing

“Strategic Tutoring”

What if we could do one-on-one tutoring just-in-time and just-on-topic?

How Can We Get the Data?

Follow Google, Amazon, Netflix, WoW, etc.

Do School Online

Where each and every interaction can be captured and stored for analysis

What Kind of Data?

When they logged in, read, and workedHow long they logged in, read, and worked

Pathway information, Item-by-item analytics,

&c.

OHSU Teaching Model

Online curriculum teaches as much as possible,teachers do proactive “strategic tutoring”

Another Benefit of Data

Engage in continuous improvement of curriculum materials

Can You Improve Curriculum?

Data aren’t sufficient – you need permission

Open Educational Resources

Give OHSU the permissions it needs to engage in continuous improvement

“4R” Permissions

Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others

Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others

OHSU Charter Requires OER

Founders’ way of “burning the ships”

Conjoint Continuous Improvement

Student learning and curriculum effectivenessgrow simultaneously

Curriculum Use

Curriculum Redesign

StudentPerformance

Data

Data Describing Curriculum

Performance

Data Supporting Strategic Tutoring

FeedbackLoop

Capturing Out-of-Band Tutoring

Using customer relationship management(CRM) tools

Thank You

david.wiley@byu.edu801-422-7071

http://davidwiley.org/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tudor/255272612/

How could he fail the test? He

was online studying all day every day

last week!!!

http://www.flickr.com/photos/combust/3593608524/

He must have been playing

World of Warcraft, because he only spent 32 minutes

on Algebra.

Thank You

david.wiley@byu.edu801-422-7071

http://davidwiley.org/

Visualizing Educational Data

Creating new visualization techniques to support teaching and learning

Openness

• Increases access• Gathers more data• Improves sharing• Creates local control• Makes data actionable / CQI• Permits alignment with societal changes

“facilitates the unexpected”

More Open We Are

The better education will be

Thank You!

david.wiley@byu.edu

http://davidwiley.org/