The Environment Change of School Architecture in Kushiro

Natsuki FUKAYO Takeo NISHIZAWA Department of architecture Kushiro National College of Technology

Key words: Architectural planning,20 century, School environment

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Out Line

Introduction

Where Kushiro is

Three schools Environment

Competition of three schools

Conclusion

Introduction

Clarification of Local Architecture are important to indicate modern architecture.

But

There is no research report about Kushiro schools.

In this work

Research about *Kushiro girls’ high school *Kushiro elementary school *Otanoshike elementary school

Comparing environment of three schools

Considering transition of three schools

About Kushiro

N43°

E144

Subarctic zoneHeavy Snowfall Area

Climatic Main IndustryPulp and paperFishery

Age [year]1910

Tem

pera

ture

[de

g. C

]

y=0.0193x-36.427

y=0.0126x-19.037

Ave. temperatureAve. temperature approximate lineMin. temperatureMin. temperature approximate line

1925 1950 1975 2000

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Three schools

Kushiro girls’ high school (KGHS)

Kushiro elementary school (KES)

Otanoshike elementary school 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

(OES)

Kushiro girls’ high school

Built in 1920sWestern-style designTwo-stories wooden building with hip roofThe only girls’ high school in eastern Hokkaido

Kushiro girls’ high school

*A classroom area was 64.8m2.*U shaped-type plan and side corridor

　　　 shaped-plan.

Kushiro elementary school

Built in 1970s Three-stories and side-corridor types Made by reinforced concretePillars on the outer walls

Kushiro elementary school

Three-stories and side-corridor type.Made by reinforced concrete.

Otanoshike elementary school

Built in 1990sTwo-storiesSpecial characteristic: Tower clockSquare hipped roofUniversal design

Otanoshike elementary school

Open school type

Classrooms

Windows side

Black board

Separator

Comparison

Window

KGHS : Window area 10.7 / flat area 64.8 =0.17 < 1/5KES : Window area 13.5 / flat area 63 =0.21 > 1/5OES : Window area 13.3 / flat area 64 =0.21 > 1/5

KGHS : Wooden buildingKES : Reinforced Concrete OES : Reinforced Concrete

Heat insulator shortage in this wall.

Lighting

Insulation

Construction

Comparison

KGHS : Steam RadiatorKES : Too Small Two HeatersOES : Two Panel Heaters

Universal design

KGHS : Not InstalledKES : Added some facilities

OES : Installed

Warmness

Welfare

Heating system

Comparison

School-planningKGHS : U Shaped-Type Plan and Side Corridor Shaped-Plan

KES : Side-Corridor Type OES : Open School Type, Two-stories

KGHS :Western designKES :Pillars on the outer wallsOES :Having Tower clock

Modern style

Designing

Conclusions

Importance appearance designing were attached .

Designs-Old days-

That one were NOT attached so much. -Now days-

Inside idea and designing for students were increased.

Education EnvironmentStudent studied in Terrible environment and no welfare.

-Old days- -Now days-

Building built recently have had great environment.Old building which existing have added some components of universal design.

Opinion

Midori elementary school

Before

After

●Energy saving of appliance, light and soon●Solar panel●Wind power generation●Cellulose Fiber insulation

Ideas

Thank you for listening!