Post on 14-Feb-2016
description
The European Scientific Revolution in Global
PerspectiveReadings: http
://faculty.fullerton.edu/nfitch/history110b/scitech.html
China
European Science Was related to the
Greeks Much of it was
preserved in Alexandria by people from the Middle East
Euclid –worked on geometry
European Science (continued) Ptolemy worked in
Astronomy He was heavily
influenced by Babylonian Astronomy
Galen worked in Medicine.
All incorporation of Mesopotamian sources into Greek sources
Middle Ages
Science of Ancient World was preserved by Islamic Scholars
Islamic Societies are known as the great Synthesizers
Decimal System was from India
Paper came from China which meant math could now be done on paper
Mathematics and Science Al-Khwarizmi was a
central Asian mathematician and philosopher.
Trigonometry came from India
Fibonacci studied Persian texts
New Information Copernicus’ model of
lunar motion same as Ibn al-Shatir (Damascus, 1375)
Copernicus’ descriptions of motions of other planets same as two people—Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (Damascus, 1266) and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (Mongol, Central Asia 1274
What happened? Europe began to see and think differently than
the rest of the world Development of Perspective Drawing, which was
critical for machine making.
Brunelleschi was an Italian artist who studied Arab science.
Alberti, another Italian artist, in 1453 developed math and geometry of linear perspective.
Leonardo Da Vinci Think of him as an
artist however he studied everything in order to paint it.
He saw himself as more of an engineer than a painter.
He used perspective to draw machines.
Rise of Science in EuropeBrought sciences and artisans together in
Royal-sponsored Scientific AcademiesThe rise of the “Public Sphere”Ultimately led to application of science to
technical problems.New machines came to be and new
sources of power.These new things lead to more advanced
weapons and other tools.
Scientific Inventions
Advanced Weapons
What was the response After Newton, science in Europe was not as linked to
religion as it once was.
Islamic Societies had a hard time with the new science. It was not consistent with the Qu’ran like Greek science. But, the idea of the sun at the center of the universe was not a crisis as it was for Western Europe
Arab science lags behind western science into the 19th century largely because of influence of conservative ulama, who believed God punishing Arabs for seeking the secrets of divine truth.
What was the response in China?
Jesuits like Ricci tried to impress the Chinese with mechanical toys, European science, and clocks
Chinese were not interested in western science or technology. They did not see the point to it –though they let Jesuits run their observatories because of the accuracy of their astronomical predictions
KaozhengNew Chinese intellectual movement of the
Qing Dynasty“Seek truth from facts”Precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis to
understand any problemRevival of ancient Chinese mathematical texts
Partly to show that Western science derived from traditional Chinese mathematics
Japan’s Response
“Eastern Ethics and Western Science”
Allowed Dutch one trading port—imported many European books, especially science, medicine, and mathematics
They recognized the significance of western science and technology, but understood it in the context of a Confucian culture