Post on 11-Jan-2016
The Human Genome and
Gene TechnologiesChapter 15. 1 and
15.2
The Human Genome
I. The Human Genome Project- A scientific cooperative effort to sequence the entire human genome.a. Completed in the year 2003.b. Humans have about 25,000 genes.c. 99.9% of all DNA is identical in all humans.
The Human Genome
II. Applications of the Human Genome Projecta. Diagnosing and preventing diseases.b. Treating diseases (gene therapies).c. Identifying individuals- each person has an individual genetic code.
The Human Genome
III. DNA Fingerprint- A pattern of DNA characteristics that is unique to an individual organism.a. Can be used to confirm relation between two people.b. Used to identify criminals.c. Used to identify victims/bodies
in forensics.
15.2 Gene Technologies I. Manipulating genes-Gene Technologies
are widely used to study organisms, alter organisms for human use, and improve human lives
A. Genetic engineering_- deliberate alteration of the genetic material of an organism into a another
i. DNA that has been recombined by genetic engineering is recombinant DNA, also referred to as GMOs (genetically modified organisms)
A common GMO-Soybeans!
Tolerant to herbicidesHow is this helpful to
farmers??
OR produce insecticidesHow is this helpful to
farmers??
Gene Technologies
B. Everyday applications i. Food crops:
many crops have insecticide genes added, or are engineered to be easier to grow or more nutritious
Gene Technologies
Livestock: new breeds engineered to grow faster or have more or less fat; or to produce milk with specific proteins
Gene Technologies
Medical Treatment: a normal gene for a protein can be inserted into a person with an abnormal gene (ex: diabetes and hemophilia)