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National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Contract No. NASw-6
Astronaut ics Information
Trans la t ion No . 24
THE FLIG HT O F VOSTOK I1
PRAVDA, August 7 , 1961, Extra Edit ion
Trans la ted by J . L. Zygielbaum
Copy No.---
JET PROPULSION LABORATORYA Research Facility of I - . -
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationOperated by
California Institute of Technology .Pasadena, CaliforniaOctober 2 , 1961
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Copyright 0 961
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Insti tute of Technology
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JPL AI/Trans la t ion No . 24
CONTENTS
The Flight of VOSTOK I1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deta iled Account of Fli ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biography of a N e w Cosmonaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
1
4
Takeoff of VOSTOK I1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Th e Lan ding of VOSTOK I1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
E x c e r p ts F r o m P r e s s C on fe re nc e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
Radio Communications Earth . OSTOK I1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
FIGURES
1 .2 .3 .4 .
5 .6
7 .
8
9 .10 .
11 .
Major Herman Ti tov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Herman Ti tov in h i s sp ace su i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Herm an Ti tov in e jec t ion se a t
Photo taken by Herm an Titov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Por th o le Pho tograph I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Por th o le Pho tograph II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Por thole Photograph 111. Himalayan Mountains
I l lumina to r Pe r i scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42. . . . . . . . . . . . 41
I l lu s t r a t ion of VOSTOK I in Fl ight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Track ing of VOSTOK I1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44P r o j e c t i o n of VOSTOK I1 Orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 2 4
THE FLIGHT OF VOSTOK I1
Pravda, August 7, 1961 , Extra Edit ion
Tran slate d by Joseph L. Zygielbaum
Me ssag e to the commu nist party, to the people of the Soviet Union, to th e
peoples and governments of all countries, to all prog ress ive mankind.
The Cen tra l Committee of the Communist P a r ty of the Soviet Union, the
P re si di um of the Sup rem e Soviet of the USSR, and the gover nme nt of the Soviet
Union, her eby re po rt with gr ea t sat isfaction the new, unmatched victor y of
Soviet sci enc e and technique, the succe ssfu l flight of the second cos mic sh ip
with a man aboard.
On August 6, 1961, a t 9 a.m.,Moscow time, a powerful Soviet rock et placed
a new cosm ic sh ip-s atell i te Vostok I1 in orbi t around the Ear th piloted by the
cos mon aut Major Herm an Stepanovich Titov, who is a cit ize n of th e Soviet Union,
a Comm unist, and an A i r Fo rce o ff i cer.
Comrade Titov successfully completed twenty-five hours of flight around
the Ear th, af te r which he landed successfully on the ter ri to ry of o ur homeland,
the Union of Soviet So cialis t Republics.
The Sovie t spaceship-sa te l l i te c i rc led the Ear th m or e than 1 7 t i m e s ,
cover ing a distance of m or e than 700,000 km, which equals a lmo st twice the
dis tance f r o m the Ea r th to the Moon.
All the people on Ea rt h followed br eat hle ss ly the flight of th e fi r s t Soviet
man through cosmic sp ace . The outstanding flight of the new Soviet cosmonaut
indicates tha t the t ime is not far away when spaceships piloted by men w i l l pave
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JP L AI /Trans la tion No. 2 4
the way for in terplan etary f l ights o the Moon, then to Mars and finally to Venus.
Bef ore mankind th er e a r e broad pe rspective s now open for the conquest of
cosm ic spa ce and fl ights towards planets of the so la r sy ste m.
(Th i s s t a t ement is followed by a ba rr ag e of propaganda and att ac ks on
the western world. J . L . Z .
TASS Communique
The Soviet space ship -sa tell i te Vostok 11, piloted by the cosmonaut Major
Titov, completed mo re than 1 7 orb i ts around the Ear th dur ing 25 hr , 18 min, a
dist ance of mo re than 7 0 0 , 000 km .
Th e landing of Vostok I1 was ca rr ie d out at a p re se le ct ed region of th e
Soviet Union cl ose to the his tor ica l spot where Major Yur i Gag arin landed
Vostok I on Apr i l 1, 1961, succ essf ully completing a pro gra m of scientif ic inv es-
tigation.
Comra de Titov is in good health and fe els fine. The h i s to r i ca l ly
unmatched, extended cosmic flight of the Soviet cosmonaut was successfully
accomp lished in acc orda nce with a predeterm ined fl ight assignment, and the
re su lt s obtained of investigations opened broad pe rspe ctiv es fo r fu rth er develop-
ment of co sm ic fl ights by man.
TASS Communique, per Pravda, August 7 , 1 9 6 1
Th e pilot cosmonaut, Herm an Titov, aboa rd the s pace ship Vostok I1,com-
ple ted twelve or bi ts around the Ear th a t 3 : O O a. m. Moscow tim e, August 'I, 1961,
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JPL AI/Tra nslation No. 24
covering a distance of 537,300 km.
continued to r em ain clo se to those calculated.
The orbi ta l pa ram ete rs of the spaceship
In acco rda nce with the plan, Major Titov was supposed to sle ep fr o m
6:30 p. m. August 6, t o 2 : O O a . m. August 7;
quency ranged between 53 and 67 beats p er minute.
2:37 a .m . and began to ca r r y out his duties a s scheduled.
that he s lept well and felt f ine. A l l equipment aboard the spaceship operated
norm ally, and the des ired hygienic condit ions inside the cabin wer e maintained.
During h is s leep Titov's p i l s e f r e -
The cosmonaut awakened at
Major Titov reported
Communication with the spaceship was outstanding.
Major Ti tov entered his f if teenth orbi t a t 6 : O O a. m. Moscow time . The
cosmonaut felt f ine af ter eating breakfa st at 5:45 a .m . and hz continued to c a r r y
out his d utie s of s cien tific investigations.
Numerous ins t ruments were ins ta l led aboard the spaceship -sa te l l i te .
These ins t rumen t s included rad io sys t em s fo r t r a j ec to ry m easuremen t s ; mul t i-
channeled t e l emet ry s ys t ems , which maintained obse rvation s of th e cosmonaut ' s
condition and instal lat ion s aboard the spaceship; and short- wave and ul tra -short-
wave receiving- and transmitt ing-communications systems, which automatically
engaged the t ape - re cor de r s to r eco rd the cosmonau t' s speech and t r an sm i t
these recordin gs by command f rom Ear th a t high speed.
During the r e s t period , the cosmonaut was able to uti l ize the long-range
r e c e i v e r fo r the reception of short -wave and medium-wave tr an sm is si on s. The
te levis ion sy s te m made i t poss ib le to observe sys tem at ica l ly the behavior of the
cosmonaut. An en tir e complex of sy ste ms maintained nor mal conditions f o r l ife
in the cabi n of the space shi p.
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 24
A variety of scien tif ic inst rum ents was instal led aboard the spaceship.
Biological objects w e r e pres ent ab oard the ship fo r the purpose of obtaining
additional data and fo r the study of th e influence of cos mic radi atio n on liv e
organ i sms
i l luminators .
magnified thr ee and five t imes.
Obaerva-tinns nf the E a r t h a ~ d ky ..:ere cc~.,duzted thro'igh three
The cosmonaut was ab le to uti l ize a n optical instru men t which
The spaceship-sa te l l i te completed i t s s ix teenth orbi t a round the Ear th a t
8:20 a. m. Moscow time . During that period Major Titov had cov ered 654,800
km. According to rep or ts , a l l sy s te ms aboard the spacesh ip opera ted normal ly,
and the successful accomplishment of the pr og ra m of scien tific investigations
continued.
The phy sical condition of the cosmonaut w a s superb and Major Titov
endured the condition of weig htles sne ss ve ry well. He was able to work ac cu r-
ate ly and to coordinate all activit ies. Norm al l iving condit ions w e r e p r e s e r v e d
insi de the cabin of the spacesh ip. Communication with the spac es hip w a s v e r y
satisfactory, and the flight continued.
Detailed Account of Flight
per Izvestia, August 8, 1961
On August 6, 1961, a t 9:00 a. m. Moscow time, the Soviet Union launched
into orbi t th e spacesh ip-sa te l l i te Vostok 11. The spa ces hip was piloted by a
ci tiz en of t he Soviet Union, pilot -cosmonaut Major Titov.
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JP L AI /Trans la t ion No. 2 4~
The pur po se of th e flight was to acco mp lis h the following:
1. To inv est iga te the influence of a n extended flight on a human
organ i sm,
to investigate the abil i ty nf a IT-= tc? v m k dlclring exte~ded
exposure to a condition of weightlessness, and
to obs erve the following re -e nt ry and landing on the Ea rt h ' s
s u r f a c e .
According to preliminary data, the space ship-sa te l l i te w a s injected into
2.
3 .
an orbit c los e to the one calculated, with the following pa ra me te rs : minimum
dis tance f rom the surf ace of the Ear th (per igee) equals 1 7 8 km; maximum dis-
tance (apogee) is 2 5 7 km; angle of o rbita l inclination toward the equ ator eq uals
64" 56'. The init ial rotat ional period of the spaces hip- satel l i te was 8 8 . 6 minutes.
Th e weight of Vostok 11, without the weight of the la s t stag e of th e c a r r i e r ro cke t,
was 4 7 3 1 kg. A two-way radio communication w a s established with the pilot-
cosmonaut. A t r an sm it te r !!Signal, '' which op er at es on the freque ncy of 19 .995
mc, w a s also ins ta l led aboard the spaceship .
The s ys tem s fo r maintain ing normal l i fe condit ions for the p i lo t -
cosmonaut were functioning in a no rm al manner, and the cosmonaut fel t f ine and
was in good spirits.
Th e flight of the Soviet -manned sp ace sh ip continued.
The Second O rbit Around Our P lan et
During his second orbit around the Earth, a number of communiques
fr om Major Titov test if ied to the fact that the f l ight was su cces sful , and that he
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JPL AI/Translatio n No. 24
According to tele me try readings the cosmonaut 's condit ion was ver y
satisfactory. His pulse frequency was 88 beats pe r minute, and hi s breathing
frequency was between 15 an d 18 pe r minute. Nor mal l iving condit ions w ere
maintained ins ide the cabin,
While passing ov er Afri ca, Major Titov broadcasted gree tings to the
people of Africa, and at 10:38 a. m. Moscow time , when over Soviet terr i to ry ,
the following me ssa ge was r eceiv ed:
I re po rt f rom aboard th e Soviet space ship Vostok I1
to the Central Committee of the Comm unist P ar tyof the Soviet Union, to the Soviet Go ve rnm ent , andpersonally to Com rade Khrushchev, that the f lightof the Soviet spaceship-satellite Vostok I1 is v e r ysuccessful . Al l sy st em s of the ship function no r-mally. I f ee l f ine . P lea se r e l ay my happ ies t g re e t -ings to t he en ti re population of the Soviet Union.
Khrushchev replied with a greeting telegram to Major Titov aboard the
spaceship. At 11:48 a. m. Moscow tim e, Vostok I1 completed i ts second orbit
around the Ear th .
The Third Orbit
The flight of the Soviet cosmic ship Vostok I1 continued ve ry s uccessfully
a s the spaces hip completed i t s third orbit around the Earth . A two-way ra dio
communication on sh or t -wave and ultra -sho rt-w ave ha s been maintained with the
cosmonaut .The television images received of the cosmonaut, te lem etr y information
about his well-being and conditions inside the cabin of the sp acesh ip, testif y that
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JP L AI/Translation No. 24
the flight took place in a normal manner.
and continued to c a r r y out his f l ight assignment.
Major Titov was i n ex cellent condition
During his th ird orbit , while passing ove r Europe, Major Titov broad -
cas ted g ree tin gs to the peo ples of the Soviet Union and a ll of Europe.
A t the end of the third orbit, between 12:30 and 1:OO p.m. Moscow time ,
Major Titov a te lunch.
c o u r s e s . After eating the cosmonaut reported: "1 ate lunch and f ee l excellent .
The cosmonaut's lunch consisted of th ree se pa ra te
The Fourth Orbit
During i t s four th orbi t the sp aceship-sa te l l i te passed ov er the c i t ie s of
Madrid, P a r i s , Copenhagen, Leningrad , Ulan-Ude, Shanghai, and Sidney. A s
pred eterm ined , the cosmonaut re ste d for one hour during the beginning of the
four th orbi t , engaged in some physical exercises, and then resumed the normal
activ it ies of the fl ight progr am.
At the end of th is orbi t the spaceship passed over the continent of South
Am erica , and Major Titov trans mitte d greetings to the peoples of South Am erica .
M a j o r Titov rep ort ed the fault less functioning of a l l instr ume nts aboard
For one hour the cosmonaut conducted tests of the manual guid-he spaceship .
ance sys t em.
maneuverabil i ty of the s pace ship by manual control .
Af ter completing h i s tests the cosmonaut reported the excellent
The Fifth Orbit
In se ve n flight -hours the Soviet spaceship-satell i te covered a distance of
2 0 0 , 4 0 0 km. During his f i f th orbi t Ti tov repor ted to the Ear th th ree t i me s , a s
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 2 4
De ar Moscovites: Everything is in orde r in my cabin .T he p r e s s u r e is norm al, humidity is 7070, and thetempera tu re is 18" C.I hope you fee l the sa me . Ever ythin g is going well.Everything is perfect . I would like to w i s h everybodya peaceful night. I am getting re ad y to go to sl ee pmyself right now.
I am completely comfortable.
The cosmonaut was to take t im e out for s lee p from 6:30 p. m. Moscow
time, August 6 , until 2 : O O a . m. August 7 . The two-way radio communication
with the cosmonaut was interrupted during that time. The rad io - t e l emet ry
cont rol and obse rvati on of the cosmonaut continued. The l a t e s t t e l emet ry da ta
repor ted the cosmonaut ' s pulse a t 58 beats per minute dur ing his s leep.
The Tenth Or bit
At 11:45 p. m. Moscow tim e, Vostok I1 completed i ts tenth o rb it around
the Ear th , covering a dista nce of 410, 0 00 km, which is mo re than the d is tance
to the Moon.
According to radio- te lemetry-m easurement data , the spaceship ' s ins t r u-
mentation functioned normally.
The cosmonaut's condition was excellent. A t 11 : 2 6 p. m. Moscow time,
the pulse frequency of the cosmonaut was 58 beats per minute.
The flight of the Soviet spa ces hip -sa tel lite Vostok I1 continued su cc es s -
fully.
The Twelfth Orbit
Pil ot -cosmonaut H erma n Titov completed h i s twelfth or bit around the
E a r t h a t 3 : O O a . m. Moscow time, August 7 , 1961 , covering a d istan ce of
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 24
537,300 km.
to those calculated.
The orbital para me ter s of the spacesh ip continued to rema in clo se
The cosmonau t awakened at 2:37 a . m . Moscow tim e, and began to ca r r y
out the duties of his schedule.
Major Titov repo rte d that he slept well , that the equipment aboard the
spa cesh ip operated norma lly, and that the desir ed hygienic conditions wer e
maintained insi de the cabin. He fel t excellent.
During his s lee p the cosmo naut 's pulse was 53 to 67 beats per minute .
The Fifteenth Orbit
Continuing his flight aboa rd the s pace ship -sa tel lit e Vostok 11, t he cosmo-
naut, Major Titov, began his f if teenth orbit around the Ear th a t 6 : O O a . m . Mos-
cow time . The cosmon aut 's health was excellent . At 5:45 a . m . Moscow tim e,
he a te a hear ty breakfas t , and resu med h i s duties as provided by the program.
The Sixteenth Orbi t
At 8:20 a . m. Moscow tim e, the space ship -sate ll i te Vostok I1 completed
its sixt eenth orb it around the Ea rth . The cosmonaut, Major Titov, had covered
a dis tance of 654, 800 km.
The Biograph y of a New Cosmonaut
H er m an Stephanovich Titov was born in 1935 in the villag e of Upp er
Zhilino, Kosikh insk regi on of the Altay country, the son of a high school te ac he r.
By nationality Titov is a Russ ian .
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JP L AI /Transla t ion N o . 24
In 1943 Titov enter ed the gra de school at the collective fa rm "Mayskoe
Utro" (the morning of May) in the sa m e region where his m othe r had moved af te r
the beginning of the war.
In 1950 Titov g r a d w t e d f r n m a g r d e cchnnl in the vil lage nf PnlknniknVC!
in the s a m e region, and then enter ed and graduated fr om the Malotikhinsk High
School.
In 1949 Titov became a member of the Communist Youth Organization,
Komsomol.
m a r k s ,
the t i t l e of P i lo t F i r s t C las s .
r eg ion to s e r ve in the A i r F o r c e .
Com mun ist P a r t y of the Soviet Union.
After completing all his examinations in piloting with excellent
Titov graduated fro m a military aviation school in 1957 and received
Titov was assigned then to the Leningrad m ili t ary
He is a candidate fo r mem bership in th e
Titov is ma rri ed ; his wife, Ta ma ra, was born in 1937.
Titov's father, Stepan Pavlovich, w a s bor n in 1910 and was a te ac he r of
Russ ian , Li te ra tu re , and the Ger man language at a high school in the vil lage
Polkovnikovo of the Altay country. Ti tov 's
moth er, Aleksan dra, was born in 1914.
The elder Titov ret i re d in 1961.
The Takeoff of Vostok I1
Excerpts from report by a special TASS CorrespondentA. Romanov
pe r Komsomolskaya, Pra vda, August 8, 1961
I t was a very hot day. O ur car sped smoothly over the paved highway,
cutting through the l imi tl es s f lat lands of the des ert . We passed through several
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 24
villages and townships.
the distance a number of huge str uct ur es appe ared.
could see the si lvery cigar-shaped body of a mult i -s tag e ro cket through the
m a z e nf m-eta-llic c n n t r l ~ c t i n n . Hcge g a ~ t r i e s , ently but f i r r , l y, suppzlrted
the rocket .
busily engaged in las t minute prep arat ions .
The road suddenly made a sh arp tur n, and before us in
When we ca me clo se r we
This was the launching pad. I noticed many people near the rocket
An elevato r cam e down fr om the top of the roc ke t, and a sho rt , wiry
young man jumped lightly out of i t .
g r a y t r o u s e r s .
the man who was responsible for al l prepara t io ns for the f l ight in to space .
would not have noticed the young man i n the g ra y s hi rt i f someone standing near by
had not said, "That is the cosmonaut Herman Titov. Titov had l ively gra y ey es,
and a s mi le played continuously on h i s l i p s .
y e a r s .
He was wearing a gray tennis shirt and light
He approached a group of people headed by the chief designer,
I
He didn't s ee m to be old er than 26
In the evening (August 5, 1961) , a l l prep ara t i ons were completed .
me t the ast ron aut again and had a chance to talk to him fo r a l i t t le while.
We
The morning of August 6, a hot sun hung over the endless Kirgiz Steppe,
giving a gold reflection to the s i lv ery spaces hip atop the huge m iss ile and the
s t ru c tu r es on the cosmodrom. Members of the governmental commission w ere
gath ered a t the commanding post: well -known Soviet sci en tis ts , de sig ne rs, tes t
en gin eer s, and the staff of the launching group .
men ta l commiss ion made h i s f ina l s ta tement to the pr es s : "All f l ight pr ep ara -
t ions a r e comple ted .
The chai rman of the gove rn-
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A l l person nel left the launching are a, except a few key people ne ar the
A blue bus drove up to the rocket.ocket .
walked over to the launching pad.
He rm an Titov got off the bus and
He was wearing an orange-colored spacesuit
U l l U nr l 2 h o l m o tA u L A A - u . . ,with. A * * * t h eA A U i n c o r i n t i n nA - Y V - A y"Av" flTTC'2RY Y - Y 1 1 . Afte r shaking hands i;/ith h i s c = ~ ~ -
r ades , fu tu re cosmonau t s 3 , 4, and 5, Herman Titov ente red the elev ator . At
the elevator he was met by the chairm an of the com missio n, so me sc ien tis ts and
the Chief D esig ner . They a ll hugged h im and shook hands with him .
In order to enter the e levator, Titov had to walk up a s ta ir ca s e. At the
top of the s ta ir ca se he turned around and sa id a few words of gre eting
peo ple of t he Sovie t Union.
to the
One of the s ci en ti st s handed Titov a log book. "Log Journ al of the Space-
sh ip Vostok 11" was insc ribe d on the cover.
book by a string.
fo r the top of the rock et.
The gantr ies w ere s lowly removed.
A pencil was fastened to the log
Herm an Titov ent ered the elevator, which took off immediately
We sa w Titov enter h is cabin inside the spacesh ip.
We stoo d on a spe cial platform to obs erv e the rocket take-off . The plat-
f o r m was loc ated about one and a half km f rom the rocket .
he ar everything that was taking place near the ro cket .
announced X-10 minutes.
By radio, we could
The voice ov er the radio
The ch air ma n of the governmental commissio n asked the cosmonaut about
his fee l in gs a t tha t moment .
X-1 minute . . . 10 seconds . . . 5 seconds . . . s t a r t !
1 ' 1 fe el excellent", answ ered Titov. X-5 minutes.
W e could s ee the s i lve ry rocket completely f ree d f rom i ts suppor ts ; i t
began to r i s e ve ry s lowly. I t s eem ed ex t remely s l o w to u s . It was exactly
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J P L AI /Trans lation No. 24
9 : 0 0 a. m . Moscow time. The roc ket began to take on speed and the fo rm of a
fire ball . At that moment i t se em ed as though the re w ere two Suns in the sky.
At a com parative ly low alt i tude the cosmic sh ip changed i ts co ur se somew hat,
inclined it s nose, a n i hegafi it s speedy departure tcw.ard it s ~ r b i t .
roc ket disap peared com pletely in the blue heavens.
Scan th e
The La ndi ng of Vostok I1
Herm an Ti tov landed in the Sara tov ar ea not fa r f rom the p lace where
Gaga r in had landed his spaceship , Ap r i l 1 2 , 1 9 6 1 .
Soviet, an eye witness to Titov's landing, des crib ed the event a s follows:
"T he morn ing of August 7 we heard a thundering sound coming fro m the
The C hair ma n of the Regional
sky. After a l i t t le while, we not iced the spaces hip in the c le ar sky coming in for
a landing. Nearby,members of the collective fa rm brigad e wer e working, headed
by Nikolay Andreyev. The se fa rm er s saw the spaceship , i t s landing, and the
emerg ing cosmonaut.
over to gr ee t the cosmonaut.
ca r, Herm an Ti tov was having a l ive ly conversa t ion with the fa rm er s .
f a r m e r s helped him take off his f l ight suit .
Thr ee of the far m er s grabbed the i r motorcycles and sped
When I arr iv ed at the landing point in my 'Pobeda'
The
"1 offered Titov a lift to town in my c ar . Titov told m e that he would be
with m e in a minute.
out af te r a while car ry in g a pile of pa pers and a book with a white cov er .
was his log book.
spe cia l conta in er ins ide the ship .
ship in a ma t te r of minu tes .
He went back to the space ship , en ter ed the cabin, and ca me
This
Be fo re leaving the ship, Titov took a drin k of w ater fr om the
Severa l hundred fa rm er s gathered around the
Many came on moto rcycles , t rucks , and even on
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t rac to r s .
happy. He spo ke qui te a bit about his friend , Yuri Gagarin, and hi s wife , who
is now a student in a medical school.
En route to o ur town, Titov was joking and he se em ed to be very
N ew s spr ead s quickly. When we ar ri ve d in town, the st re et s were
lined with hundreds of people who cam e to gr ee t the hero . Many of the m threw
flowers at us .
1 1
I t
llAbout an hour la ter an airplane arr ive d and Titov left f or Moscow.
(Exc erpts fr om pr es s conference at the Academy of Sciences USSRwith cosmonaut number two, Her man Titov)
Pravda, August 1 2 , 1961
At the Moscow State University on August 11, 1961, a pr es s conference
of Soviet and foreign corre spon dent s took place, dedicated to the suc ces sfu l
flight of th e seco nd spa cesh ip with a man aboard.
ize d by th e Academy of Scien ces USSR and the M inistr y of Fore ign A ff a i r s of the
Soviet Union. The Pr es id en t of the Academy, Acad emici an M. V. Keldysh,
opened the confe rence with the following speech:
The conference was organ -
Co mra des , Ladie s and Gentlemen:I
On August 6, 1961, at 9:00 a . m . Moscow tim e, the Soviet Union launched
It w a s piloted by the Soviethe sp ac es hi p Vostok I1 into an or bi t of a satell i te.
pilot-cosmonaut, Major Titov.
During a period of 24 hour s and 18 minu tes Major Titov cover ed a d i s -
tance of m o r e than 700,000 km, completing mo re than 1 7 orbi t s around the
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Ea rth , and, on August 7, 10: 18 a. m. Moscow ti m e, he executed a success fu l
landing in a predesignated region in Soviet Union te rr it or y.
The outstanding flight of th e s pac esh ip- sa tell ite Vostok I1 is a t remen-
dous achievement of Soviet scien ce and technique, and fo r the en ti re Soviet
population a s well. We have decided to put the ou tstanding achie vem ents of the
Soviet Union in rocket technique in serv ice for the peace and prog ress of man-
kind.
The fl ights of Soviet spacesh ips ar e proof that we a r e nearing the t im e
when man w i l l be able to penetrate deep into cosm ic sp ace , and to make age-
long dr ea ms about flights to the Moon, Mar s, Venus, and even dee per into the
Universe come t rue .
m y s t e r i e s of na tu re which a r e hidden in the depths of s pac e. New phenomena
which we might meet on oth er plane ts will be utilized fo r improv ing life on
Ear th .
Mankind has entered a new era in the disc ov ery of the
The s pace ship Vostok I1 rep res ent s a gre at achievem ent of scien ce and
The spa cesh ip includes al l conditions for the as su ra nc e of extendedesign.
cosmic fl ight .
fo r landing on Ear th .
sh ip ' s f l ight manually, and to maneuver i t in orbi t a s re quire d for sc ient i f ic
obse rva t ions .
point on the Earth.
It is equipped with ins tallati ons for a utom atic flight cont rol and
In addition, it is possible for the pilot to control the
The pilot has the capability of landing the sp ace shi p at any given
A continuous communication between the cosmonau t and the Ea rt h w a s
maintained. During the ent ire duration of the flight, the cosmonaut w a s con-
ver sin g with E arth, giving information about the operation of the s pa ces hip 's
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J P L AI/Transla t ion No . 24
structure and equipment, the progress of the f light prog ram, and his perso nal
observations and condition.
f rom Ear th .
tion for inv estigating conditions of cosm ic flight, and for obtaining objective
readings, and indications of the behavior of the cosmonaut.
The cosmonaut receive d continuous information
The space ship -sate ll i te was equipped with scientif ic ins tru me nta -
The flight of the s pace ship has yielded valuable scienti fic infor matio n.
After processing , this information w i l l become the prop erty of a l l scie nti sts in
the world.I I
After hi s sp eec h Pr es id en t Keldysh of the Academy of Sci ence s p re -
Following this short ceremonyented H erm an Titov with a spec ial award.
Titov describ ed his f l ight into space.
Speech by H. S. Titov
Co mr ade s, Ladie s, and Gentlemen:
t
It is difficult for m e to d es cr ib e to you the unusual things which I have
seen and exper ienced in space .
th is f l ight seem ed to be a natura l event for me, because I have been prepar ing
f o r i t f o r a long t ime , and I w a s used to it.
The difficulty con sis ts pr ima ril y of the fact that
I w i l l attempt to tel l you about my fl ight and sh ar e my imp res sio ns with
you,to the b es t of m y ability.
F i r s t of al l , I know very well that the spaceship w a s const ructed by o u r
sc ien t is ts , engineers , technic ians , and workers . I have completely studied the
ship. The spaceship, its s t ruc ture and ins t rumentat ion were repeatedly tes ted
in fl ight . Secondly, I know that a l l s yst em s which s ecu red l iving condit ions for
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a man ins ide the cabin were tes ted and re-checked dur ing numerous
exp erim ents on Eart h and in f l ight .
You probably know that my profession is that of a fighter pilot.
f l ight pract ic e on contem porary f ighter p lanes cr i t ic a l s i tua t ions unavoidably
occu r which req uir e immedia te at tention and co rre cti ve reactio n with the spe ed
of lightening.
himself; his thinking blends in with action to the point whe re i t is imposs ible to
dete rmin e which takes place f i r s t , action o r reasoning.
aboard f ighter p lanes helped me very much dur ing th is co smic f light .
tion, I w a s t ra ine d fo r this par t icu lar f l ight over an extended period of t ime.
During
A fighter pilot eventually becomes l ike a n automatic machine
Thus , the exper ience
In addi -
The rocket broke away f rom the Ear t h exact ly a t 9:00 a. m. Moscow
time. Acceleration , noise, and vibrations during the secto r of injection wer e
endu red ve ry w ell and without any trouble, and I conducted obs erva tion s through
the i l lum inato rs, followed the instru men ts, and maintained two-way communi-
cation with the Earth. After the last stage motor was shut off , weight lessness
began. The f i r s t imp ress ion ( the very f i rs t few seconds) was that I w a s flying
with my fee t up. After a few seconds , however, everything re tur ned to normal.
The Sun shone through the i l lumin ators and the re was s o much light
inside the c abin that I could tur n off the ar t if ici al i l lumination.
when the Sun did not shine directly into the illuminators, it w a s poss ib le for me
to ob se rv e simulta neou sly the Ea rth , which was illuminated by the Sun, and the
s t a r s above, which wer e sh arp and bright l i t t le points on a ve ry black sky.
At the moment
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The instrume nts indicated that the spac eshi p enter ed i ts orb it . I
received confirmation from Ear th that the spaceship w a s prec i se ly in it s calcu-
lated orbit . Consequently, I began to ca rr y out my assigne d flight pro gra m.
Snnn th e S p C P C h i p e?l terec! the Earth's shadGw. It might be Gf iiiterest
to mention that before the ship left the Ear th ' s shadow it w a s poss ib le to d is -
t inguish the Ea r th f rom the sky.
Ear th stood out in the s ky with i ts l ight grayish shade. It w a s even possible to
notice the di rec tio n of mov ement of the E ar th by following the di spla ceme nt of
thi s gray shadow. The fact that the Earth did not appe ar to be black s ee ms to
be ca used by the Moon, which reflected solar rays towards the Earth.
Where it w a s not illuminat ed by the Sun, the
While I w a s stil l in the Ear th 's shadow (at 1 O : O O a. m. Moscow time ), I
engaged the shi p 's manual-fl ight control in accord ance with the f l ight prog ram.
It w a s ve ry ea sy and convenient to guide and cont rol the ship, to or ie n-
tate the ship in any given position, and t o d i rec t it , when neces sary , at any
given mom ent.
my wil l and to m y hands.
I engaged the manual-guidance sy st em once again during the seventh orbi t.
t he sam e t ime , I conducted obser vations through the i l luminators, and main-
t aine d radio communication.
I felt that I was the ma st er of the ship. The ship responded to
According to the pro gra m for scientif ic observation s,
At
I mu st mention her e that during the ent ire f light a rel iab le two-way com-
munication with the Ear th on sh ort -waves and ultra-shortwa ves w a s maintained.
Even when the ship w a s a t it s most distant points in orb it from the USSR I w a s
still in contact with ground stations; I l i stened to the i r rep or t s and t ransmit ted
my own information to them.
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J P L AI/Transla t ion No . 24
In addition to the two-way communication instruments, a long-range
rece iver was a ls o ins ta l led aboard the spaceship . With it I l i s tened to t ra ns -
missions from Moscow and other radio stat ions.
D l ~ r i n g flight I t r a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t t e c !reetings G - < c ~ he r ad io i;o my comracies
in Moscow, the peoples of the Soviet Union, Europ e, Asia , Africa, North and
South America, and Australia.
I t was v ery in ter es t ing to observe the Ear th f ro m space . One could
dist inguish riv er s, mountains, and cultivated fields (plowed fields and fre sh ly
harv este d fields could be dist inguished by the ir coloring).
clouds w a s very good.
shadows they casted on the s ur fac e of the Ear th.
Ear th appeared in the il luminator, and this w a s a mos t in teres t ing pic ture . The
f rom the
The visibility of
They could be distinguished eas il y from snow by the
So met ime s the horizon of the
co lo rs of the Ea r t h ' s corona passed through all shades of the rainbow,
brightly i l luminated E art h to the pitch black sky.
halo. Som etimes the Ea rt h hung over my head, and I wondered, 'Wh at's hold-
ing it up t h e r e ? '
In general it was a bluish
Twice the Moon floa ted by in view of the i l luminators. It looked the
sa me f r om the Ear th--nothing s pecia l about it.
Inside the cabin norma l cl im atic condit ions were maintained during the
f l igh t. The p r es su re equal led a tmospher i c p re s su re . A normal t empera tu re
and a no rm al ga s content of the a i r were maintained.
unusual.
I could not smell anything
In other words , the a i r conditioning sys tem during the f l ight opera ted
in a n exce l l ent manner.
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I ate lunch about 12:30 p. m. , and during my six th orbit I ate dinn er. In
or der to be honest , I must say t h a t I did not have any spe cial appe tite, probably
the result of the extended condition of weightlessness and a cer tai n amount of
excitement. The flight p r q r a m , hc!wever, hac! tc! h e m r r i e d G u t , 2E.1 I ate.
I also had to use the to ilet instal lat ion aboard the spaces hip a few tim es. This
instal lat ion operated normally.
During the seventh and twelfth or bit s I w a s supposed to sleep .
I did not sl ee p continuously.
This I
I awakened sometimes.car r ie d out accura te ly.
Finally I fe l l deeply asleep. I even overs lept the t ime for m y shor t -wave com -
munication, which w a s supposed to begin a t 2 : O O a . m. Moscow tim e. I awak-
ened at the beginning of the thirt eenth o rbit.
During the flight I took som e physical exe rci ses , and made a l l kinds of
se l f observat ion as pres cr ibe d by our medical doctors .
The automa tic landing complex which sec ur ed the descent and landing of
the spaceship at the predesignated region was activated during the 17th orb it .
Completely automatic systems of orientations, activation of braking moto rs,
guidance and descent were utilized in this flight, jus t a s i n the f i r s t manned
sp ace flight. However, i f necessa ry, I would have been ab le to land the ship
safe ly wi th my manual control .
The spaceship w a s or iented , the braking motor ( re t ro -roc ket ) was ac t i -
vated, and the spac eship entered the descent trajector y. I did not cover up the
blinds of the i l luminato r before the descent, and therefore I w a s able to observ e
with grea t in te re st the bri ght illumination of the a i r , which enveloped the space-
ship dur ing it s re -e nt ry in to the dense layers of the a tmosphere . The colo rs of
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JPL AI /Translatio n No. 2 4
effects of w eigh tles sne ss and other f act or s on the body of a man dur ing the
per iod of t ime req uired to c i rc le the Ea r th once .
Titov, the possibility of a day-long life cycle w a s studied.
t i o n of t h e physical body and i t s separa te phys io logica l s y s t e m s w e r e i nves t i -
gated. The cos mo nau t 's abil i ty to work was studied with reg ar d to contro l of
the spaceship, and it s sy st em s which maintained conditions for l ife activity, and
al so the individual means which s ecu red flight safety.
le ss ne ss to which the man was subjected ove r a period somewhat longer than a
day,were investigated f i r s t of a l l during the space flight of the ship.
During the flight of H erm an
The general condi-
The effects of weight-
It should be mentioned tha t the flight of Titov w a s conducted at a period
when the rad iation background i n spa ce was mo st favorable.
our physic is ts , as t r ono mer s , and biologis ts , who predic ted so la r erupt ions by
opt ica l observat ions of s ola r ac t iv i t ies , and radia t ion res ea rc h by di rec t sound-
ings of the st ra tos ph er e made this possible. Al l sys tem s which a s su red neces -
s a ry cond it ions fo r a man aboard a spaceship for a ten-day co smic f l ight were
provided. A lot of work w a s conducted before the flight on the operation of the
ins t rum ents , and thorough prepara t ion and t ra in ing for the f l ight w a s given to
the cosmonaut.
T he r e s e a r c h of
Pr e l i mi na ry re su l ts of sc ient i f ic inves tigations g ive a basis to conclude
that the f l ight w a s successful .
conditio ns in the cabin of the sp aceship .
A l l sys tem s aboard mainta ined the nece ssa ry
P r e s s u re ins ide the cabin equal led one a tmosphere ; the tempe ratu re
v a r i ed f r o m 10 to 22"C , and w a s regulated i n accord anc e with the body heat of
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JP L AI/Transla t ion N o . 24~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
During hi s co smic f l ight Titov car r ie d out a ll necessa ry na tu ra l
functions: he ate, slep t , and made us e of the sa ni tar y instal lat ions without any
difficult ies.
I t is very important to mention that the extended conditions of weightless-
ne ss had c er ta in effec ts on the ves t ibular sys tem which w e r e a t t imes expressed
by unpleasant sensatio ns l ike vomiting, etc.
retu rne d to h is origina l position and did not execute any sh ar p motions with his
head, all thes e indicated sensa tions disappeared alm ost completely. I t is pos -
sible that this resulted from individual peculiari t ies of Herman Titov's physical
s t r u c t u r e .
r eq u i r e s fu r the r s tudy.
However, when the cosmonaut
The refo re, the s tat e of a man in condit ions of weightlessness
After s lee p these changes decre ased considerably, and af ter the ac t iva-
tion of t he bra kin g sys tem , they d isappea red completely.
co sm ic flight, Her man Titov did not have any il l effects in his health; al l phys-
iological functions were on the level of original data.
w a s pre se r ved comple te ly.
After completing his
Tito v's abil i ty to work
The re su lt s of this f l ight enriched Soviet scie nce , part icul arly cosmic
biology and medicine, with much new scientific data, which a r e being pr oc es se d
cur ren t ly.
I1- e re ca r r i e d out comple tely.The prog ram of scientif ic investigations aboard the spaceship Vostok
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Radio Communications Earth - Vostok I1
Speech by V . A . Kotelnikov
Comm unications with the spa cesh ip Vostok I1 w e r e a.ccomplished hy
The ins trumenta t ion requirements f or radio communicat ions were veryadio .
high, becau se ext reme ly rel iab le communications needed to be maintained with
the cosmonaut at al l t imes during his f light .
and ve ry light in weight, and re qu ir ed a low power supply.
Tran smis s ion f rom the spaceship to Ear t h was accompl ished wi th two
Instrumentatio n had to be compact
parallel-operating short-wave telegraph-telephone transmitters which operated
with an amplitude regulation. The frequency of these tra ns mi tte rs was 15.765
and 20.006 mc, and they operated through special dividing filters on a common
antenna .
During the f l ight over the Soviet Union, the tran sm iss ion fro m the sp ace -
sh ip was conducted with the help of a third ultra-s hort -wa ve tra ns mit ter .
Ul t r a-sh or t -waves mainta ined par t icular ly re l iable communicat ion, s inc e thei r
prop agati on did not depend upon the conditions of the ionized la y er s of a tm os -
phere, and they wer e not subjected to disturbances fro m other stat ions .
ever, thes e waves curved the Ear t h very poor ly and, there fore , for the purpose
of comm unication over v ery la rg e distances, wer e not convenient.
quency of the u l t ra-shor t -wave t rans mit te r was 143.625 mc.
How-
T h e f r e -
Th i s t r ansmi t t e r
op era ted with a fr eque ncy modulation in a band of *30 kc over a s pec ial antenna.
Messag es f rom thes e t ransmi t ters were received by receiving s ta t ions located
throughout the Soviet Union. In addit ion, r epo rts indicate that sign als fr om
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 24
the t ransm iss i ons f rom Ea r th over three dynamic sp ea ke rs in the cabin .
this purpose, however, he had to take off his helmet.
F o r
An ' 'automatic sten ogr aph er" in the f or m of a t a pe r e c o r d e r w a s a l s o
located i n i d e the cabin. Th e tape r e c c r d e r W ~ S L'iriizd oil aiitomiliicaiiy every
t im e the cosmonaut began to talk. When the s paces hip pas sed over the Soviet
Union, thes e recordin gs were t ransmit ted to Ear th by the u l t ra-shor t -w ave
t r a n s m i t t e r , for economical rea so ns , using a speed step-up of sev en t ime s.
In addition to the instru mentatio n for radio, telephone, and tele gra ph communi-
cat ions , the spaceship was a ls o equipped with te levis ion ins t rum ents , which
tra ns mi tte d ima ges of the cosmonaut to Earth.
we re uti l ized aboard the spaceship: one with a nar row band (uti l ized
aboard spacesh ips dur ing e a r l i e r f l igh ts ) which t r ansmi t t e d images with a r e s o -
luti on of one hundred lin es , and one new sy st em of wide-band TV, which secured
a res olu tion of four hundred l ines. The lat ter sy ste m wa s t e s te d f o r th e first
t im e dur ing th is fl ight. In both sys tem s ten f ra me s per second were t ran s-
mitted. Each t e l evi s ion sys t e m w a s equipped with its own telev ision t r a n s -
mit ter, opera t in g in the u l t ra-shor t -wave range. TV r ecep t ion w a s conducted
a t se ve ra l points in the Soviet Union.
spec ia l t e l ev i s ion sc r een s and recorded on f i lm s in sychonization with physio-
logical function data.
f l ight al lowing conditions of weigh tlessne ss to be obse rve d and rec ord ed.
He rm an Titov evaluated the complicated ra dio ins trumen tation highly,
Two television instal lat ions
.
On Earth , images were moni tored on
Both sy s te ms opera ted completely no rmal ly dur ing the
making the following stat eme nt at Red Square aft er his return: "Radio
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communications operated s o well that during the en tir e du rati on of flight, at
any point of my orbit, I could mai ntai n contact with my beloved Fa the rla nd. I'
Pr el i mi nar y f l ight experiments made it possible to check out and te st
coixipieieiy iie of coKIK,-ar~cz~~orl v-e'r sklort-waves u:ti-a-short=
waves, to dete rmi ne the effects of acoustic al noise during the accel erat ion se c-
tor, to te st legibili ty, to evaluate the effect of th e mo tor s in ope rati on on the
pass ing radio waves, to determin e the possibil i ty of simultaneous operation of
both the rec ei ve rs and tra nsm itt er s during the fl ight, etc.
The work i n rad io communication with the cosmonaut proved that it is
enti rely possible to maintain communications even at long distances. When our
Soviet men a r e able to f ly to the nea res t p lanets , they wil l be able to ta lk t o
the Fat herl and with full ass ur an ce and keep television contact with us.
Answers to Questions
T he pr es id en t of Academy of Sciences, M. B. Keldysh, sa id that he
rec eive d two questions,and he would t r y to a nsw er them.
First question: The Soviet Government ha s announced that the sp ac e-
ships have a peaceful mission. The question is: Wil l the pres enc e of foreign
cor resp onde nts be p erm itte d during launchings of spac eshi ps in the Soviet Union
a s they a r e in the United States of Ame rica ?
Answer: They wi l l ; of c o u r se they will . We a r e doing everything that is
poss ib le to c a r r y out this promise . However, you wil l understan d that the
c a r r ie r rock et has o ther potentia ls than peaceful miss ions . If the Americans
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 24
had perfec ted such ca r r ie r rock ets , they would a l so have not permit te d fore ign
corres pond ents t o view them.
We a r e doing everything th at is in our power to u t il i ze these ca r r i e r
rocke t s for science a n i peace.
achieve a gener a l and to ta l d isarmament . In tha t case, th er e would be no obsta -
W e re d g h g e-.rer;.tbir?- 6 that is pcss ib l r t o
c le s fo r sc i ence.
Ano ther question: What w i l l be the nature of the next cosmic flight?
Answer: Our sc ien tis ts and design ers work along a broad p rogram,
They work towar d the fu rth er development of o rb it al flights. Their objectives
a r e f l ights to the nea res t p lanets .
nec ess a ry to inc r eas e the f l ight pe riod.
ets and cosm ic ships mo re perfec t . When a ll c u r r e n t d a ta is studied and ana -
lyzed proper ly, w e w i l l know exactly the nature of ou r next f l ight.
It is understood that for this purpose it is
It is n e c e s s a r y a l s o t o ma ke o u r r o c k -
N ow Herman Titov will answer questions.
Herman Titov Replies to Questions By Correspondents
Question: Does a pilot experience a l ightness and opt imism in a s t a te of
we igh t l e s sness ?
Answer: I have alre ad y mentioned i n my sp eech that the st ate of weight-
le ss ne ss does not affec t the mood of the pilot. I w a s i n a happy mood durin g the
flight, but I don't think that thi s w a s the effect of weigh tlessne ss. On the con-
t r a r y , I think that this w a s a re su lt of my unusu al situation, unusual as fa r as
w e o n E a r t h a r e c o nc er ne d.
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Question: Tel l us , p lease , how were you ab le to awaken fro m you r
s l eep a t an a lmo s t p rede te rmined moment?
Answer: I had a pr og ra m to fulfill, and a cosmona ut ' s schedule dur ing
Evei-y liiliiiite of t;r?;e had t o behe prepara t ion fo r a fiighi; w a s v e r y s t r i c t .
accounted for.
fligh t period. However, as you alr ea dy know, I ove rsl ept by 35 minutes .
I got used t o this schedule. I accounted fo r ev er y minute of my
Question: In what position did you sleep, si t t ing o r lying down?
Answer: I mu st s ay that under conditions of w eightlessness i t is v e r y
difficult to de ter min e the position in which one is-- sit tin g, lying down, o r s t and-
ing up. For tha t reason, I am unable to answer th is ques tion.
Question: T h e r e e x i s t s a so-called 24-hour biological cycle in a human ' s
l i fe . This cycle w a s broken during the flight.
you? Could you tell us what effect it would have had on your physical stat e i f
the ex per im ent would have continued for a mo re extended period of t i me ?
What effec ts did th is have on
Answer: I have a l read y repo r ted that the rhythm of life was not dis-
tor ted .
them.
of time.
we accomplished it duri ng one day.
The prog ram of my activit ies was de term ined on Ear th, and I followed
I ca n te ll you now that the flight could have continued fo r a longer period
The f l ight pro gram w a s s e t u p f o r a one-day duration, and that is why
Question: You re po rte d that you took s om e physical ex erc ise aft er your
What d id these exe rc i ses cons i s t o f? How did they help you?
Answer: I t has been said m a ny t i m es a l r e a d y in o u r p r e s s , a s well a s
This is
s leep.
abroad, tha t a cosmonaut must be a well-developed man physically.
nat ura l beca use the unusual conditions of a cosmic f l ight requ ire grea t physica l
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J F L AI/Transla t ion No. 2 4
effor ts f ro m a cosmonaut.
exe rc ise s and what they did for m e is self-explanatory.
gr am for physical ex er ci se s was developed by doc tors and physical education
instn?cters
ca rr ie d out th is progra m completely.
I think that your question about my physical
A prede te rmined p r o -
having i n IEind the cenditiens i n s idz the cabin &iring 8 flight. I
Question: Could you give so me advice o r informat ion to American cos -
monauts ?
Answer: Of course i t ' s difficult to give advice, beca use we a r e al re ad y
conducting manned or bit al flights.
I can, however, wish them s uc ce ss in the peaceful conquest of sp ace .
We are in no position to give them advice.
Question: Do you think that your spaceship Vostok I1 is capable of long
dis tance cosmic f l ights?
I '
Answer: How should I in te rp re t the expre ssi on long distance cos mi c
fl ig ht s? " My flight would have cov er ed the dis tan ce to the Moon and back. If
we keep thi s in mind, then i t is possible to fly a s f a r a s one l ikes.
f l ights to o ther p lanets , I mu st an sw er that the s pac esh ip Vostok I1 w a s desig-
nated for o rbi tal f l ights.
Question: Could Vostok I1 c a rr y two men on an orbi ta l f l ight?
Answer: In prin ciple , yes , of cour se. However, the spac eship w as
A s f o r
designed only for one man.
Question: You s a id tha t you could have landed Vostok I1 a t any given
point on the E ar th ' s surfa ce .
bomb al so to any point on the E ar th ' s sur face ?
Does that mean that you could have delivered a
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JPL AI/Translation No. 24
( A voice f r o m the audience asked the following: Who as ke d that
ques t ion? I)
H er ma n Titov: New York He ral d Tribun e. What ca n I sa y? On nume r-
~ 11 . c . i c~as ic f i s he Se..~iet G e ~ / e r p - z e ~ t as ~ ; o i ~ t e ddt that Soviet izvest@tioLis
of spa ce s er ve only peaceful purposes .
However, as long as we a r e talking about it , I might t el l you confidentially that
the spa cesh ip Vostok I1 is not equipped for ca rry ing bombs.
I think that everybody knows tha t .
Question: After his orb ital f l ight, Yuri Gagarin mentioned hi s fr iend
1 1
and called him Cosmonaut 11.
mind.
f r iends , cosmonauts No. 3 , 4, etc. ?
Now the entire world knows that he had you in
Could you tel l the Hungarian re ad er s about the pers ona l quali t ies of your
Answer: You can draw som e conclusions by yours elf now. Yuri Gagarin
You ca n probably ima gine who the o the ralked about me. Now you can s e e me.
cosmonauts a re . I can te l l you, however, that my cosmonaut com rad es ar e a ll
outstanding boys.
wil l conduct themselves just a s well as I did and maybe bett er in ca rry ing out
the i r a s s ignment s .
They a r e all fu lly prepared f or cosmic f lights . I think they
Question: Recently th er e were explosions and per tuba tion s on the Sun,
Each August the E ar th pa ss es through a meteor shower.
danger of your f l ight ?
Answer: Pr of es so r Yazdovsky reported that the radiation background
Did th is in crea se the
w a s comple tely norm al and my fl ight w a s t racked ve ry thoroughly.
I did not exp ect any unexpected events.
There fo re ,
In case of an emergency, I could have
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JPL AI/Trans la t ion No. 24
landed the s hip a t any point on Ear th.
addition, the spa ces hip Vostok I1 w a s protected f ro m radia t ion.
There w a s no s pec ia l danger. In
Question: Did you use a for k and spoon for eating your food? What did
v n i i hawe f o r dinner ?./-- --.
Answer: I did not have to us e any sp ecia l technique fo r eating. My din-
ne r c ons iste d of sp ec ial food which w a s prepared by our sc ien t i s t s , an d it w a s
contained i n tubes.
w a s the en tir e feeding operation.
I had to squeeze it out from the tubes and swallow. This
Question: Were the re any photographs taken of the Ea rt h f rom aboard
the spacesh ip ?
Answer: I took a s imp le re po rt er 's movie cam er a lfKonvas 'l with me. I
took se ve ra l f i lm s f rom aboard the spaceship .
a r e being p rocessed .
they w i l l come out.
take p icu t res and f i lms of the beautiful view.
At the pre sen t t ime, my f i lm s
I am not much of a photographer and I don't know how
I think that a profes sional photographer should go up and
With this, the press conference adjourned.
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JPL A I / Tr a n s l a t i o n No. 24
Fig. 1. Major He rm an Ti tov.
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JPL AI /Trans l a t i on No. 24
Fig. 2. Herm an Ti tov in h i s spac es u i t b e f o r e f l igh t of Vostok 11.
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JPL AI/Translation No. 2 4
HH
A0
CR+
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JPL A I / Tr a n s l a t i o n No. 2 4
- -_ . I ______I_ I__
Fig. 5. Photo taken by H. Titov through por thole .S t a r s a r e v i si b le o v er E a r t h ' s h o ri zo n.
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JP L AI/Trans l a t ion No. 24
Fig. 6. Photo taken by H. Titov through porthole of Vostok 11.A r iver junct ion is v i s i b l e .
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Fig . 7 . P h o t o of Himalayan Mountains take n by H. Titov throughporthole of Vostok 11. Not ice pa r t of spacesh ip ' s an t enna .
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JPL A I / Tr a n s l a t i o n N o. 24
Fig . 8. I l l umina to r (pe r i s cope ) ' lVzo r l ' . Main pe r i s co pe in cab inof Vostok 11. A r r o w s indica te f l ight d i rec t ion .
Not ice c loud format ion . Photo taken byH. Titov during f l ight .
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JP L A I / Tr a n s l a t i o n No. 24
Fig. 9. This drawing , which rep re se nt s the f l igh t ofVostok I with Y ur i Gagar in ab oard , w a s m a d e byCosmonaut 111, the next in l ine Sovie t cosmonaut
to a t t emp t a cos mic f light . The background isbased on photos taken by Herman Ti tov du r ing
of September 1 7 , 1961.his f l igh t . Th i s d r awing appea red i n P rav da
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JP L AI/Trans l a t ion No. 24
+cd
HH
A0
m+
cw0
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JPL AI/Transla t ion No. 2 4