Post on 16-Mar-2016
description
The interaction function
2º ESO / PAI III
INDEX
1.What is the interaction function? 2.Interaction function in plants 3.Interaction function in animal: the
receptors 4.Interaction function in animal:
coordination 5.Interaction function in animals: the
effectors
1. What is the interaction function?
The interaction function consists of 3 processes:
The perception of information
Processing and coordination
The execution of responses
1. What is the interaction function?
LIVING THINGS RECEIVE INFORMATION THROUGH STIMULI
A stimulus is any change in the surroundings or in the living thing itself which can be perceived by it and cause an effect in it.
1. What is the interaction function?
1. What is the interaction function?
TYPES OS STIMULI
PHYSICAL STIMULI (energy)
Heat Light Vibrations Forces such as gravity
CHEMICAL STIMULI (substances)
kinds
1. What is the interaction function?
LIVING THINGS HAVE RECEPTORS
PHOTORECEPTORS – Capture light
THERMORECEPTORS – Detect heat
MECHANORECEPTORS – Are sensitive to vibrations and forces
CHEMORECEPTORS – Are detectors of substances
1. What is the interaction function?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SE5aHVTmlm4
1. What is the interaction function?
PROCESSING AND COORDINATION
Living things precess the information which comes from the receptors and prepare the organism to react by means of a coordinae
response.
1. What is the interaction function?
THE EXECUTION OF RESPONSES
Living things have effectors to carry out responses.
Different ones produce movements, subtances, etc
2. Interaction function in plants
TROPISMS: are plant responses which consist of directing their growth towards, or away from
stimulus.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QehTJMUtnk
TYPES OF TROPISMS
2. Interaction function in plants
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX1V0UQYU-0
NASTIC MOVEMENTS: are plant responses which consist of rapid movements of some parts. They are
usually reversible.
PHOTONASTY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wB0WPiDvRL0
THIGMONASTY
3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors
The sense organs are receptors. They contain receptor cells that capture a particular type of
stimulus and send a signal to the coordinations systems, which interpret them
as a sensation (an image, a sound, a smell or a taste)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8ODqt4_Qro
3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSsqaBwi4Zc
PHOTORECEPTOR ORGANS
Simple eyes
Compuond eyes
Camera – type eyes
http://factoides.com.ar/post/5195652690/cubomedusas
COMPOUND EYE / OJO COMPUESTO
3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors
THE MECHANORECEPTOR ORGANS Hearing organs Balance organs The lateral line (fish) The sking
3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors
THE CHEMORECEPTOR ORGANS of animals have receptor cells which capture substances which are in the air, water, and foods. They provide two closely related senses: smell and taste.
4. Interaction function in animals: coordination
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Captures the signals from the sense organs, interprets them and gives orders to carry out and to communicate these orders to the effector organs so they can give the responses.
4. Interaction function in animals: coordination
4. Interaction function in animals: coordination
THE COMPLEXITY OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS In jellyfish and polyps (cnidaria), it is a simple network of neurons. En more complex animals, the neurons are grouped together to form:
- Nerve centres, which process the information, such as the ganglia of molluscs and arthropods , or the encephalon and the spinal cord in vertebrates. - Nerves, which connect the sense organs to the nerve centres and these centres to the effectors.
4. Interaction function in animals: coordination
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine system produces substances called hormones, which travel round the organism and provoke responses, generally slow and lasting, in certain effectors.
5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors
THE RESPONSES
The movements, caused by effectors that only animals have, namely: the muscles.
The secretions: very different substances produced and secreted by certain glands which act as effectors.
5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors
THE MUSCLES AND MOVEMENTS
Tissues or organs The muscle fibre are specialised to contract Produce movements
5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors
THE GLANDS AND SECRETION The glands that produce secretions are organs or cell groups which, when they recive an order from the coordination systems, produce substances and secrete them, generally to the exterior environment.