The Industrial CityThe Industrial City

The Culture of CitiesThe Culture of Cities

Monday, March 22/2006Monday, March 22/2006

SOSC 2730SOSC 2730

Urban Studies Program @ YorkUUrban Studies Program @ YorkU

http://www.arts.yorku.ca/sosc/urbanst/index.htmlhttp://www.arts.yorku.ca/sosc/urbanst/index.html

contact:contact: Lisa DrummondLisa DrummondProgram Coordinator Program Coordinator S767 Ross BuildingS767 Ross Building416-736-2100 x 77792416-736-2100 x 77792 prog. office:prog. office: S751 RossS751 Ross

drummond@yorku.cadrummond@yorku.ca 416-736-416-736-2100 x777962100 x77796

Final ExaminationFinal Examination

2-5 PM, Monday, April 242-5 PM, Monday, April 24

Curtis Lecture Hall DCurtis Lecture Hall D

format:format: Part APart A (Quiz 5) (Quiz 5)

Part BPart B answer 2 essay questions answer 2 essay questions

out of 5 (cumulative)out of 5 (cumulative)

Schedule of ReadingSchedule of Reading

• week of March 13– The Structure of Baroque Power (12)– Court, Parade & Capital (13)

• week of March 20– Commercial Expansion & Urban Dissolution (14)– Paleotechnic Paradise: Coketown (15)

• week of March 27– Suburbia –– and Beyond (16)– The Myth of Megalopolis (17)

• week of April 3– Retrospect & Prospect (18)

Selected CivilizationsSelected Civilizations

The Industrial CityThe Industrial City

Manchester, UKManchester, UKpopulation: 84,000 (1800)population: 84,000 (1800)

ChangeChange

• separation of work & homeseparation of work & home

• separation of rural & urbanseparation of rural & urban

• new social elitenew social elite–manufacturers, bankers, entrepreneursmanufacturers, bankers, entrepreneurs

• urban morphologyurban morphology–specialized production zonesspecialized production zones

17661766

LiverpoolLiverpool

17761776

17761776

18011801

1840s1840s

18511851

18511851

18511851

18511851

18511851

18511851

18511851

ChangeChange

• social mobilitysocial mobility

• suburbanizationsuburbanization

• economic recessionseconomic recessions

• grinding povertygrinding poverty

• municipal governmentmunicipal government

ManchesterManchester

• difference from Baroquedifference from Baroque–unbridled capitalismunbridled capitalism–new elitenew elite

• role of applied knowledgerole of applied knowledge• expansion of tradeexpansion of trade–centralized production centralized production ––>––>

larger marketslarger markets

SpreadSpread

• industrializationindustrialization–Europe, North America, JapanEurope, North America, Japan

• today most of the worldtoday most of the world

City LifeCity Life

• mass productionmass production

• mass consumptionmass consumption

• mass transitmass transit

• mass communicationmass communication

––––>> mass culture mass culture

The Industrial CityThe Industrial CityUpwards & OutwardsUpwards & Outwards

ProposedProposedFordhamFordham

Tower,Tower,ChicagoChicago

Technological Achievements in theTechnological Achievements in theDevelopment of the SkyscraperDevelopment of the Skyscraper

• 18551855 Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfectedBessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfected• 18571857 Otis develops the safety equipped elevatorOtis develops the safety equipped elevator• 18671867 Monier patents reinforced concreteMonier patents reinforced concrete• 18671867 Remington develops the first commercially successful typewriterRemington develops the first commercially successful typewriter• 18691869 Commercial electrical power generationCommercial electrical power generation• 18761876 Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron Bessemer process is improved, allowing for the use of inferior quality iron

ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel productionores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel production• 18761876 Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmissionBell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmission• 18761876 The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machineThe commercial application of the mimeograph copying machine• 18791879 Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketedCommercially successful electric light bulbs are marketed• 18791879 Leiter Building, ChicagoLeiter Building, Chicago becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron

frameframe• 18851885 First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (Home Insurance Building, Home Insurance Building,

ChicagoChicago))• 18871887 Electrification of the elevatorElectrification of the elevator• 18921892 Use of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraperUse of curtain walls to cover the exterior of a steel framed skyscraper• 18921892 Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of Hennebique improves reinforced concrete with a rectangular arrangement of

steel barssteel bars• 18951895 Simpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in CanadaSimpson’s Department Store, Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canada• 19031903 The Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that cityThe Flatiron Building, New York City is the first skyscraper built in that city• 19031903 The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals The first use of reinforced concrete to produce an office building -- Ingals

Building, CincinnatiBuilding, Cincinnati

• 18551855 Bessemer process for producing Bessemer process for producing inexpensive steel is perfectedinexpensive steel is perfected

• 18571857 Otis develops the safety equipped Otis develops the safety equipped elevatorelevator

• 18671867 Monier patents reinforced concreteMonier patents reinforced concrete• 18671867 Remington develops the first Remington develops the first

commercially successful typewritercommercially successful typewriter• 18691869 Commercial electrical power generationCommercial electrical power generation• 18761876 Bessemer process is improved, allowing Bessemer process is improved, allowing

for the use of inferior quality iron for the use of inferior quality iron ores, resulting in another significant ores, resulting in another significant reduction in the cost of steel productionreduction in the cost of steel production

• 18761876 Bell introduces the telephone and Bell introduces the telephone and long-distance voice transmissionlong-distance voice transmission

• 18761876 The commercial application of the The commercial application of the mimeograph copying machinemimeograph copying machine

• 18791879 Commercially successful electric light Commercially successful electric light bulbs are marketedbulbs are marketed

• 18791879 Leiter Building, ChicagoLeiter Building, Chicago becomes becomes the world’s first skyscraper, using the world’s first skyscraper, using an iron framean iron frame

• 18851885 First use of structural steel for First use of structural steel for skyscrapers (skyscrapers (Home Insurance Home Insurance Building, ChicagoBuilding, Chicago))

Leiter Building Home Insurance BuildingLeiter Building Home Insurance Building

• 18871887 Electrification of the elevatorElectrification of the elevator• 18921892 Use of curtain walls to cover the Use of curtain walls to cover the

exterior exterior of a steel framed skyscraperof a steel framed skyscraper• 18921892 Hennebique improves reinforced Hennebique improves reinforced

concrete with a rectangular concrete with a rectangular arrangement arrangement of steel barsof steel bars• 18951895 Simpson’s Department Store, Simpson’s Department Store,

Toronto is the first skyscraper Toronto is the first skyscraper built in Canadabuilt in Canada

• 19031903 The Flatiron Building, New York The Flatiron Building, New York City is City is the first skyscraper built in that the first skyscraper built in that

citycity• 19031903 The first use of reinforced concrete to The first use of reinforced concrete to

produce an office building -- produce an office building -- Ingals Ingals Building, CincinnatiBuilding, Cincinnati