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Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 1

The Course of Emotion in Three Centuries of German Text

A Methodological Framework

Sven Buechel1, Johannes Hellrich1,2 and Udo Hahn1

2 Graduate School ’The Romantic Model’

http://www.modellromantik.uni-jena.de

Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

1 Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab

http://www.julielab.de

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 2

Motivation: Emotion in the Humanities

http://www.br.de/telekolleg/faecher/deutsch/literatur/goethe-weimarer-klassik-100.html

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laokoon-Gruppe

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Schrei

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 3

Resource Problem in Sentiment Analysis

Contemporary Resources Historical Resources

?

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Methodological Framework

lexicon

lexiconadapt+expand applyforemotionanalysis

modern historicallyadapted

historicaltext

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 5

Methods

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Representing Emotion: VAD

−1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

●●

Anger

SurpriseDisgust

Fear

Sadness

Joy

Valence

(displeasure—pleasure)

Dominance

(incontrol—

beingcontrolled)

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Emotion Lexicons

• Lexical resources

• Store emotion values of individual words

• Many lexicons available from psychology

Lemma Valence Arousal Dominance

sunshine 8.1 5.3 5.4

terrorism 1.6 7.4 2.7

calm 6.9 1.7 7.4

(Warriner etal.,2013)

(1-to-9scales)

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Lexicon Expansion

mouse

filth rat computer keyboard

• Automatic expansion based on Seed

• Turney-Littman-Algorithm:

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Measuring Similarity: Word Embeddings

• Dominant approach to similarity

• Dense, low-dimensional vectors as word representation

• Most common: word2vec (SGNS) (Mikolov et al., 2013)

• SVDPPMI supposedly better suited for humanities (Levy et al.,

2015, Hellrich & Hahn, 2016)

Ø Johannes’ talk for details!(Friday, 9am, LP-26)

read

listen

novel

poem

opera

song

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 10

Classical Expansion Methodology

contemp.corpus

contemp.embeddings expansion

contemp.expandedlexicon

contemp.lexicon

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Modifications to Expansion Methodology

historicalembeddings expansion

expanded+adaptedLexicon

contemp.lexicon

historical.corpus

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Intuition of Temporal Adaptation (Before)

mouse

filth rat computer keyboard

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Intuition of Temporal Adaptation (After)

mouse

filth rat computer keyboard

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Experiments I(Lexicon Induction)

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Methodological Framework

lexicon

lexiconadapt+expand applyforemotionanalysis

modern historicallyadapted

historicaltext

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Resources

• Seed Lexicon:– ANGST (Schmidtke et al. (2014)

– A thousand German word-emotion pairs– Well established acquisition methodology

• Target corpus:– Deutsches Textarchiv (DTA) [“German Text Archive”]– Balanced and manually transcribed – Rich meta-data (e.g., genre and subgenre)

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Target Corpus: DTAIm DTA verfügbare Werke

nach Genre und Dekade

Belletristik Gebrauchsliteratur Wissenschaft

1601ff.

1611ff.

1621ff.

1631ff.

1641ff.

1651ff.

1661ff.

1671ff.

1681ff.

1691ff.

1701ff.

1711ff.

1721ff.

1731ff.

1741ff.

1751ff.

1761ff.

1771ff.

1781ff.

1791ff.

1801ff.

1811ff.

1821ff.

1831ff.

1841ff.

1851ff.

1861ff.

1871ff.

1881ff.

1891ff.

1901ff.

0

50

100

150Werke

Documents

1600s 1700s 1800s 1900s

AcademiaFunctionalBelleslettres

• 1st third shows different genre distribution

• Individual decades comprise too little text

Ø Aggregate 30-years slices

Ø Select 1690-1899 (~ 1k documents, 7 slices)

http

://www.deutsches-te

xtarchiv.de/doku/textauswahl

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Target Corpus: DTAIm DTA verfügbare Werke

nach Genre und Dekade

Belletristik Gebrauchsliteratur Wissenschaft

1601ff.

1611ff.

1621ff.

1631ff.

1641ff.

1651ff.

1661ff.

1671ff.

1681ff.

1691ff.

1701ff.

1711ff.

1721ff.

1731ff.

1741ff.

1751ff.

1761ff.

1771ff.

1781ff.

1791ff.

1801ff.

1811ff.

1821ff.

1831ff.

1841ff.

1851ff.

1861ff.

1871ff.

1881ff.

1891ff.

1901ff.

0

50

100

150Werke

Documents

1600s 1700s 1800s 1900s

AcademiaFunctionalBelleslettres

• 1st third shows different genre distribution

• Individual decades comprise too little text

Ø Aggregate 30-years slices

Ø Select 1690-1899 (~ 1k documents, 7 slices)

http

://www.deutsches-te

xtarchiv.de/doku/textauswahl

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Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 19

Affective Course of Sünde [Sin]

• Strong increase in Valence since onset of Enlightenment

• Backing up our findings with corpus linguistics…

1705 1735 1765 1795 1825 1855 1885

−4

−2

0

2

4

Year

Stan

dard

Dev

iatio

ns

● ●● ●

●●

●●

● ●

●● ●

●●

● ●

●●

ValenceArousalDominance

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Top 10 Collocations for Sünde [Sin]

RankLemmaandTranslation

1690s 1890s

1 todt- death(prefixuse) Lamm lamb

2 Erzürnung infuriation hinwegnehmen totakeaway

3 läßlich minor(clerical) Verzeihung forgiveness

4 beichten toconfess Ausschweifung excess

5 Nachlaß abatement Gotte god

6 Grobheit crudeness Schande shame

7 verschweigen toconceal Reue repentance

8 beweinen tobeweep Ärgernis nuisance

9 pichen topitch Laster vice

10 beichten toconfess aufrichtig sincere

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Experiments II(Application to Historical Text)

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 22

Methodological Framework

lexicon

lexiconadapt+expand applyforemotionanalysis

modern historicallyadapted

historicaltext

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

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Sentence-Level Emotion Prediction: JEMAS

Available: https://github.com/JULIELab/JEmAS

(Buechel&Hahn,ECAI2016)

(sunshine,<8,3,5>)

(terrorism,<2,7,3>)

(calm,<7,2,7>)

fulltext

documentslinguistic

normalization

BOW

representation

wordemotion lexicon

VADscore

calculation

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 24

Distinction of DTA Main Classes

Belles LettresAcademic

−8 −4 0 2 4

−4−2

02

Valence

Arousal

−4 −2 0 2

−40

24

ArousalD

omin

ance

−8 −4 0 2 4

−40

24

Valence

Dom

inance

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 25

Distinction between Principal Literary Forms

−8 −4 0 2 4

−4−2

02

Valence

Arousal

LyricNarrativesDrama

−4 −2 0 2

−40

24

Arousal

Dom

inan

ce

−8 −4 0 2 4

−40

24

ValenceDom

inance

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 26

Distinction of Academic Subclasses

−8 −4 0 2 4

−4−2

02

Valence

Arousal

−8 −4 0 2 4

−40

24

Valence

Dom

inance

−4 −2 0 2

−40

24

ArousalD

omin

ance

LawPhilosophyMathematicsTechnologyPhysics

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Development of Literary Forms (1690-1719)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 28

Development of Literary Forms (1720-1749)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 29

Development of Literary Forms (1750-1779)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 30

Development of Literary Forms (1780-1809)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 31

Development of Literary Forms (1810-1839)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 32

Development of Literary Forms (1840-1869)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1−3

−11

3

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 33

Development of Literary Genres (1870-1899)

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

13

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

−4 0 2

−3−1

1

Valence

Arousal

−4 0 2−3

−11

3

Valence

Dom

inance

−3 −1 1

−3−1

13

Dominance

Arousal

●Lyric Narrative Drama

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 34

Conclusion

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 35

Conclusion

• Methodological framework for quantifying emotion in non-contemporary text

• Combination of temporally-specific lexicon expansion and lexicon-based emotion analysis

• Application to German historical corpus as proof of concept

• Qualitative validation on word and text level

Ø Genres show distinct and dynamic emotional patterns!

Ø Resources available: https://github.com/JULIELab/HistEmo

Digital Humanities 2017 August9,2017,Montreal,Canada

Sven Buechel, Johannes Hellrich and Udo Hahn TheCourseofEmotioninThreeCenturiesofGermanText 36

The Course of Emotion in Three Centuries of German Text

A Methodological Framework

Sven Buechel1, Johannes Hellrich1,2 and Udo Hahn1

2 Graduate School ’The Romantic Model’

http://www.modellromantik.uni-jena.de

Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

1 Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab

http://www.julielab.de