Post on 21-Aug-2019
The Concise Na’vi Dictionary v. 14.0
Compiled by Mark Millerwww.LearnNavi.org
Last updated: June 9th, 2019
This is a Na’vi Dictionary, without derivations to help searching. Bold indicates Na’viword. Italics indicate English definition. Plain text indicates grammatical categorization: pa-rentheses indicate further notes. We have included mid-dots in the IPA to mark where infixesare to be placed, where t«pre-first»«1»ar«2»on are the positions. Proper nouns have been ca-pitalized. Knowledge of lenition processes, including vowel reduction and ellision, will beassumed. Note also that variants, where specified, are subject only to personal preference.
Abbreviations:
– = morpheme boundary+ = leniting morpheme boundary<> = infix morphemeadj. = adjectiveadp. = adpositionadv. = adverbconj. = conjunctionc.w. = compound worddem. = demonstrativeintj. = interjectioninter. = interrogativen. = noun
nfp. = not for peoplenum. = numberofp. = only for peoplepart. = particlepn. = pronounprop.n. = proper nounv. = verbsvin. = stative intransitive verbvtr. = transitive verbvin. = intransitive verbvim. = intransitive modal verbvtrm. = transitive modal verb
Sources
We have sourced every word as best as we could. This sourcing is placed in a subscript after theIPA transcription and reveals the source of each word. For historical interest, this dictionarywas originally based on an initial list of around 500 words provided by Dr. Frommer in earlyMarch, 2010. As the language has continued to develop, additional vocabulary has been addedas it appears in communications from Dr. Frommer via his blog and emails. Dr. Frommer hassolicited the LearnNavi.org community to help come up with new vocabulary via the LexicalExpansion Project. This project continues and many suggested words now appear in the canonlexicon presented in this dictionary. Other sources are words modified by unproductive affixesthat are included here if Dr. Frommer has used them and words that have a modified semanticmeaning due to a productive affix. Order of canonicity, from most to least:
• PF = Dr. Paul Frommer• M = The Movie
1
• JC = James Cameron• G = the Avatar Games• ASG = The Survival Guide
P
’a’aw: ["Pa.Paw] PF adj. a few, several (Usedwith countable nouns in the singular form)
’akra: ["Pak.Ra] PF n. soil (fertile)’aku: ["P·a.k·u] PF vtr. remove, take away, take off’al: [P·al] PF vtr. waste’ali’ä: [Pa."liP.æ] PF n. collar / choker’ampi: ["P·am.p·i] PF vtr. touch’ana: ["Pa.na] PF n. hanging vine’ango: ["Pa.No] PF adj. soft (of a sound)’anla: ["P·an.l·a] PF vtr. yearn for’are: ["Pa.RE] PF n. poncho, cape, shawl’asap: ["Pa.sap^] PF n. sudden shock’asap si: ["Pa.sap s·i] PF vin. be shocked, be start-
led’aw: [Paw] PF num. one’awkx: [Pawk'] PF n. cliff’awlie: [Paw."li.E] PF adv. once (in the past)’awlo: ["Paw.lo] PF adv. once’awm: [Pawm] PF n. camp’awnìm: ["P·aw.nIm] PF vtr. avoid’awpo: ["Paw.po] PF pn. one individual’awsiteng: [Paw.si."tEN] PF adv. together’awstengyem: [Paw.stEN."j·Em] PF vtr. bind /
bring two or more things together (ii)’awve: ["Paw.vE] PF adj. first (ordinal)’ä’: [PæP] PF intj. oops!’änsyem: [Pæn."sjEm] PF adj. complete’ärìp: ["P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. move’e’al: ["PE.Pal] PF adj. worst’e’in: [PE."Pin] PF n. pod, gourd’e’insey: [PE."Pin.SEj] PF n. drinking gourd’efu: ["P·E.f·u] PF vtr. feel, sense, perceive’eko: ["P·E.k·o] PF vtr. attack’ekong: ["PE.koN] PF n. beat (rhythmic)’ekxin: [PE."k'in] PF adj. tight’ekxinum: [PE."k'i.num] PF n. degree of tight-
ness, looseness’ekxinumpe: [PE."k'i.num.pE] PF inter. how
tight, loose?’em: [P·Em] PF vtr. cook’emyu: ["PEm.ju] PF n. cook, cooker’en: [PEn] PF n. guess, informed guess, hunch, in-
tuition
’engeng: ["PEN.EN] PF adj. level’en si: ["PEn "s·i] PF vin. make an informed guess’eoio: ["PE.o.i.o] PF adj. ceremonious’etnaw: ["PEt.naw] PF n. shoulder’evan: ["PE.van] PF n. boy (colloquial)’eve: ["PE.vE] PF n. girl (colloquial)’eveng: ["PE.vEN] PF n. child’evengan: ["PE.vE.Nan] PF n. boy’evenge: ["PE.vE.NE] PF n. girl’evi: ["PE.vi] PF n. kid (affectionate form of
’eveng child)’ewan: ["PE.wan] PF adj. young’ewll: ["PE.wl
"] PF n. plant
’ewrang: ["PEw.RaN] PF n. loom’eylan: ["PEj.lan] PF n. friend’eylanay: [PEj.la."naj] PF n. acquaintance (with
the potential for becoming a friend)’eyng: [P·EjN] PF v. answer, respond’eyt: [PEjt^] PF n. the symbol 8 (not the value
eight)’i’a: ["P·iP.·a] PF vin. end, conclude’ia: ["P·i.·a] PF vin. lose oneself (spiritual sense)’ipu: ["Pi.pu] PF adj. humorous, funny, amusing’it: [Pit^] PF n. bit, a small amount’itan: ["Pi.tan] JC,PF n. son’ite: ["Pi.tE] JC,PF n. daughter’itetsyìp: ["Pi.tE.>tsjIp^] PF n. little daughter (term
of endearment)’ì’awn: [P·I."P·awn] PF vin. remain, stay’ìheyu: [PI."hE.ju] PF n. spiral’ìn: [P·In] PF svin. be busy, be occupied’ìp: [P·Ip] PF vin. disappear, vanish, recede from
view’llngo: ["Pl
".No] PF n. hip
’o’: [PoP] PF adj. bringing fun, exciting’ok: [Pok^] PF n. remembrance’okrol: [Pok."Rol] PF n. history (ancient)’oktrr: ["Pok.tr
"] PF n. day of commemoration
’okvur: [Pok."vuR] PF n. history (non-ancient)’om: [Pom] PF adj. violet, purple, magenta’ompin: ["Pom.pin] PF n. violet, purple, magenta’on: [Pon] PF n. shape, form’ong: [P·oN] PF v. unfold, blossom
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’ongokx: ["P·o.N·ok'] PF vin. be born’ongop: ["Po.N·op^] PF vtr. design’ongopyu: ["Po.Nop.ju] PF n. designer’on si: ["Pon s·i] PF vin. shape, give shape (to so-
mething)’opin: ["Po.pin] PF n. color’opinsung: ["Po.pin.s·uN] PF vtr. color, color in’opinvultsyìp: ["Po.pin.vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. crayon’ora: ["Po.Ra] PF n. lake’oratsyìp: ["Po.Ra.>tsjIp^] PF n. pond, pool
’otxang: [Po."t'aN] PF n. musical instrument (ge-neric term)
’rrko: ["P·r".k·o] PF vin. roll
’rrpxom: ["Pr".p'om] PF n. thunder
’u: [Pu] PF n. thing (object, fact, abstraction)’ul: [P·ul] PF vin. increase’umtsa: ["Pum.
>tsa] PF n. medicine
’uo: ["Pu.o] PF pn. something’upe: ["Pu.pE] PF inter. what (thing)’upxare: [Pu."p'a.RE] PF n. message’ur: [PuR] PF n. sight, look, appearance
A
a: [a] PF,LN part. clause - level attributive markerafpawng: [a."fpawN] PF n. griefafpawng si: [a."fpawN s·i] PF vin. grieveaho: [a."ho] PF vin. prayakrrmaw: [a."kr
".maw] PF conj. after (temporal)
(c.w. from krr time and maw after)akrrta: [a."kr
".ta] PF conj. since (temporal) (c.w.
from krr time and ta from)akum: [a."kum] PF conj. that (as a result) this
form follows the result, I.E. ’Poe yawne slo-lu oer akum, nìftxan lu sevin’ (She was sobeautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also’kuma’
alaksi: [a."lak.si] PF adj. readyalìm: [a."lIm] PF adv. far away, at a distancealo: ["a.lo] PF n. time, turn, instance, one of a
number of repeated or recurring actionsalu: ["a.lu] PF conj. that is, in other words (Used
for appositions)alunta: [a."lun.ta] PF conj. because, from the rea-
sonam’a: [am."Pa] PF n. doubtam’ake: [am."Pa.kE] PF adj. sure, confident
am’aluke: [am."Pa.lu.kE] PF adv. without adoubt
apxa: [a."p'a] PF adj. large nfp.asim: [a."sim] PF adv. nearby, at close rangeatan: [a."tan] JC n. lightatanvi: [a."tan.vi] PF n. rayatanzaw: [a."tan.zaw] PF n. forked lightningatxar: [a."t'aR] PF adj. smell of living animals, as
found around a watering holeatxkxe: [at'."k'E] PF n. landatxkxerel: [at'."k'E.REl] PF n. mapau: ["a.u] JC n. drum (made of skin)au: [a."u] LA intj. exclamation of consternationaungia: [a."u.Ni.a] PF n. sign, omenawnga: [aw."Na] PF pn. weayfo: [aj."fo] or ["aj.fo] PF pn. theyaylaru: [aj."la.Ru] PF pn. to the others (contrac-
tion of ay+lahe–ru)aynga: [aj."Na] PF pn. you all, you (pl.)ayoe: [aj."o.E] PF pn. we, us (exclusive)ayoeng: [aj."wEN] PF pn. we, us (inclusive)
(ayoenga– base for suffixes)ayu: [a."ju] PF n. things (never plural u)
E
eampin: ["E.am.pin] PF n. blue, green
ean: ["E.an] PF adj. blue, green
ekxan: [E."k'an] PF n. barricade, obstruction
ekxan si: [E."k'an s·i] PF vin. exclude, keep out,bar
ekxtxu: [Ek'."t'u] PF adj. rough
eltu: ["El.tu] PF n. brain
eltu lefngap: ["El.tu lE."fNap^] Prr n. computer
eltur tìtxen si: ["El.tuR tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. be in-teresting, intriguing
eltu si: ["El.tu s·i] PF vin. pay attention, quit goo-fing off
emkä: [Em."k·æ] PF vtr. crossemkäfya: [em."kæ.fja] PF n. ford, crossingemrey: [Em."R·Ej] PF vin. surviveemza’u: [Em."z·a.P·u] PF vtr. pass (a test), over-
come
3
eo–: ["E.o] PF adp. before, in front of (place)eolì’uvi: ["E.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. prefixep’ang: [Ep."PaN] PF adj. complexepxang: [E."p'aN] PF n. stone jar used to hold
small toxic arachnidetrìp: ["Et.RIp^] PF adj. favorable, auspiciousewktswo: ["Ewk.
>tswo] PF n. (sense of) taste
ewku: ["·Ew.k·u] PF vtr. taste (not intentionally)eyawr: [E."jawR] PF adj. correct, right
eyawrfya: [e."jawR.fja] PF n. right way (of doingsomething), correct path
eyk: [·Ejk^] JC,PF vtr. leadeyktan: ["Ejk.tan] JC n. leadereyktanay: [Ejk.ta."naj] JC,PF n. deputy, general,
one step down from leadereykyu: ["Ejk.ju] PF n. leader (typically tempora-
ry, of a small group like a hunting party)
F
fa–: [fa] PF adp. with, by means offahew: [fa."hEw] PF n. smellfaoi: ["fa.o.i] PF adj. smoothfayluta: [faj."lu.ta] PF n. these words (contrac-
tion of fay+lì’u–t a, patientive case)fäkä: [fæ."k·æ] PF vin. go up, ascendfäpa: ["fæ.pa] PF n. topfäza’u: [fæ."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come up, ascendfe’: [fEP] PF adj. bad nfp.fe’lup: ["fE.lup^] PF adj. tacky, in poor tastefe’pey: [feP."p·Ej] PF vin. feel dread, expect so-
mething bad to happen, fear (with tsnì for thingdreaded) (ii)
fe’ran: ["fEP.Ran] PF n. flawed nature, somethingill-conceived or inherently defective
fe’ranvi: ["fEP.Ran.vi] PF n. blemish, deformity,stain, flawed feature
fe’ul: ["fE.P·ul] PF vin. worsen, get worsefekem: ["fE.kEm] PF n. accidentfekum: ["fE.kum] PF n. disadvantage, drawback,
downsidefekumnga’: ["fE.kum.NaP] PF adj. disadvanta-
geousfew–: [fEw] PF adp. across, aiming for the oppo-
site side offewi: ["f·E.w·i] PF vtr. chasefewtusok: ["fEw.tu.sok^] PF adj. opposite, on
the opposite side(In casual speech, fewtsok(few.�tsok)
fil: [fil] PF n. child’s toy, playthingfì’u: [fI."Pu] PF pn. this (thing)fìfya: [fI."fja] PF adv. this way, like thisfìkem: [fI."kEm] PF pn. this (action)fìpo: ["fI.po] PF pn. this one person or thingfìtrr: [fI."tr
"] PF adv. today
fìtsap: [fI.">tsap^] PF adv. each other
fìtseng(e): [fI.">tsEN(E)] PF adv., n. here, this pla-ce
fìtxan: [fI."t'an] PF adv. so, to such an extentfìtxon: [fI."t'on] PF adv., n. tonightfkan: [fk·an] PF vin. resemble in a sensory moda-
lity, come to the senses asfkarut: ["fk·a.R·ut^] PF v. peelfkay: [fkaj] PF adj. hatefulfkew: [fkEw] PF adj. mightyfkeytok: ["fkEj.t·ok^] PF vin. existfkip–: [fkip^] PF adp. up amongfko: [fko] PF pn. one, they (singular usage) (un-
specified agent)fkxake: ["fk'·a.k·E] PF v. itchfkxara: ["fk'a.Ra] PF n. stress (mental or emotio-
nal feeling)fkxaranga’: ["fk'a.Ra.NaP] PF adj. stressfulfkxen: [fk'En] PF n. vegetable (food)fkxile: ["fk'i.lE] PF n. bib necklaceflawkx: [flawk'] PF n. leatherflawm: [flawm] PF n. cheekflä: [fl·æ] PF vin. succeedflew: [flEw] PF n. throatflì: [flI] PF adj. thin nfp.flìnutx: [flI."nut'] PF n. thicknessflrr: [flr
"] PF adj. gentle, mild, tender (people or
things)fmal: [fm·al] PF vtr. sustainfmawn: [fmawn] PF n. news, something to reportfmawnta: [fmawnta] PF n. that news (contrac-
tion of fmawn–it a)fmetok: ["fm·E.t·ok^] PF vtr. testfmi: [fm·i] PF vtrm. try, attempt (with the
subjunctive)fmokx: [fmok'] PF n. jealousy, envyfnan: [fn·an] PF vtr. be good atfnawe’: [fna."wEP] PF adj. cowardly
4
fnawe’tu: [fna."wEP.tu] PF n. cowardfnel: [fnEl] PF n. kind, typefnelan: ["fnE.lan] PF n. malefnele: ["fnE.lE] PF n. femalefnepe: ["fnE.pE] PF inter. which kindfnetxum: [fnE."t'um] PF n. allergenfngap: [fNap^] PF n. metalfngä’: [fN·æP] PF vin. relieve oneself; (on Earth)
use the restroom, go to the bathroomfngä’tseng: ["fNæP.
>tsEN] PF n. restroom (on
Earth)fngo’: [fN·oP] PF vtr. require, demandfnu: [fn·u] PF vin. quiet, be quietfo: [fo] PF pn. theyfpak: [fp·ak^] PF vin. hold off, suspend actionfpe’: [fp·EP] PF vtr. sendfpeio: [fpE."i.o] PF n. challenge (ceremonial)fpi+: [fpi] PF adp. for the sake of, for the benefit
offpivìl: [fpi."vIl] PF intj. hmm, let’s see, let me
thinkfpìl: [fp·Il] PF vtr. thinkfpìlfya: ["fpIl.fja] PF n. thought pattern, way of
thinkingfpom: [fpom] PF n. well-being, peace, happinessfpomron: [fpom."Ron] PF n. health or well-being
(mental) ofp.fpomronga’: [fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. healthful
(mentally) nfp.fpomtokx: [fpom."tok'] PF n. health (physical)
ofp.fpomtokxnga’: [fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj. health-
ful (physically) nfp.fpxamo: ["fp'a.mo] PF adj. terrible, horrible, aw-
fulfpxäkìm: ["fp'·æ.k·Im] PF vin. enterfra’u: ["fRa.Pu] PF pn. everythingfrafya: ["fra.fja] PF adv. in every wayfrakrr: ["fRa.kr
"] PF adv. always, all the time
fralo: ["fRa.lo] PF adv. every time, every instance,each time
frapo: ["fRa.po] PF pn. everyonefrato: ["fRa.to] PF part. superlative marker than
allfratrr: [fRa."tr
"] PF adv. daily, every day
fratseng: ["fRa.>tsEN] PF adv. everywherefratxon: [fRa."t'on] PF adv. every nightfrawzo: [fRaw."zo] PF intj. all is well, everything
is fine or OK
frir: [fRiR] PF n. layerfrìp: [fR·Ip^] PF vtr. bitefrrfen: ["f·r
".f·En] PF vtr. visit
frrtu: ["fr".tu] PF n. guest, visitor
fta: [fta] PF n. knotftang: [ft·aN] PF vim. stopfta si: [fta s·i] PF vin. knot, make or tie a knotftawnemkrr: [ftaw."nEm.kr
"] PF n. past
ftär: [ftæR] PF adj. left (not right)ftärpa: ["ftæR.pa] PF n. left sidefte: [ftE] PF conj. so that, in order to (with
subjunctive verb in dependant clause)fteke: ["ftE.kE] PF conj. so that not, lest (with
subjunctive verb in dependant clause)ftem: [ft·Em] PF vtr. pass by (something)ftia: [ft·i.·"a] PF vtr. studyftu–: [ftu] PF adp. from (direction)ftue: ["ftu.E] PF adj. easy, simpleftumfa–: ["ftum.fa] PF adp. out of, from insideftuopa–: ["ftu.o.pa] PF adp. from behindftxavang: ["ft'a.vaN] PF adj. passionateftxey: [ft'·Ej] PF vtr. chooseftxey: [ft'Ej] PF conj. whether, orftxì: [ft'I] PF n. tongueftxìlor: [ft'I."loR] PF adj. delicious, good tastingftxìvä’: [ft'I."væP] PF adj. bad tastingftxozä: [ft'o."zæ] PF n. celebration, happy occa-
sionftxozä si: [ft'o."zæ s·i] PF vin. celebrateftxulì’u: [ft'·u."lI.Pu] PF vin. orate, give speechftxulì’uyu: [ft'u."lI.Pu.ju] PF n. orator, (public)
speakerfu: [fu] PF conj. orfuke: [fu."kE] PF conj. or notfula: ["fu.la] PF pn., sbd. thatfuria: ["fu.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. thatfuta: ["fu.ta] PF pn., sbd. thatfwa: [fwa] PF pn., sbd. that (subordinate clause
marker)fwang: [fwaN] PF adj. savory, umami, richfwefwi: ["fw·E.fw·i] PF vin. whistlefwel: [fwEl] PF adj. brokenfwem: [fwEm] PF adj. dull, blunt (as a point)fwep: [fwEp^] PF n. dust (on a surface)fwew: [fw·Ew] PF vtr. look for, seek, searchfwi: [fw·i] PF vin. slip, slidefwìng: [fwIN] PF n. humiliation, embarrassment,
loss of facefwìng si: [fwIN s·i] PF vin. humiliate
5
fwopx: [fwop'] PF n. dust (in the air)fya’o: ["fja.Po] PF n. path, way, mannerfyalì’u: ["fja.lI.Pu] PF n. adverbfyan: [fjan] PF n. constructed device for keeping
something off the ground and cleanfyanyì: ["fjan.jI] PF n. shelffyanyo: ["fjan.jo] PF n. table, elevated utilitarian
surface Note: colloquially, yo can be used inplace of fyanyo.
fyape: ["fja.pE] PF inter. howfyawìntxu: [fja.w·In."t'·u] PF vin. guide (with
dative of thing guided)fyawìntxuyu: [fja.wIn."t'u.ju] PF n. guide
fyel: [fj·El] PF vtr. seal, make imperviousfyeng: [fjEN] PF adj. steepfyep: [fj·Ep^] PF vtr. hold in the hand, grasp, gripfyeyn: [fjEjn] PF adj. ripe, mature, adultfyeyntu: ["fjEjn.tu] PF n. adult personfyin: [fjin] PF adj. simplefyinep’ang: [fjin.Ep."PaN] PF n. degree of com-
plexityfyinep’angpe: [fjin.Ep."PaN.pE] PF inter. how
complex? variant of pefyinep’angfyole: ["fjo.lE] PF adj. sublime, beyond perfectionfyolup: ["fJo.lup^] PF adj. exquisite, sublime in
style
H
ha: [ha] PF adv. so, in that caseha’: [h·aP] PF vin. fit, suit, complement, inherent-
ly enhanceha’ngir: [haP."NiR] PF n. afternoonhafyon: [ha."fjon] PF n. wisdomhafyonga’: [ha."fjo.NaP] PF adj. wise nfp.hahaw: ["h·a.h·aw] PF vin. sleepham: [ham] PF adj. previoushamalo: [ha."ma.lo] PF adv. last timehan: [h·an] PF vtr. losehangham: ["h·aN.h·am] PF vin. laughhangvur: ["haN.vuR] PF n. joke, funny storyhapxì: [ha."p'I] PF n. parthapxìtu: [ha."p'I.tu] PF n. memberhasey: [ha."sEj] PF adj. done, finishedhasey si: [ha."sEj "s·i] PF vin. accomplish, bring
to a conclusionhawl: [h·awl] PF vtr. preparehawmpam: ["hawm.pam] PF n. noise. sound
that is excessive, unnecessary, inappropriate,unexpected or startling
hawng: [hawN] PF n. overabundancehawngkrr: ["hawN.kr
"] PF adv. late
hawntsyokx: [hawn.">tsjok'] PF n. glove
hawnu: ["h·aw.n·u] PF vtr. protect, shelterhawnven: [hawn."vEn] PF n. shoehawre’: [haw."REP] PF n. hathawtsyìp: ["haw.
>tsjIp^] PF n. nap
hay: [haj] PF adj. nexthayalo: [ha."ja.lo] PF adv. next timehän: [hæn] PF n. net, webhefi: ["h·E.f·i] PF vtr. smell (not intentionally)hefitswo: ["hE.fi.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) smell
hek: [h·Ek^] PF vin. be curious, odd, strange, un-expected
hena: ["h·E.n·a] PF vtr. carryhermeyp: [hER."mEjp^] PF n. snow flurryhertxayo: ["hER.t'a.jo] PF n. snow fieldherwì: ["hER.wI] PF n. snowherwìva: ["hER.wI.va] PF n. snowflakehewne: ["hEw.nE] PF adj. soft (of an object)heyn: [h·Ejn] PF vin. sitheyr: [hEJR] PF n. chesthifwo: ["h·i.fw·o] PF vin. flee, escapehipx: [hip'] PF vtr. controlhiup: ["hi·up^] PF vin., vtr. spit, spit outhiyìk: ["hi.jIk^] PF adj. funny, strangehì’ang: ["hI.PaN] PF n. insecthì’i: ["hI.Pi] PF adj. small, little (in size)hìkrr: ["hI.kr
"] PF n. second, very short time
hìm: [hIm] PF adj. small (in quantity)hìmpxì: [hIm."p'I] PF n. minority, least, small
parthìmtxampe: [hIm."t'am.pE] PF inter. how muchhìmtxan: [hIm."t'an] PF n. amounthìmtxew: [hIm."t'Ew] PF n. minimumhìmtxewvay: [hIm."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. minimallyhìno: [hI."no] PF adj. fine, detailed, precise, intri-
cate (of things)hìpey: ["hI.p·Ej] PF vin. hesitate, hold back for a
short timehìtxoa: [hI."t'o.a] PF intj. excuse mehoan: ["ho.an] PF n. comforthoet: ["ho.Et^] PF adj. vast, broad, expansivehol: [hol] PF adj. fewholpxay: [hol."p'aj] PF n. number
6
holpxaype: [hol."p'aj.pE] PF inter. how manyhona: ["ho.na] PF adj. endearing, adorable, cutehrrap: ["hr
".ap^] PF n. danger
hu–: [hu] PF adp. with (accompaniment)hufwa: [hu."fwa] PF conj. althoughhufwe: [hu."fwE] PF n. wind
hufwetsyìp: [hu."fwE.>tsjIp^] PF n. breeze, light
wind
hultstxem: [h·ul.">tst'·Em] PF vtr. hinder
hum: [h·um] PF vin. leave, depart
huru: ["hu.Ru] PF n. cooking pot
I
i’en: ["iP.En] JC n. stringed instrumentikut: ["i.kut^] PF n. large pestle (grinding tool);
meal-mashing poleil: [i·l] PF vin. bendinan: [·i."n·an] PF vtr. read (e.g. the forest), gain
knowledge from sensory input (stress movesto first syllable with infixation)
inanfya: [i."nan.fja] PF n. sense (means of per-ception)
ingyen: ["iN.jEn] PF n. feeling of mystery or in-comprehension
ingyenga’: ["iN.jE.NaP] PF adj. mysterious, puzz-ling, enigmatic
ingyentsim: ["iN.jEn.>tsim] PF n. mystery, riddle,enigma, conundrum
ingyentsyìp: ["iN.jEn.>tsjIp^] PF n. trick, sleightof hand, clever/special methodology
io–: ["i.o] PF adp. over, aboveioang: [i."o.aN] PF n. animal, beastioi: [i."o.i] PF n. adornment, or ceremonial apparel
(item of)ioi si: [i."o.i s·i] PF vin. adornionar: ["i.o.naR] PF n. banshee rider visorirayo: [i."Ra.jo] JC n., intj. thank you, thanksirayo si: [i."Ra.jo "s·i] PF vin. thank, give thanks
K
ka–: [ka] PF adp. across, covering thoroughlykakpam: [kak."pam] PF adj. deafkakrel: [kak."REl] PF adj. blindkalin: [ka."lin] PF adj. sweet to the tastekaltxì: [kal."t'I] PF intj. hellokaltxì si: [kal."t'I "s·i] PF vin. say hello, greetkam–: [kam] PF adp. agokame: ["k·a.m·E] PF vtr. see, see into, understand,
know (spiritual sense)kan: [k·an] PF vtrm., vtr. aim, to intend; aim, to
direct a weapon or other object at a targetkan’ìn: ["k·an.P·In] PF vtr. focus on, specialize in,
be particularly interested inkanfpìl: ["k·an.fp·Il] PF vin. concentrate, focus
one’s attentionkangay: [ka."Naj] PF adj. valid (cognate with
ngay true)kangay si: [ka."Naj s·i] PF vin. validate, confirmkanom: ["k·a.n·om] PF vtr. acquire, getkanu: ["ka.nu] PF adj. smart, intelligent ofp.kar: [k·aR] PF vtr. teachkaryu: ["kaR.ju] PF n. teacherkaryunay: [kaR.ju."naj] PF n. apprentice teacherkato: ["ka.to] PF n. rhythm
kavan: ["k·a.v·an] PF vtr. support (physically)kavuk: [ka."vuk^] PF n. treacherykavuk si: [ka."vuk^ "s·i] PF vin. betraykaw’it: [kaw."Pit^] PF adv. not at all, not a bit
(used with ke; see ke kaw’it not...at all in ph-rases)
kawkrr: ["kaw.kr"] PF adv. never
kawkxan: [kaw."k'an] PF adj. free, unblocked,unobstructed, clear
kawl: [kawl] PF adv. hard, diligentlykawng: [kawN] PF adj. bad, evilkawnglan: ["kawN.lan] PF adj. malicious, bad he-
artedkawngsar: ["kawN.s·aR] PF vtr. exploitkawnomum: [kaw."no.mum] PF adj. unknownkawtseng: ["kaw.
>tsEN] PF adv. nowhere
kawtu: ["kaw.tu] PF pn. no-onekay–: [kaj] PF adp. from now (in the future)kaym: [kajm] PF n. evening (before twilight), late
afternoonkä: [k·æ] PF vin. gokä’ärìp: [kæ."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. pushkämakto: [kæ."m·ak.t·o] PF v. ride outkämunge: [kæ."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take
7
käpxì: [kæ."p'I] PF n. rear (part or section)käsatseng: [kæ."sa.
>tsEN] PF adv. out there
käsrìn: [kæ."sR·In] PF vtr. lendkäteng: ["k·æ.tEN] PF vin. spend time with, hang
out withke: [kE] PF adv. notke’aw: [kE."Paw] PF adj. divided, torn apart,
strife-riddenke’u: ["kE.Pu] PF pn. nothingkea: ["kE.a] PF adj. no (before a noun)kefpomronga’: [kE.fpom."Ro.NaP] PF adj. unhe-
althful (mentally) nfp.kefpomtokxnga’: [kE.fpom."tok'.NaP] PF adj.
unhealthful (physically) nfp.keftxo: [kE."ft'o] PF adj., intj. unhappy, upset,
’How sad!’kefyak: [kE."fjak^] PF,Prr part. isn’t it?, right?kehe: ["kE.hE] PF part., intj. nokekem: ["kE.kEm] PF pn., adv. no action or acti-
vitykelemweypey: [kE.lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. impa-
tientkelfpomron: [kEl.fpom."Ron] PF adj. unhealthy
(mentally) ofp.kelfpomtokx: [kEl.fpom."tok'] PF adj. unhealt-
hy (physically) ofp.kelhoan: [kEl."ho.an] PF adj. uncomfortablekelkin: [kEl."kin] PF adj. unnecessarykelku: ["kEl.ku] PF n. home, housekelku si: ["kEl.ku "s·i] PF vin. live, dwellkelpxìmrun: [kEl."p'Im.Run] PF adj. rarekelsar: [kEl."saR] PF adj. useless, in vainkeltrrtrr: [kEl."tr
".tr"] PF adj. unusual
keltsun: [kEl.">tsun] PF adj. impossiblekem: [kEm] PF n. thing (action), deedkemlì’u: ["kEm.lI.Pu] PF n. verbkemlì’uvi: ["kEm.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. infixkempe: ["kEm.pE] PF inter. what (action) (c.w.
from kem action, deed)kem si: ["kEm "s·i] PF vin. dokemwiä: [kEm."wi.æ] PF adj. improper, unfair,
wrong, unjustifiedken’aw: [kEn."Paw] PF adv. not onlykeng: [kEN] PF adv. even, so much askenong: ["k·E.n·oN] or ["kE.n·oN] PF vin. model,
represent, exemplify (ii)kenzen: [kEn."zEn] PF adv. not necessarilykerusey: ["kE.Ru.sEj] PF adj. dead
kesran: [kE."sRan] PF adj. so-so, mediocre (Thederivation of this word is not entirely clear.It may have originally been kesrankeke-he, literally, ’not yes, not no,’ in referenceto whether a certain action was performedwell or not, and over time it became shor-tened to just kesran, its use expanding toinclude anything only mediocre in quality.)
keteng: ["kE.tEN] PF adj. differentketrìp: ["kEt.RIp^] PF adj. unfortunate, inauspi-
ciousketsran: [kE.">tsRan] PF adj., conj. no matter, no
matter what, whateverketsuktiam: [kE.>tsuk."ti.am] PF adj. un-
countable, infiniteketsuktswa’: [kE.>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. unforget-
tableketuwong: ["kE.tu.woN] PF n. alienkew: [kEw] PF num. zerokewan: ["kE.wan] PF n. agekewong: ["kE.woN] PF adj. alienkey: [kEj] PF n. facekeyawr: [kE."jawR] PF adj. incorrect, wrong, not
rightkeye’ung: [kE."jE.PuN] PF n. insanitykeyn: [k·Ejn] PF vtr. put downkeyrel: ["kEj.REl] PF n. facial expressionkezemplltxe: [kE.zEm.pl
"."t'E] PF adv. of
course, needless to say (contraction ofke+zene+pivlltxe)
ki: [ki] PF conj. but rather, but insteadkifkey: [ki."fkEj] PF n. world (physical, solid)kilvan: [kil."van] PF n. riverkin: [k·in] PF vtr. needkinam: [ki."nam] PF n. legkinamtil: [ki."nam.til] PF n. kneekinä: ["ki.næ] PF num. sevenkintrr: ["kin.tr
"] PF n. week
kintrram: ["kin.tr".am] PF n. last week
kintrray: ["kin.tr".aj] PF n. next week
kip–: [kip^] PF adp. amongkive: ["ki.vE] PF adj. seventh (ordinal)kì’ong: [kI."PoN] PF adj. slowkìm: [k·Im] PF vtr. spin, to spin (something) Pol
rumit kolìm He spun the ballkìmar: [kI."maR] PF adj. in season (of foods, vege-
table or animal)kìng: [kIN] PF n. threadkìte’e: [kI.tE."PE] PF n. service
8
kìte’e si: [kI.tE."PE "s·i] PF vin. servekllfro’: [kl
"."fR·oP] PF svin. be responsible
kllkä: [kl"."k·æ] PF vin. go down, descend
kllkulat: [kl"."k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. dig up
kllkxem: [kl"."k'·Em] PF vin. stand
kllpa: ["kl".pa] PF n. bottom
kllpä: [kl"."p·æ] PF vin. land, reach the ground
kllpxìltu: [kl"."p'Il.tu] PF n. territory
kllrikx: [kl"."rik'] PF n. earthquake
kllte: ["kl".tE] PF n. ground
klltseng: ["kl".>tsEN] PF n. position
klltxay: [kl"."t'·aj] PF vin. lie on the ground
klltxeykay: [kl".t'Ej."k·aj] PF vtr. lay (something)
on the ground transitive form of klltxaykllvawm: ["kl
".vawm] PF adj. brown
kllwo: [kl"."w·o] PF vin. alight, land (process of)
kllyem: [kl"."j·Em] PF vtr. bury
kllza’u: [kl"."z·a.P·u] PF vin. come down, descend
ko: [ko] PF part. solicit agreementko’on: ["ko.Pon] PF n. ring, oval, closed shape
roughly circularkoak: ["ko.ak^] PF adj. old, aged (for living
things)koaktan: ["ko.ak.tan] PF n. old mankoakte: ["ko.ak.tE] PF n. old womankoaktu: ["ko.ak.tu] PF n. old personkolan: [ko."lan] PF intj. I mean, rather (self-
correcting)kom: [k·om] PF vim. dare
kop: [kop^] PF adv. too, also, additionallykop: [kop^] PF conj. and alsokoren: [ko."REn] PF n. rule, guidelinekosman: [ko."sman] PF adj. wonderful, terrific,
fantastickoum: ["ko.um] PF adj. rounded, curvedkrr: [kr
"] PF n. time
krra: ["kr".a] PF conj. when, at the time that
krrka–: ["kr".ka] PF adp. during
krrnekx: [kr"."n·Ek'] PF vin. take/consume time
(ii)krrpe: ["kr
".pE] PF inter. when (c.w. from krr ti-
me)ku’up: ["ku.Pup^] PF adj. heavy (physical weight)kulat: ["k·u.l·at^] PF vtr. reveal, bring forth, un-
cover (literally and metaphorically)kum: [kum] PF n. resultkuma: ["kum.a] PF conj. that (as a result) this
form precedes the result, I.E. ’Lu poe sevinnìftxan kuma yawne slolu oer’ (She was sobeautiful that I fell in love with her.); see also’akum’
kur: [k·uR] PF vin. hangkurakx: [k·u."R·ak'] PF vtr. drive outkurfyan: ["kuR.fjan] PF n. hamper or suspended
rackkurfyavi: ["kuR.fja.vi] PF n. hook (for hanging or
suspending an item)kuru: ["ku.Ru] PF n. neural queue
Kx
kxa: [k'a] PF n. mouthkxakx: [k'·ak'] PF vin. break, snap in twokxam: [k'am] PF n. middle, midpointkxamlä–: ["k'am.læ] PF adp. through (via the
middle of)kxamtrr: ["k'am.tr
"] PF n. mid-day, noon
kxamtrrmaw: ["k'am.tr".maw] PF n. the time im-
mediately after noon, early afternoonkxamtseng: ["k'am.
>tsEN] PF n. center, place in
the middlekxamtxomaw: ["k'am.t'o.maw] PF n. after mid-
nightkxamtxon: ["k'am.t'on] PF n. midnightkxamyì: ["k'am.jI] PF n. intermediate levelkxangangang: ["k'aN.aN.aN] PF intj. boom (ono-
matopoeic)kxange: ["k'·a.N·e] PF vin. yawn
kxanì: ["k'a.nI] PF adj. forbiddenkxap: [k'ap^] PF n. threatkxapnga’: ["k'ap.NaP] PF adj. threatening nfp.kxap si: [k'ap s·i] PF vin. threatenkxawm: [k'awm] PF adv. perhaps, maybekxayl: [k'ajl] PF adj. highkxaylyì: ["k'ajl.jI] PF n. high levelkxänäng: ["k'æ.næN] PF adj. smell of decaying
animal/flesh, rotting, putridkxeltek: ["k'·El.t·Ek] PF vtr. pick up, liftkxem: [k'·Em] PF vin. be verticalkxemyo: ["k'Em.jo] PF n. wall, vertical surfacekxener: ["k'E.nER] PF n. smokekxetse: ["k'E.>tsE] PF n. tailkxeyey: ["k'E.jEj] PF n. error, mistakekxitx: [k'it'] PF n. death
9
kxì: [k'I] PF intj. hello (casual) colloquial, shor-tened form of kaltxì
kxìm: [k'·Im] PF vtr. command, order, assign atask
kxìmyu: ["k'Im.ju] PF n. commander, one withauthority over another
kxll: [k'l"] PF n. charge, running attack
kxll si: ["k'l""s·i] PF vin. charge
kxor: [k'oR] PF n. a wall or bank of powerful wa-terfalls noted for its deafening roar and deadly
force (countable, but only rarely)
kxu: [k'u] PF n. harm
kxuke: ["k'u.kE] PF adj. safe
kxukx: [k'·uk'] PF vtr. swallow
kxum: [k'um] PF adj. viscous, gelatinous, thick
kxumpay: ["k'um.paJ] PF n. viscous liquid, gel
kxu si: [k'u s·i] PF vin. harm
kxutu: ["k'u.tu] PF n. enemy
L
lafyon: [la."fjon] PF adj. wise ofp.lahe: ["la.hE] PF adj. other, elselal: [lal] PF adj. old (opposite of mip) nfp.lam: [l·am] PF vin. seem, appearlamaytxa: [la.maj."t'a] PF n. floodlang: [l·aN] PF vtr. investigate, explorelapo: ["la.po] PF pn. other one person or thinglaro: ["la.Ro] PF adj. cleanlaro si: ["la.ro s·i] PF vin. clean, make free of dirtlatem: ["l·a.t·Em] PF vin. change (l«eyk»atem
vtr. change)latsi: [l·a.">ts·i] LA v. keep up with someonelaw: [law] PF adj. clear, certainlawk: [l·awk^] PF vtr. discourse on, talk about,
say something concerninglawnol: ["law.nol] PF n. great joylawr: [lawR] PF n. melodylaw si: ["law "s·i] PF vin. make clearlayompin: [la."jom.pin] PF n. blacklayon: [la."jon] PF adj. blacklätxayn: [l·æ."t'·ajn] PF vtr. defeat in battle, con-
querle’al: [lE."Pal] PF adj. wasteful nfp.le’aw: [lE."Paw] PF adj. onlyle’awtu: [lE."Paw.tu] PF adj. alone, on one’s own,
by one’s self; lonelyle’en: [lE."PEn] PF adj. speculative, intuitive nfp.lefkrr: [lE."fkr
"] PF adj. current
lefnelan: [lE."fnE.lan] PF adj. malelefnele: [lE."fnE.lE] PF adj. femalelefngap: [lE."fNap^] PF adj. metalliclefpom: [lE."fpom] PF adj. happy, peaceful, joy-
ous, pleasant nfp.lefpomron: [lE.fpom."Ron] PF adj. healthy (men-
tally) ofp.
lefpomtokx: [lE.fpom."tok'] PF adj. healthy(physically) ofp.
lefrir: [le."fRiR] PF adj. layeredleftxozä: [lE."ft'o.zæ] PF adj. celebratorylehawmpam: [lE."hawm.pam] PF adj. noisylehawng: [lE."hawN] PF adj. excessivelehawngkrr: [lE."hawN.kr
"] PF adj. late
lehìpey: [lE."hI.pEj] PF adj. hesitant, in a state ofhesitation
lehoan: [lE."ho.an] PF adj. comfortablelehrrap: [lE."hr
".ap^] PF adj. dangerous
leioae: [lE.i.o."a.E] PF n. respectleioae si: [lE.i.o."a.E s·i] PF vin. to respectlek: [l·Ek^] PF vtr. heed, obeylekin: [lE."kin] PF adj. necessarylekoren: [lE.ko."REn] PF adj. lawlikelekye’ung: [lEk."jE.PuN] PF adj. insane, crazylelì’fya: [lE."lIP.fja] PF adj. concerning language,
regarding languagelemrey: [lEm."REj] PF adj. surviving (e.g. of enti-
ties from a group some of whom have died)lemweypey: [lEm."wEj.pEj] PF adj. patientlen: [l·En] PF vin. happen, occurleNa’vi: [lE."naP.vi] PF adj. having to do with the
Na’vi, the Peopleleno: [lE."no] PF adj. thorough, detail-orientated
(of a person)lenomum: [lE."no.mum] PF adj. curiouslenrra: [lE."nr
".a] PF adj. proud
lepay: [lE."paj] PF adj. waterylepwopx: [lEp."wop'] PF adj. cloudylepxìmrun: [lE."p'Im.Run] PF adj. common, often
foundler: [lER] PF adj. steady, smooth (for motion)lereyfya: [lE."REj.fja] PF adj. culturallerìk: [lE."RIk^] PF adj. leafy
10
lerìn: [lE."rIn] PF adj. wooden, of woodleronsrel: [lE."Ron.sREl] PF adj. imaginarylertu: ["lER.tu] PF n. colleaguelesar: [lE."saR] PF adj. usefullesar si: [lE."saR s·i] PF vin. be useful, be of use,
come in handyleskxir: [lE."sk'iR] PF adj. woundedlesngä’i: [lE."sNæ.Pi] PF adj. original, existing at
or from the start, first in a serieslesnonrra: [lE.sno."nr
".a] PF adj. full of self-pride
leso’ha: [lE."soP.ha] PF adj. enthusiastic, keenofp.
letam: [lE."tam] PF adj. sufficientletokx: [lE."tok'] PF adj. bodily, physicalletrr: [lE."tr
"] RL adj. daily
letrrtrr: [lE."tr".tr"] PF adj. ordinary
letsim: [lE.">tsim] PF adj. original, unique, not de-rived from another source
letskxe: [lE.">tsk'E] PF adj. stony, of stoneletsranten: [lE.">tsRan.tEn] PF adj. importantletsunslu: [lE.">tsun.slu] PF adj. possibleletswal: [le.">tswal] PF adj. powerful ofp.letwan: [lEt."wan] PF adj. dodgy, sneaky (of a
person)letxi: [lE."t'i] PF adj. hurried, frenziedletxiluke: [lE."t'i.lu.kE] PF adj. unhurriedlew: [lEw] PF n. cover, lidlewäte: [lE.wæ."tE] PF adj. disagreeable, argu-
mentative (of an agent)leweopx: [lE.wE."op'] PF adj. wave-likelew si: ["lEw "s·i] PF vin. coverley: [l·Ej] PF vin. be of value, have some positive
value, be worth somethingleyapay: [lE."ja.paj] PF adj. foggy, mistyleye’krr: [lE."jEP.kr
"] PF adj. early
leyewla: [lE."jEw.la] PF adj. disappointingleym: [l·Ejm] PF vin. call, cry out, exclaimleymfe’: [l·Ejm."fEP] PF vin. complainleymkem: [l·Ejm."kEm] PF vin. protestleyn: [l·Ejn] PF vtr. repeat, do againleyr: [lEjr] PF adj. frozenleyr si: ["lEjr s·i] PF vin. freeze (something)lezeswa: [lE."zE.swa] PF adj. grassyli: [li] PF adv. alreadylie: ["li.E] PF n. experiencelie si: ["li.E s·i] PF vin. experiencelini: ["li.ni] PF n. young of an animal, bird, fish,
insect
lisre+: ["li.sRE] PF adp. by, before, up to but notafter
liswa: [li."swa] PF n. nourishmentliswa si: [li."swa s·i] PF vin. nourish, provide
nourishmentlitx: [lit'] PF adj. sharp (as a blade)lì’fya: ["lIP.fja] PF n. languagelì’fyaolo’: ["lIP.fja.o."loP] PF n. language group,
language userslì’fyavi: ["lIP.fja.vi] PF n. expression, bit of lan-
guagelì’kong: ["lIP.koN] PF n. syllablelì’u: ["lI.Pu] PF n. wordlì’ukìng: ["lI.Pu.kIN] PF n. sentencelì’ukìngvi: ["lI.Pu.kIN.vi] PF n. phraselì’upam: ["lI.Pu.pam] PF n. accent, pronuncia-
tionlì’upe: ["lI.Pu.pE] PF inter. what (word,
utterance)lì’upuk: ["lI.Pu.puk^] PF n. dictionarylì’uvan: ["lI.Pu.van] PF n. pun, word-playlì’uvi: ["lI.Pu.vi] PF n. affixlìm: [l·Im] PF svin. be farlìng: [l·IN] PF vin. float in the air, hoverlo’a: ["lo.Pa] PF n. totem, amuletloho: ["l·o.h·o] PF vin. be surprising (experiencer
in dative)loi: ["lo.i] PF n. egglok: [l·ok^] PF vtr. approachlok–: [l·ok^] PF adp. close tolom: [lom] PF adj. missing, missed (as an absent
person who is longed for)lomtu: ["lom.tu] PF n. missed personlonu: [l·o."n·u] PF vtr. release, let golopx: [l·op'] PF vin. paniclor: [loR] PF adj. beautiful, pleasant to the sensesloran: ["lo.Ran] PF n. elegance, gracelrrtok: ["lr
".tok^] PF n. smile
lrrtok si: ["lr".tok^ "s·i] PF vin. smile
lu: [l·u] PF vin., svin. be, am, is, are (predica-tive copula, existential verb) (signifies pos-session with dative of possessor)
luke–: ["lu.kE] PF adp. withoutlukpen: [luk."pEn] PF adj. without clothing, na-
kedlumpe: ["lum.pE] PF inter. whylun: [lun] PF n. reasonlupra: ["lup.Ra] PF n. style
11
M
ma: [ma] PF part. O (vocative marker)makto: ["m·ak.t·o] PF vtr. ridemal: [mal] PF adj. trustworthy, trust-inspiringmam: [mam] PF vtr. wrapmasat: ["ma.sat] PF n. breastplate (armor)mauti: ["ma.u.ti] PF n. fruitmaw–: [maw] PF adp. after (time)mawey: [ma."wEj] CM adj. calmmaweypey: [ma."wEj.p·Ej] PF svin. be patient
(ii)maweypeyyu: [ma."wEj.pEj.ju] PF n. One who
is patientmawfwa: ["maw.fwa] PF conj. aftermawkrr: ["maw.kr
"] PF adv. after, afterwards, la-
termawkrra: [maw."kr
".a] PF conj. after (temporal)
(c.w. from krr time and maw after)mawl: [mawl] PF n. halfmay’: [m·ajP] PF vtrm. taste, try, sample, evalu-
ate, check out, test-drivemäkxu: [m·æ."k'u] PF vtr. interrupt, throw out
of harmonious balanceme’em: [mE."PEm] PF adj. harmoniousmefo: ["mE.fo] PF pn. they, those twomek: [mEk^] PF adj. empty, or metaphorically:
having no valuemekre: ["mEk.RE] PF n. suppliesmektseng: ["mEk.
>tsEN] PF n. gap, breach
melo: ["mE.lo] PF adv. twicemenari: [mE."na.Ri] PF n. eyes (two)meoauniaea: [�mE.o.a.u.ni.a."E.a] PF n. harmo-
ny, living at one with naturemerki: ["mER.ki] PF n. ground rack (for smoking
meats)mesrram: [mE.sr
"."am] PF n., adv. the day before
yesterday, two days agomesrray: [mE.sr
"."aj] PF n., adv. the day after to-
morrow, two days from nowmeuia: [mE."u.i.a] PF n. honormeuianga’: [mE."u.i.a.NaP] PF adj. honorable,
honorablymeuia si: [mE."u.i.a s·i] PF vin. honormeyam: [m·E."y·am] PF vtr. hug, embrace, hold
in one’s armsmeyp: [mEjp^] PF adj. weakmeyptu: ["mEjp.tu] PF n. weaklingmi: [mi] PF adv. yet, still, as before
miklor: [mIk."loR] PF adj. pleasant sounding,beautiful sounding
miktsang: ["mik.>tsaN] PF n. earring
mikvä’: [mIk."væP] PF adj. bad-soundingmikyun: ["mik.jun] JC n. earmip: [mip^] PF adj. newmì+: [mI] PF adp. in, onmìfa: ["mI.fa] or [mI."fa] PF n., adv. insidemìftxele: [mI."ft'E.lE] PF adv. in this regard, re-
lated to this mattermìkam–: [mI."kam] PF adp. betweenmìn: [m·In] PF vin. turn, rotate on an axis Mìn
ne ftärpa Turn to the leftmìnyu: ["mIn.ju] PF n. turnermìso: [mI."so] PF adv. away (position)mll’an: [m·l
"."P·an] PF vtr. accept
mllte: [m·l"."t·E] PF vin. agree
mo: [mo] PF n. space, hollow, enclosed open areamo’ara: [mo."Pa.Ra] PF n. gathering placemo a fngä’: ["mo a "fNæP] PF n. restroom (on
Earth)moe: ["mo.E] PF pn. we two, us two (exclusive)mok: [m·ok^] PF vtr. suggestmokri: ["mok.Ri] PF n. voicemomek: ["mo.mEk^] PF adj. hollow, not solidmong: [m·oN] PF vtr. depend on, rely on, trust for
protectionmowan: [mo."wan] PF adj. pleasing, enjoyable
(physically, sexually)mowar: [mo."waR] PF n. advice, bit or piece of ad-
vicemowar si: [mo."waR s·i] PF vin. advisemowarsiyu: [mo."waR.si.ju] PF n. advisormrr: [mr
"] PF num. five
mrrtrr: ["mr".tr"] PF n. five day work week
mrrve: ["mr".vE] PF adj. fifth (ordinal)
muiä: [mu."i.æ] PF adj. proper, fair, right, justifi-ed
mun’i: [m·un."P·i] PF v. cutmune: ["mu.nE] PF num. twomunge: ["m·u.N·E] PF vtr. take, bringmungwrr–: [muN."wr
"] PF adp. except
munsna: ["mun.sna] PF n. pairmuntrr: ["mun.tr
"] PF n. weekend
muntrram: ["mun.tr".am] PF n. last weekend
muntrray: ["mun.tr".aj] PF n. next weekend
muntxa: [mun."t'a] PF adj. mated, married
12
muntxa si: [mun."t'a "s·i] PF vin. mate (with so-meone), marry
muntxatan: [mun."t'a.tan] PF n. husband, malespouse
muntxate: [mun."t'a.tE] PF n. wife, femalespouse
muntxatu: [mun."t'a.tu] PF n. spousemuve: ["mu.vE] PF adj. second (ordinal)muwìntxu: [mu.w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. introduce,
present
N
na–: [na] PF adp. like, asna’rìng: ["naP.RIN] PF n. forestnaer: [na."ER] PF n. drink, something able to be
drunknafì’u: [na.fI."Pu] PF adj. suchnafpawng: [na."fpawN] PF adv. grievingly, with
griefnam’ake: [nam."Pa.kE] PF adv. confidentlynang: [naN] PF part. surprise, exclamation, en-
couragement (mirative)nari: ["na.Ri] PF n. eyenari si: ["na.Ri s·i] PF vin. watch out, be carefulnarlor: [naR."loR] PF adj. beautiful visuallynarvä’: [naR."væP] PF adj. ugly, unsightlynatkenong: [nat."kE.noN] PF conj. for example,
as an examplenawang: ["n·a.w·aN] PF vin. merge, become one
withnawfwe: [naw."fwE] PF adj. fluent (for speech)
Contraction of na hufwenawm: [nawm] PF adj. great, noblenawmtu: ["nawm.tu] PF n. great personnawri: ["naw.Ri] PF adj. talentednayn: [najn] PF n. the symbol 9 (not the value
nine)näk: [n·æk^] PF vtr. drinknän: [n·æn] PF vin. decreasene–: [nE] PF adp. to, towards (direction)ne’ìm: [nE."PIm] PF adv. back (direction)nefä: [nE."fæ] PF adv. up (direction)nekll: [nE."kl
"] PF adv. down (direction)
nekx: [n·Ek'] PF vtr. burn, consumenemfa–: ["nEm.fa] PF adp. into, insidenemrey: [nEm."REj] PF adv., intj. in a fashion as
if one’s life were at stakeneni: ["nE.ni] PF n. sandneto: [nE."to] PF adv. away (direction)netrìp: ["nEt.RIp^] PF adv. luckily, happilynew: [n·Ew] PF vtrm. want
newomum: [n·Ew."o.mum] PF svin. be curious,want to know
neympin: ["nEjm.pin] PF n. light colorneyn: [nEjn] PF adj. light colors, shades of whiteniä: [n·i.·"æ] PF vtr. grabnik: [nik^] PF adj. convenient, usable without
much expenditure of effortnikre: ["nik.RE] PF n. hairnikroi: [nik."Ro.i] PF n. hair adornmentniktsyey: ["nik.>tsjEj] PF n. food wrap (food items
wrapped in edible leaves or vines)nim: [nim] PF adj. timid, shyninan: ["ni.nan] PF adv. by readingningyen: ["niN.jEn] PF adv. mysteriously, in a
puzzling fashionnip: [n·ip^] PF vin. become stuck, get caught in
somethingnitram: [nit."Ram] PF adj. happy (of people)nivi: ["ni.vi] PF n. sleeping hammock (general
term)nì–: [nI] adverbial PFnì’al: [nI."Pal] PF adv. wastefullynì’aw: [nI."Paw] PF adv. onlynì’awtu: [nI."Paw.tu] PF adv. alone (as one per-
son)nì’awve: [nI."Paw.vE] PF adv. firstnì’en: [nI."PEn] PF adv. making an informed
guess, acting on intuitionnì’eng: [nI."PEN] PF adv. equally, on the same le-
velnì’eoio: [nI."PE.o.i.o] PF adv. ceremoniouslynì’eveng: [nI."PE.vEN] PF adv. like a child, imma-
turelynì’eyng: [nI."PEjN] PF adv. back, in response, in
answernì’i’a: [nI."PiP.a] PF adv. finally, at long lastnì’it: [nI."Pit^] PF adv. a bit, a small amount (ab-
stract)nì’o’: [nI."PoP] PF adv. in a manner which is en-
joyable, enjoyably
13
nì’ul: [nI."Pul] PF adv. morenì’ul’ul: [nI."Pul.Pul] PF adv. increasingly, more
and morenìawnomum: [nI.aw."no.mum] PF adv. as
you know, as is known (casual speech[naw."no.mum])
nìayoeng: [nI.aj."wEN] PF adv. like us, as we do(casual speech [naj."wEN])
nìfe’: [nI."fEP] PF adv. badlynìfkeytongay: [nI.fkEj.to."Naj] PF adv. actually,
as a matter of factnìfkrr: [nI."fkr
"] PF adv. lately, currently
nìflä: [nI."flæ] PF adv. successfullynìflrr: [nI."flr
"] PF adv. gently, tenderly
nìfmokx: [nI."fmok'] PF adv. jealously, en-viously
nìfnu: [nI."fnu] PF adv. silentlynìfpxamo: [nI."fp'a.mo] PF adv. horribly, terrib-
ly, awfullynìfrakrr: [nI."fRa.kr
"] PF adv. as always
nìfrir: [nI."fRiR] PF adv. in layersnìftär: [nI."ftæR] PF adv. to the leftnìftue: [nI."ftu.E] PF adv. easilynìftxan: [nI."ft'an] PF adv. so, to such an extentnìftxavang: [nI."ft'a.vaN] PF adv. passionately,
with all heartnìfwefwi: [nI."fwE.fwi] PF adv. by whistling, in
a whistling mannernìfya’o: [nI."fja.Po] PF adv. in a mannernìfyeyntu: [nI."fjEjn.tu] PF adv. like an adult,
maturelynìhawmpam: [nI."hawm.pam] PF adv. noisilynìhawng: [nI."hawN] PF adv. too, excessivelynìhay: [nI."haj] Prr adv. nextnìhek: [nI."hEk^] PF adv. strangely, oddly (sen-
tence, not manner, adverbial)nìhìpey: [nI."hI.pEj] PF adv. hesitantlynìhoan: [nI."ho.an] PF adv. comfortablynìhoet: [nI."ho.Et^] PF adv. widely, pervasivelynìhol: [nI."hol] PF adv. few, not manynìhona: [nI."ho.na] PF adv. endearingly, sweetlynìk’ärìp: [nIk."Pæ.RIp^] PF adv. steadily lit.:
’without letting it move’nìk’ong: [nIk."PoN] PF adv. slowlynìkanu: [nI."ka.nu] PF adv. intelligently, in a
smart waynìkeftxo: [nI.kE."ft'o] PF adv. unfortunately,
sadlynìkelkin: [nI.kEl."kin] PF adv. unnecessarily
nìkemweypey: [nI.kEm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. impa-tiently
nìklonu: [nIk.lo."nu] PF adv. firmly, steadfastly,faithfully lit.: ’without releasing it’
nìkmar: [nIk."maR] PF adv. in the right season,opportunely
nìksman: [nIk."sman] PF adv. wonderfullynìksran: [nIk."sRan] PF adv. in a mediocre man-
nernìktungzup: [nIk.tuN."zup^] PF adv. carefully,
firmly lit.: ’without letting it fall’nìkx: [nIk'] PF n. gravelnìkxap: [nI."k'ap^] PF adv. threateninglynìkxem: [nI."k'Em] PF adv. verticallynìlam: [nI."lam] PF adv. apparentlynìlaw: [nI."law] PF adv. clearlynìler: [nI."lER] PF adv. steadilynìli: [nI."li] PF adv. in advancenìlkeftang: [nIl.kE."ftaN] PF adv. continuously,
incessantly, without stoppingnìloho: [nI."lo.ho] PF adv. surprisinglynìltsan: [nIl.">tsan] PF adv. wellnìlun: [nI."lun] PF adv. of course, logically,
following common sensenìmal: [nI."mal] PF adv. trustingly, without he-
sitationnìmeyp: [nI."mEjp^] PF adv. weakly, looselynìmun: [nI."mun] PF adv. againnìmwey: [nIm."wEj] PF adv. calmly, peacefullynìmweypey: [nIm."wEj.pEj] PF adv. patientlynìn: [n·In] PF vtr. look atnìNa’vi: [nI."naP.vi] PF adv. like the Na’vi,
Na’vi-lynìnäk: [nI."næk^] PF adv. by drinking, in a liquid
waynìnän: [nI."næn] PF adv. lessnìnänän: [nI."næn.æn] PF adv. decreasingly, less
and lessnìnew: [nI."nEw] PF adv. voluntarily, willingly,
by desirenìngay: [nI."Naj] PF adv. trulynìngong: [nI."NoN] PF adv. lethargically, lazilynìno: [nI."no] PF adv. in detail, expansively, tho-
roughlynìnrra: [nI."nr
".a] PF adv. proudly, with pride
nìnu: [nI."nu] PF adv. failingly, falteringly, invain, fruitlessly, not achieving the desired or ex-pected end
14
nìolo’: [nI.o."loP] PF adv. (together) as membersof a clan
nìprrte’: [nI."pr".tEP] PF adv. pleasurably, gladly,
with pleasurenìpxay: [nI."p'aj] PF adv. many, manilynìpxi: [nI."p'i] PF adv. especially, pointedly, un-
ambiguouslynìpxim: [nI."p'im] PF adv. erectly, rightlynìran: [nI."Ran] PF adv. basically, fundamentally,
in essencenìrangal: [nI."Ra.Nal] PF adv. wish (contrary to
fact, with perfective or imperfective subjuncti-ve)
nìrìkxi: [nI.RI."k'i] PF adv. shakily, tremblinglynìronsrel: [nI."Ron.sREl] PF adv. in imagination,
by imaginationnìsìlpey: [nI.sIl."pej] PF adv. hopefullynìskien: [nI."ski.En] PF adv. to the rightnìslele: [nI."slE.lE] PF adv. by swimmingnìsngä’i: [nI."sNæ.Pi] PF adv. originally, at firstnìsngum: [nI."sNum] PF adv. worryingly, fretful-
lynìso’ha: [nI."soP.ha] PF adv. enthusiasticallynìsoaia: [nI.so."a.i.a] PF adv. (together) as mem-
bers of a familynìsteng: [nI."stEN] PF adv. similarlynìsti: [nI."sti] PF adv. angrilynìsung: [nI."suN] PF adv. besides, additionally,
furthermorenìswey: [nI."swEj] PF adv. optimally, bestnìsyayvi: [nI."sjaj.vi] PF adv. by chance or coin-
cidencenìsyen: [nI."sjEn] PF adv. lastlynìsyep: [nI."sjEp^] PF adv. tightly, in an iron grip
lit.: ’like a trap’nìt’iluke: [nIt."Pi.lu.kE] PF adv. never-endingly,
forevernìtam: [nI."tam] PF adv. enoughnìteng: [nI."tEN] PF adv. too, also, as well, likewi-
senìtengfya: [nI."tEN.fja] PF adv. as, same way as
(similar action)nìtkan: [nIt."kan] PF adv. purposefully, delibera-
telynìtkanluke: [nIt."kan.lu.ke] PF adv. accidental-
ly, unintentionallynìtrrtrr: [nI."tr
".tr"] PF adv. on a daily basis, regu-
larly
nìtsim: [nI.">tsim] PF adv. originally, in an origi-nal way, with originality
nìtsìsyì: [nI.">tsI.sjI] PF adv. by whispering, in awhisper
nìtsleng: [nI.">tslEN] PF adv. falselynìtson: [nI.">tson] PF adv. dutifully, as an obliga-
tionnìtsyìl: [nI.">tsjIl] PF adv. by climbingnìtut: [nI."tut^] PF adv. continuallynìtxan: [nI."t'an] PF adv. much (abstract), verynìtxankeltrrtrr: [nI."t'an.kEl.tr
".tr"] PF adv. ex-
traordinarilynìtxay: [nI."t'aj] PF adv. horizontallynìtxi: [nI."t'i] PF adv. hurriedly, in a frenzied waynìtxiluke: [nI."t'i.lu.kE] PF adv. unhurriedly, lei-
surelynìtxukx: [nI."t'uk'] PF adv. deeplynìvingkap: [nI."viN.kap^] PF adv. by the way, in-
cidentallynìwan: [nI."wan] PF adv. secretly, in hiding, by
hidingnìwawe: [nI.wa."wE] PF adv. meaningfully, sig-
nificantlynìwä: [nI."wæ] PF adv. on the contrary, conver-
selynìwäte: [nI.wæ."tE] PF adv. disagreeably, be-
grudginglynìwin: [nI."win] PF adv. fast, quicklynìwok: [nI."wok^] PF adv. loudlynìwotx: [nI."wot'] PF adv. all (of), in toto, com-
pletelynìyawr: [nI."jawR] PF adv. correctly, rightlynìyewla: [nI."jEw.la] PF adv. in a disappointing
fashion, in a way failing to meet expectationsnìyey: [nI."jEj] PF adv. directly, straight to the
pointnìyeyfya: [nI."jEj.fja] PF adv. straight ahead, in
a straight linenìyll: [nI."jl
"] PF adv. communally, in a communal
mannernìyo’: [nI."joP^] PF adv. perfectly, flawlesslynìyol: [nI."jol] PF adv. briefly, shortly (of time)nìyrr: [nI."jr
"] PF adv. naturally, without tampe-
ring with or changing the naturenìzawnong: [nI."zaw.noN] PF adv. safelynìzen: [nI."zEn] PF adv. necessarilynokx: [n·ok'] PF vtr. give birth tonong: [n·oN] PF vtr. follow, proceed after
15
nongspe’: [n·oN."sp·EP] PF vtr. pursue with anintent to capture
nopx: [n·op'] PF vtr. put away, storenrr: [n·r
"] PF vin. glow, be luminous
nrra: ["nr".a] PF n. pride, feeling of pride
nuä+: ["nu.æ] PF adp. beyondnui: ["n·u.·i] PF vin. fail, falter, go astray, not ob-
tain expected or desired resultnulkrr: [nul."kr
"] PF adv. longer (time)
nulnew: [nul."n·Ew] PF vtrm. prefer (ii)
nume: ["n·u.m·E] PF vin. learnnumeyu: ["nu.mE.ju] PF n. studentnumtseng: ["num.
>tsEN] PF n. school
numtsengvi: ["num.>tsEN.vi] PF n. classroom, di-
vision of a schoolnumultxa: [nu.mul."t'a] PF n. class (for instruc-
tion)numultxatu: [nu.mul."t'a.tu] PF n. classmate,
member of a classnutx: [nut'] PF adj. thick
Ng
nga: [Na] PF pn. younga’: [NaP] PF vtr. containngam: [Nam] PF n. echongampam: ["Nam.pam] PF n. rhymengampam si: ["Nam.pam s·i] PF vin. rhymengatsyìp: ["Na.>tsjIp^] PF pn. little you, you littlengawng: [NawN] PF n. wormngay: [Naj] PF adj. truengaytxoa: [Naj."t'o.a] PF intj. sorry, my apologies
(acknowledgment of guilt and regret)ngä’än: [N·æ."P·æn] PF vin. suffer mentally or
emotionally, be miserablengäng: [NæN] PF n. stomachngäzìk: ["Næ.zIk^] PF adj. difficult, hardngenga: [NE."Na] PF pn. you (honorific form)ngep: [NEp^] PF n. navelnget: [NEt^] PF adj. smell of decaying wood and
leaves, dank (non-animal decay)
ngeyn: [NEjn] PF adj. tiredngian: [Ni."an] PF,SW adv. howeverngim: [Nim] PF adj. long (physical length)ngimpup: [Nim."pup^] PF n. lengthngip: [Nip^] PF n. space, open or borderless areangoa: ["No.a] PF n. mudngong: [NoN] PF adj. lethargic, lacking sufficient
energy, lazyngop: [N·op^] PF vtr. createngopyu: ["Nop.ju] PF n. creatorngrr: [Nr
"] PF n. root
ngrrpongu: ["Nr".po.Nu] PF n. grassroots move-
mentngul: [Nul] PF adj. grey, drabngulpin: ["Nul.pin] PF n. greynguway: ["Nu.waj] PF n. howl, viperwolf cry
O
oare: [o."a.RE] PF n. moonoe: ["o.E] PF pn. I, meoeng: ["wEN] PF pn. we two, us two (dual inclu-
sive), you and Ioetsyìp: ["wE.
>tsjIp^] PF pn. little me, little I
oeyk: [o."Ejk^] PF n. causeoeyktìng: [o."Ejk.t·IN] PF vtr. explain (why) (ii)ohakx: [o."hak'] PF adj. hungryohe: ["o.hE] PF pn. I (deferential or ceremonial
form)oìsss: [o."Isss] LA intj. angry snarl, ’watch it!’
oìsss si: [o."Isss s·i] PF vin. hissokup: ["o.kup^] PF n. milkolo’: [o."loP] PF n. clanolo’eyktan: [o.lo."PEjk.tan] JC n. clan leaderomum: [·o."m·um] PF vtr. know (stress moves
to first syllable with infixation)onlor: [on."loR] PF adj. good-smellingontsang: ["on.>tsaN] PF n. nose ringontu: ["on.tu] JC n. noseonvä’: [on."væP] PF adj. bad-smelling
16
P
pa’o: ["pa.Po] PF n. sidepak: [pak^] PF part. disparagementpalon: ["p·a.l·on] PF vin. burnpam: [pam] PF n. soundpamrel: [pam."REl] PF n. writingpamrelfya: [pam."REl.fja] PF n. spellingpamrel si: [pam."REl "s·i] PF vin. writepamrelsiyu: [pam."rEl.si.ju] PF n. writerpamrelvi: [pam."REl.vi] PF n. letter (phonetic
symbol)pamrelvul: [pam."rel.vul] n. pen, pencil, lit. åri-
ting stick."pamrelvul lerìn: [pam."rel.vul le."RIn] PF n.
pencil, lit. åooden writing stick."pamtseo: ["pam.
>tsE.o] PF n. music
pamtseongopyu: [pam.>tsE.o."Nop.ju] PF n. mu-
sic creator, composer eg. James Hornerpamtseo si: ["pam.
>tsE.o "s·i] PF vin. play music
(with fa for instrument played)pamtseotu: ["pam.
>tsE.o.tu] PF n. musician
pamuvan: ["pam.u.van] PF n. sound playpan: [pan] PF n. third, one thirdparul: [pa."Rul] PF n. miracleparulnga’: [pa."Rul.NaP] PF adj. miraculous nfp.parultsyìp: [pa."Rul.>tsjIp^] PF n. term of affection
for childrenpaskalin: [pa.ska."lin] PF n. sweet berry (term of
endearment)pasuk: ["pa.suk^] PF n. berrypate: ["p·a.t·E] ZS v. get to a place, arrivepaw: [p·aw] PF vin. grow; germinate and develop
(of a plant)pawk: [pawk^] PF n. horn, wind instrumentpawm: [p·awm] PF v. askpay: [paj] PF n. water, liquidpayfya: ["paj.fja] PF n. streampayìva: ["paj.I.va] PF n. drop of waterpaynga’: ["paj.NaP] PF adj. moist, humid, damppayoang: [paj."o.aN] PF n. fishpaysena: ["paj.sE.na] PF n. water containerpaysmung: ["paJ.smuN] PF n. water carrierpaytxew: [paj."t'Ew] PF n. shoreline, water’s
edgepähem: ["p·æ.h·Em] PF vin. arrivepängkxo: [p·æN."k'·o] PF vin. chat, converse,
have a conversation
pängkxoyu: [pæN."k'o.ju] PF n. chatter, conver-ser
pängkxoyu lekoren: [pæN."k'o.ju lE.ko."REn]PF n. lawyer
pänu: ["pæ.nu] PF n. promisepänutìng: ["pæ.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. promise (a thing
to someone) (ii)–pe+: [pE] PF affix inter. markerpe’un: ["p·E.P·un] PF vtr. decidepefnel: [pE."fnEl] PF inter. which kindpefya: [pE."fja] PF inter. howpefyinep’ang: [pE.fjin.Ep."PaN] PF inter. how
complex? variant of fyinep’angpepehem: [pE."hEm] PF inter. what (action) (c.w.
from kem action, deed)pehrr: [pE."hr
"] PF inter. when (c.w. from krr ti-
me)pekxinum: [pE."k'in.um] PF inter. how tight,
loose?pelì’u: [pE."lI.Pu] PF inter. what (word,
utterance)pelun: [pE."lun] PF inter. whypeng: [p·EN] PF vtr. tellpenghrr: [p·EN."hr
"] PF vin. warn
peseng: [pE."sEN] PF inter. wherepeslosnep: [pE.slo."snEp^] PF inter. what width,
how wide? variant of slosneppepesomwew: [pE.som."wEw] PF inter. what tem-
perature?pesu: [pE."su] PF inter. whopeu: [pE."u] PF inter. what (thing)pewn: [pEwn] PF n. neckpey: [p·Ej] PF vin. wait, wait forpiak: [pi."ak^] PF adj. open, clear (for cloudless
skies)piak si: [pi."ak^ s·i] PF vin. openpil: [pil] PF n. facial stripepinvul: ["pin.vul] PF n. crayon short for ’opin-
vultsyìppizayu: ["pi.za.ju] PF n. ancestorpìmtxan: [pIm."t'an] PF inter. how muchpìsaw: [pI."saw] PF adj. clumsy, accident-pronepìwopx: [pI."wop'] PF n. cloudpìwopxtsyìp: [pI."wop'.
>tsjIp] PF n. nebula lit.:
’little cloud’pllhrr: [p·l
"."hr
"] PF vin. warn
pllngay: [p·l"."Naj] PF vin. admit
17
plltxe: [p·l"."t'·E] PF v. speak
plltxeyu: [pl"."t'E.ju] PF n. speaker
po: [po] PF pn. he, shepoan: [po."an] PF pn. he (no plural form: use
(ay)fo)poe: [po."E] PF pn. she (no plural form: use
(ay)fo)polpxay: [pol."p'aj] PF inter. how manypom: [p·om] PF vtr. kisspongu: ["po.Nu] PF n. a group or party of people
ofp.prrku: ["pr
".ku] PF n. womb
prrkxentrrkrr: [pr".k'En.tr
".kr
"] Skxawng n. day ti-
me smoking pleasure, vibrating tongue (Na’vi
idiom) (c.w. from prrte’ pleasurable, kxenersmoke, trr day and krr time)
prrnen: ["pr".nEn] PF n. infant, baby
prrnesyul: ["pr".nE.sjul] PF n. bud
prrsmung: ["pr".smuN] PF n. baby carrier
prrte’: ["pr".tEP] PF adj. pleasurable (of an activi-
ty)prrwll: ["pr
".wl
"] Prr n. moss
pukap: ["pu.kap^] PF num. sixpum: [pum] PF pn. one (place-holder pronoun
referring to a previously mentioned nounor pronoun)
pup: [pup^] PF adj. short (physical length)puve: ["pu.vE] PF adj. sixth (ordinal)
Px
pxan: [p'an] PF adj. worthypxasìk: ["p'a.sIk^] PF intj. screw that!, no way!
(vulgar)pxasul: ["p'a.sul] PF adj. fresh, appealing as foodpxaw–: [p'aw] PF adp. aroundpxawngip: ["p'aw.Nip^] PF n. environmentpxawpa: ["p'aw.pa] PF n. perimeter, circumfe-
rence, borderpxawpxun: ["p'aw.p'un] PF n. armbandpxay: [p'aj] PF adj. many (used with singular
or plural noun forms)pxayopin: ["p'aj.o.pin] PF adj. colorful, multico-
lored, variegatedpxek: [p'·Ek^] PF vtr. kick, shovepxel–: [p'El] PF adp. like, aspxelo: ["p'E.lo] PF adv. thrice, three timespxen: [p'En] PF n. functional clothing (item of)pxesrram: [p'E.sr
"."am] PF n., adv. three days ago
pxesrray: [p'E.sr"."aj] PF n., adv. three days from
now
pxey: [p'Ej] PF num. threepxeyve: ["p'Ej.vE] PF adj. third (ordinal)pxi: [p'i] PF adj. sharp (as a point)pxim: [p'im] PF adj. erect, uprightpximaw–: [p'i."maw] PF adp. right afterpxiset: [p'i."sEt^] PF adv. right nowpxisre+: [p'i."sRE] PF adp. right beforepxiswawam: [p'i.swaw."am] PF adv. just a mo-
ment agopxiswaway: [p'i.swaw."aj] PF adv. in just a se-
cond from nowpxiye’rìn: [p'i."jEP.RIn] PF adv. immediately (not
as soon as pxiswaway)pxìm: [p'Im] PF adv. oftenpxìmun’i: [p'I.m·un.P"·i] PF vtr. divide, cut into
partspxor: [p'·oR] PF vin. explodepxorpam: ["p'oR.pam] PF n. ejective consonantpxun: [p'un] PF n. armpxuntil: ["p'un.til] PF n. elbow
R
ral: [Ral] PF n. meaning
ralnga’: ["Ral.NaP] PF adj. meaningful, instructi-ve, something from which a lesson can be lear-ned
ralpeng: [Ral."p·EN] PF vtr. interpret (ii)
ram: [Ram] PF n. mountain
ramtsyìp: ["Ram.>tsjIp^] PF n. hill
ramunong: [Ra."mu.noN] PF n. well
ran: [Ran] PF n. intrinsic character or nature, es-sence, constititution; basic nature of somethingresulting from the totality of its properties; of-ten best translated as personality
rangal: ["R·a.N·al] PF vin. wishraspu’: [Ra."spuP] PF n. leggings (used in war)raw–: [Raw] PF adp. down torawke: ["Raw.kE] PF intj. alarm cry, call to defen-
se
18
rawm: [Rawm] PF n. lightning (general term)rawmpxom: ["Rawm.p'om] PF n. thunder and
lightningrawn: [R·awn] PF vtr. replace, substituterawng: [rawN] PF n. entrance, doorwayrä’ä: [Ræ."Pæ] PF part. do not (for negative impe-
ratives, commands only)räptum: [ræp."tum] PF adj. coarse, vulgar, soci-
ally unacceptablere’o: ["RE.Po] PF n. headrel: [REl] PF n. image, picturerel arusikx: ["rEl a.ru."sikx] PF n. movie, film,
videoreltseo: ["REl.>tsE.o] PF n. visual artreltseotu: ["REl.>tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (visual)relvul: ["REl.vul] PF n. pen, pencil, lit. åriting
stick."(short form of pamrelvul)rem: [rEm] PF n. fuelreng: [REN] PF adj. shallow (physically) nfp.rengop: ["rE.N·op^] PF vtr. design (finer detail)renten: ["REn.tEn] PF n. goggles, (made from in-
sect wings, carved from wood, etc)renu: ["RE.nu] PF n. patternrenulke: ["RE.nul.kE] PF adj. irregular, randomrewon: ["RE.won] PF n. morningrey: [R·Ej] PF vin. liverey’eng: [REj."PEN] PF n. the Balance of Lifereyfya: ["REj.fja] PF n. way of living, culturereykol: [REj."kol] PF vtr. play music, make to sing
(poetic)reym: [REjm] PF n. dry landreypay: ["REj.paj] PF n. bloodreypaytun: ["REj.paj.tun] PF adj. red (“blood
tun")rikx: [R·ik'] PF vin. move, shift positionrim: [Rim] PF adj. yellow
rimpin: ["Rim.pin] PF n. yellowrina’: [Ri."naP] PF n. seedripx: [R·ip'] PF vtr. piercerì’ìr: ["RI.PIR] PF n. reflectionrì’ìr si: ["RIP.IR s·i] PF vin. reflect, imitaterìk: [RIk^] PF n. leafrìkean: ["RI.kE.an] PF adj. leaf greenrìkxi: [r·I."k'·i] PF vin. tremble, shake, shiverrìn: [RIn] PF n. woodro+: [Ro] PF adp. at (locative)ro’a: ["R·o.P·a] PF vin. be impressive, inspire awe
or respectrofa–: ["Ro.fa] PF adp. beside, alongsiderol: [R·ol] PF v. singrolun: [Ro."lun] PF intj. Eureka! I’ve found it!rong: [RoN] PF n. tunnelronguway: [R·o."Nu.waj] PF vin. howlronguwayyu: [Ro."Nu.waj.ju] PF n. howlerronsem: ["Ron.sEm] PF n. mindronsrel: ["Ron.sREl] PF n. something imaginedronsrelngop: ["Ron.sREl.N·op^] PF vtr. imagi-
ne, envision (c.w. of ronsem mind, relpicture, ngop create, casual pronunciation["Ron.sREw.Nop^] )
ropx: [Rop'] PF n. hole (going clear through anobject)
rou: ["R·o.·u] PF vin. be, or get drunk (exampleuse: rou fa pxir)
rum: [Rum] PF n. ballrun: [R·un] PF vtr. find, discoverrurur: [Ru."RuR] PF n. water that is aeriated whi-
le flowing among the rocks of a very graduallysloping stream (countable)
rusey: [Ru."sEj] PF adj., n. alive, living, livingthing
rutxe: [Ru."t'E] PF intj. please
S
sa: [s·a] PF vin. rise to a challengesa’ewrang: [sa."PEw.RaN] PF n. mother loom, gi-
ant loomsa’nok: ["saP.nok^] PF n. mother (from
sa’atenuk C)sa’nu: ["saP.nu] PF n. mum, mommy (affectiona-
te form of sa’nok mother)sa’nutsyìp: ["saP.nu.>tsjIp^] PF n. little mommy
(used for young girls)sa’sem: ["saP.sEm] PF n. parent or set of parents
saa: ["sa:] LA intj. threatening crysaho: [sa."ho] PF n. prayersalew: [s·a."l·Ew] PF v. proceed, gosalewfya: [sa."lEw.fja] PF n. direction, coursesan: [san] PF adv. saying, quotesang: [saN] PF adj. warmsar: [s·aR] PF vtr. usesat: [sat^] PF pn. that (lenited form of tsat)satu’li: [sa."tuP.li] PF n. heritage (Note: Also
name of canteen at Disney’s Pandora)
19
sau: [sa."u] LA intj. exclamation upon exertion,urgh
saylahe: [saj."la.hE] PF adv. ’et cetera’ (contrac-tion)
sayrìp: ["saj.RIp^] PF adj. handsome, good lookingofp. (male)
sä’anla: [sæ."Pan.la] PF n. yearningsä’eoio: [sæ."PE.o.i.o] PF n. ceremony, ritual, ritesä’eoio si: [sæ."PE.o.i.o s·i] PF vin. take part in a
ceremony, perform a ritualsä’ipu: [sæ."Pi.pu] PF n. something humoroussä’o: ["sæ.Po] PF n. tool, utensilsäfe’ul: [sæ."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (specific in-
stance)säflä: [sæ."flæ] PF n. success (an instance of suc-
ceeding)säfmi: [sæ."fmi] PF n. attemptsäfngo’: [sæ."fNoP] PF n. requirement, demandsäfpìl: [sæ."fpIl] PF n. ideasäftxulì’u: [sæ.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech, orationsäfyep: [sæ."fjEp^] PF n. handlesähena: [sæ."hE.na] PF n. container, vessel, car-
riersäkanom: [sæ."ka.nom] PF n. something acqui-
red, an acquisition, a possessionsäkxange: [sæ."k'a.NE] PF n. yawnsälang: [sæ."laN] PF n. an exploration or investi-
gationsälatem: [sæ."la.tEm] PF n. change (instance of),
edit, modificationsälätxayn: [sæ.læ."t'ajn] PF n. defeat, an instan-
ce of defeatsäleymfe’: [sæ.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complaintsäleymkem: [sæ.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protest, in-
stance of protestingsämok: [sæ."mok^] PF n. a suggestionsämunge: [sæ."mu.NE] PF n. transportation tool
or device Note: In compounds, the ä and edrop, yielding –smung
sämyam: [sæm."yam] PF n. hug, embracesängä’än: [sæ.Næ."Pæn] PF n. bout of suffering;
episode of depressionsängop: [sæ."Nop^] PF n. creationsänrr: [sæ."nr
"] PF n. glow, an instance of glowing;
light source, lampsänui: [sæ."nu.i] PF n. failure (particular instance
of failure)sänume: [sæ."nu.mE] PF n. teaching, instructionsänumvi: [sæ."num.vi] PF n. lesson
säomum: [sæ."o.mum] PF n. (piece of) informa-tion
säpenghrr: [sæ.pEN."hr"] PF n. warning
säpllhrr: [sæ.pl"."hr
"] PF n. warning
säplltxe: [sæ.pl"."t'E] PF n. statement
säplltxevi: [sæ.pl"."t'E.vi] PF n. comment
säpom: [sæ."pom] PF n. kisssärawn: [sæ."Rawn] PF n. replacement, substitu-
te, something that replaces something elsesärengop: [sæ."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (a particu-
lar instance of designing)säro’a: [sæ."Ro.Pa] PF n. feat, accomplishment,
great deedsäro’a si: [sæ."Ro.Pa s·i] PF vin. do great deedssäseyto: [sæ.sEj."to] PF n. butchering toolsäsìlpey: [sæ.sIl."pEj] PF n. hope (particular in-
stance)säspxin: [sæ."sp'in] PF n. disease, sickness, ill-
nesssäspxintsyìp: [sæ."sp'in.
>tsjIp^] PF n. minor ail-
mentsäsrätx: [sæ."sRæt'] PF n. annoyancesäsrìn: [sæ."sRIn] PF n. lent or borrowed thingsästarsìm: [sæ."staR.sIm] PF n. collection (put to-
gether intentionally by a person)säsulìn: [sæ."su.lIn] PF n. hobby, pleasure-
yielding activitysäsyep: [sæ."sjEp^] PF n. trapsätare: [sæ."ta.RE] PF n. connection, relationshipsätaron: [sæ."ta.Ron] PF n. huntsätsan’ul: [sæ."
>tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement
(specific instance)sätsìsyì: [sæ."
>tsI.sjI] PF n. whisper
sätswayon: [sæ.">tswaj.on] PF n. flight (an in-
stance of flying)sätsyìl: [sæ."
>tsjIl] PF n. climbing event, a climb
sävll: [sæ."vl"] PF n. sign, indication, signal
säwäsul: [sæ."wæ.sul] PF n. a competitionsäwäsultsyìp: [sæ."wæ.sul.
>tsjIp^] PF n. a con-
testsäwäte: [sæ.wæ."tE] PF n. point of contention,
source of argument, thing disputedsäwìngay: [sæ.wI."Naj] PF n. proof (particular
instance)säwìntxu: [sæ.wIn."t'u] PF n. a showing, an ex-
hibitionsäyäkx: [sæ."Jæk'] PF n. snubsäzärìp: [sæ."zæ.RIp^] RL,PF n. face lead, rein
20
se’ayl: [sE."Pajl] PF n. an individual tall, thin wa-terfall that pours down a sheer high cliff, or offof a floating mountain (countable)
sekrr: ["sE.kr"] PF n. present
semkä: [sEm."kæ] PF n. bridgesempu: ["sEm.pu] PF n. daddy (affectionate
form of sempul father)sempul: ["sEm.pul] PF n. fatherset: [sEt^] PF adv. nowsevin: [sE."vin] PF adj. pretty ofp. (female)sey: [sEj] PF n. cup or bowl minimally modified
from naturally occuring resourcesseykxel: [sEj."k'El] PF adj. strong (emotionally,
spiritually, not physical), confidentseyn: [sEjn] PF n. chair, stool, bench; any tool or
device to facilitate sittingseyri: ["sEj.Ri] JC n. lipseysonìltsan: [sEj.so.nIl.">tsan] PF intj. well do-
ne! (derived from hasey soli nìltsan accom-plished well)
seyto: [s·Ej."to] PF vtr. butcher (in the sense ofseparating or processing the carcass of a deadanimal)
si: [s·i] auxiliary verb, postpositional non-bound verb do, make PF
sim: [s·im] PF svin. be nearsì: [sI] PF conj. and (connects two things, can
be attached as –sì: for clauses use ulte and)sìk: [sIk^] PF adv. unquotesìlpey: [sIl."p·Ej] PF vin. hope (with tsnì for thing
hoped, unless in independent clause) (ii)sìlronsem: [sIl."Ron.sEm] PF adj. clever, smart
(thing)sìltsan: [sIl.">tsan] PF adj. good (of its kind), well
donesìn–: [sIn] PF adp. on, ontoska’a: [sk·a."P·a] PF vtr. destroyskepek: ["skE.pEk^] PF adj. formalskiempa: ["ski.Em.pa] PF n. right sideskien: ["ski.En] PF adj. right (not left)sko+: [sko] PF adp. something as, in the capacity
of, or in the role of, something elseskxakep: ["sk'a.kEp^] PF adj., adv. probable, pro-
bablyskxawng: [sk'awN] PF n. moron, idiotskxir: [sk'iR] PF n. woundskxir si: ["sk'iR "s·i] PF vin. woundskxirtsyìp: ["sk'iR.>tsjIp^] PF n. cut, bruise, minor
wound
skxom: [sk'om] PF n. chance, opportunitysla’tsu: ["sl·aP.>ts·u] PF vtr. describeslan: [sl·an] PF vtr. support (emotional, social or
personal support) ofp.slantire: [slan.ti."RE] PF n. inspirationslantire si: [slan.ti."RE s·i] PF vin. inspireslayk: [sl·aJk^] PF vtr. brush, combslä: [slæ] PF conj. butsläkop: ["slæ.kop^] PF adv. but alsoslär: [slæR] PF n. caveslele: ["sl·E.l·E] PF vin. swimsleyku: [slEj."k·u] PF vtr. producesloa: ["slo.a] PF adj. widesloan: [sl·o."·an] PF vtr. pourslosnep: [slo."snEp^] PF n. widthslosneppe: [slo."snE.pE] PF inter. what width,
how wide? variant of peslosnepslu: [sl·u] PF vin. become (noun predicate with
ne in ambiguous constructions)slukx: [sluk'] PF n. horn of an animalsmar: [smaR] PF n. prey, hunted thingsmon: [sm·on] PF vin. be familiar, be known
(with dative)sna’o: ["sna.Po] PF n. set, group, pile, clump,
stand nfp.snafpìlfya: [sna."fpIl.fja] PF n. philosophy lit.: ’a
group of mindsets’snanumultxa: [sna.nu.mul."t'a] PF n. course (as
a collection of classes)snapamrelvi: [sna.pam."REl.vi] PF n. alphabetsnatanhì: [sna.tan."hI] PF n. constellation lit.: ’a
clump of stars’snatanhìtsyìp: [sna.tan."hI.>tsjIp] PF n. star
clustersnatxärem: [sna."t'æ.REm] PF n. skeleton lit.:
’set of bones’snayì: [sna."jI] PF n. staircase, series of step-like
levelssnaytu: ["snaj.tu] PF n. losersnaytx: [sn·ajt'] PF vtr. losesnäm: [sn·æm] PF vin. rot, decay, degrade over
timesnep: [snEp^] PF adj. narrowsnew: [sn·Ew] PF vtr. constrict, tightensnewsye: ["snEw.sjE] PF adj. weird, spookysneyä: ["snE.jæ] PF pn. his own, her own, its ownsngap: [sN·ap^] PF vtr. stingsngä’i: ["sN·æ.P·i] PF vim. begin, start
21
sngä’ikrr: ["sNæ.Pi.kr"] PF n. beginning, starting
timesngä’itseng: ["sNæ.PI.
>tsEN] PF n. beginning,
starting position, initial locationsngä’iyu: ["sNæ.Pi.ju] PF n. beginnersngel: [sNEl] PF n. garbage, trash, rubbishsngeltseng: ["sNEl.>tsEN] PF n. rubbish place, gar-
bage dumpsngum: [sNum] PF n. worrysngum si: [sNum s·i] PF vin. worrysngumtsim: ["sNum.
>tsim] PF n. worrisome mat-
ter, source of worrysngunga’: ["sNu.NaP] PF adj. worrisome,
troublingsno: [sno] PF pn. his self, her self, its self (reflex-
ive, genitive form sneyä)snokfyan: ["snok.fjan] PF n. personal belongings
racksnolup: ["sno.lup^] PF n. personal style or aesthe-
tic, presencesnomo: ["sno.mo] PF n. private space that one can
retreat tosnonivi: ["sno.ni.vi] PF n. single-person ham-
mocksnonrra: [sno."nr
".a] PF n. self-pride (negative
connotation)snotipx: [sno."tip'] PF n. self-controlSnrrtsyìp: ["snr
".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha Centauri C
aka Proxima Centauri (Colloquial)snumìna: ["snu.mI.na] CP adj. dim ofp. (refers
to a ’dim’ person)so’ha: ["s·oP.h·a] PF vtr. be enthusiastic about,
show enthusiasm for, be excited about (Note:Being enthusiastic is always transitive inNa’vi -PF)
so’yu: ["so.ju] PF n. colloquial form of txan-so’hayu (fan, enthusiast)
soaia: [so."a.i.a] PF n. family (irregular genitiveform soaiä)
sok: [sok^] PF adj. recentsom: [som] PF adj. hotsomwew: [som."wEw] PF n. temperaturesomwewpe: [som."wEw.pE] PF inter. what tem-
perature? (more common)sop: [s·op^] PF vin. travelsopyu: ["sop.ju] PF n. travellersosul: [so."sul] PF adj. pleasant smell of nearby
running water, rain, moist vegetationspaw: [sp·aw] PF vtr. believe
spä: [sp·æ] PF v. jumpspäpeng: [spæ."p·EN] PF vin. restore oneself (me-
taphorically)spe’e: [sp·E."P·E] PF vtr. capturespe’etu: [spE."PE.tu] PF n. captivespeng: [sp·EN] PF vtr. restorespono: ["spo.no] PF n. islandspule: ["sp·u.l·E] PF vtr. propelspulmokri: [spul."mok.Ri] PF n. telephonespulyaney: [spul.ja."nEj] PF n. canoe paddlespuwin: ["spu.win] PF adj. old, former nfp.spxam: [sp'am] PF n. mushroom, fungusspxin: [sp'in] PF adj. sicksrak(e): ["sRak(E)] PF part. inter. marker for yes
or no questionssran: [sRan] PF part., intj. yes (colloquial)srane: ["sRa.nE] PF part., intj. yessrankehe: [sRan."kE.hE] PF part., intj. more or
less, somewhat, yes and no, kind ofsraw: [sRaw] PF adj. painfulsrä: [sRæ] PF n. cloth; a piece of cloth woven on a
loomsrätx: [sR·æt'] PF vtr. annoy, bothersre+: [sRE] PF adp. before (time)sre’: [sREP] PF n. toothsrefey: [sRE."f·Ej] PF vtr., vin. expectsrefpìl: [sRE."fp·Il] PF vtr. assumesrefwa: ["sRE.fwa] PF conj. beforesrekamtrr: [sRE."kam.tr
"] PF n. the time before
noonsrekamtxon: [sRE."kam.t'on] PF n. before mid-
nightsrekrr: [sRE."kr
"] PF adv. before, already, ahead of
timesrer: [sR·ER] PF vin. appear, materialize, come into
viewsrese’a: [sRE.s·E."P·a] PF vtr. prophetize, prophe-
size, prophesy, predictsresrr’ong: [sRE.sr
"."PoN] PF n. before dawn
sreton’ong: [sRE.ton."PoN] PF n. dusk, eveningbefore sunset
srew: [sR·Ew] PF vin. dancesrey: [sREj] PF n. versionsrìn: [sR·In] PF vtr. transfer from one to another
(rarely used without prefix)srok: [sRok^] PF n. bead (decorative)sru’: [sR·uP] PF vtr. crush, tramplesrung: [sRuN] PF n. help, assistancesrunga’: ["sRu.NaP] PF adj. helpful nfp.
22
srung si: ["sRuN "s·i] PF vin. helpsrungsiyu: ["sRuN.si.ju] PF n. assistant, helpersrungtsyìp: ["sRuN.>tsjIp^] PF n. helpful hint, tipstarlì’u: ["staR.lI.Pu] PF n. adpositionstarsìm: ["st·aR.s·Im] PF vtr. gather, collectstawm: [st·awm] PF vtr. hearstawmtswo: ["stawm.
>tswo] PF n. (sense of) hea-
ringstä’nì: ["st·æP.n·I] PF vtr. catchsteftxaw: [st·E."ft'·aw] PF vtr. examine, checksteng: [stEN] PF adj. similarsteyki: [stEj."k·i] PF vtr. anger, make someone an-
grysti: [st·i] PF vin. anger (intransitive), be angrystiwi: ["sti.wi] PF n. mischiefstiwinga’: ["sti.wi.NaP] PF adj. mischievousstiwi si: ["sti.wi s·i] PF vin. be naughty, do mis-
chiefstiwisiyu: ["sti.wi.si.Ju] PF n. mischief-makersto: [st·o] PF vtrm. refuse (to do something)stum: [stum] PF adv. almoststxeli: ["st'E.li] PF n. giftstxenu: ["st'E.nu] PF n. offerstxenutìng: ["st'E.nu.t·IN] PF vtr. offerstxong: [st'oN] PF adj. strange, unfamiliar, unk-
nownsulìn: ["s·u.l·In] PF svin. be busy (positive sense),
be engrossed in something one finds especiallypleasant and energizing
sum: [sum] PF n. shell (from the ocean)sumsey: ["sum.sEj] PF n. drinking vessel made of
shellsung: [s·uN] PF vtr. addsunkesun: ["sun.kE.sun] PF adv. like it or notsunu: ["s·u.n·u] PF vin. be pleasing or likeable,
bring enjoymentsur: [suR] PF n. taste, flavorsusyang: [su."sjaN] PF adj. fragile, delicatesutx: [s·ut'] PF vtr. track, followswaw: [swaw] PF n. momentswawtsyìp: ["swaw.
>tsjIp^] PF n. little moment,
secondswaynivi: ["swaj.ni.vi] PF n. family hammock
Note: soaia contracts to swayswek: [swEk^] PF n. bar, rod, poleswey: [swEj] PF adj. best
sweylu: ["swEj.l·u] PF v. shouldswirä: [swi."Ræ] PF n. creatureswizaw: [swi."zaw] PF n. arrowswizawsena: [swi."zaw.sE.na] PF n. quiver (at-
tached to ikran’s saddle)swoa: ["swo.a] PF n. intoxicating beverage, or
“spirits”swoasey: ["swo.a.sEj] PF n. kava bowl (construc-
ted from seed pods, used for drinking intoxica-ting beverages), hand-sized
swoasey ayll: ["swo.a.sEj a."jl"] PF n. large social
kava bowlswok: [swok^] PF adj. sacredswotu: ["swo.tu] PF n. sacred placesyam: [sj·am] PF vtr. to smell (intentionally)syanan: ["sja.nan] PF n. a single drop or series of
smaller waterfalls occurring sequentially alonga stream or series of pools (countable)
syaw: [sj·aw] PF vin. callsyawn: [sjawn] PF n. blessingsyay: [sjaj] PF n. fatesyayvi: ["sjaj.vi] PF n. luck, chancesyä’ä: ["sjæ.Pæ] PF adj. bittersye’otxang: ["sjE.Po.t'aN] PF n. wind instrumentsyeha: ["sjE.ha] PF n. breathsyeha si: ["sjE.ha s·i] PF vin. breathesyen: [sjEn] PF adj. last, finalsyep: [sj·Ep^] PF vtr. trapsyeprel: [sjEp."REl] PF n. camerasyewe: ["sJE.wE] PF n. fat (substance in meat)syewenga’: ["sJE.wE.NaP] PF adj. fattysyo: [sjo] PF adj. light (physical weight),
lightweightsyokup: [sJo."kup^] PF n. weight (physical)syon: [sjon] PF n. feature, trait, attribute, charac-
teristic, point, aspect, facet, propertysyonlì’u: ["sjon.lI.Pu] PF n. adjectivesyor: [sj·oR] PF vin. relax, chill outsyulang: ["sju.laN] PF n. flowersyura: [sju."Ra] PF n. energy (physical or spiritu-
al)syuratan: [sju."Ra.tan] JC,PF n. bioluminescencesyusmung: ["sju.smuN] PF n. food traysyuve: ["sju.vE] PF n. food (collective noun, can-
not be pluralised)syuvekel: ["sju.vE.kEl] PF n. famine
23
T
ta–: [ta] PF adp. from (locative), from (temporalsense with other time words)
ta’em: [ta."PEm] PF adv. from aboveta’leng: ["taP.lEN] PF n. skinta’lengean: ["taP.lE.NE.an] PF adj. skin bluetafkip–: [ta."fkip^] PF adp. from up amongtafral: [ta."fRal] PF adv. therefore, because of thattakip–: [ta."kip^] PF adp. from amongtakrra: [ta."kr
".a] PF conj. since (temporal) (c.w.
from krr time and ta from)taksyokx: [t·ak."sjok'] PF vin. clap handstakuk: ["t·a.k·uk^] PF vtr. strike, beat, slaptalun–: [ta."lun] PF adp. because of, due totalun(a): [ta."lun(a)] PF conj. because, from the
reasontam: [t·am] PF vin., intj. that will suffice, that
will do, OKtam tam: ["tam "tam] M intj. calm, be content,
there theretangek: ["ta.NEk^] PF n. trunk (of a tree)tanhì: [tan."hI] PF n. star, bioluminescent freckletanleng: ["tan.lEN] PF n. bark (of a tree)tare: ["t·a.R·E] PF vtr. connect, relate to, have a re-
lationship withtarnioang: ["taR.ni.o.ang] PF n. predator animaltaron: ["t·a.R·on] JC,PF vtr. hunttaronyu: ["ta.Ron.ju] JC,PF n. huntertaronyutsyìp: ["ta.Ron.ju.>tsjIp^] PF n. little hun-
tertatep: ["t·a.t·Ep^] PF vtr. lose track, lose aware-
ness of somethingtatlam: [tat."lam] PF adv. apparentlytaw: [taw] PF n. skytaweyk(a): [ta."wEjk(a)] PF conj. because, based
on the causetawng: [t·awN] PF vin. duck, diveTawsnrrtsyìp: [taw."snr
".>tsjIp^] PF n. Alpha
Centauri C aka Proxima Centauritawsyuratan: [taw.sju."Ra.tan] PF,LN n. auroratawtxew: ["taw.t'Ew] PF n. horizon, skylinetäftxu: [t·æ."ft'·u] PF vtr. weavetäftxuyu: [tæ."ft'u.ju] PF n. weavertätxaw: [t·æ."t'·aw] PF vin. returnte: [tE] JC part. used in full namestekre: ["tEk.RE] PF n. skulltel: [t·El] PF vtr. receivetelem: [tE."lEm] PF n. cord
tem: [t·Em] PF vin. shoottemrey: [tEm."REj] PF n. survivalteng: [tEN] PF adj. same, equaltengfya: ["tEN.fja] PF conj. as, same way as (situ-
ational similarity)tengkrr: [tEN."kr
"] PF conj. while, same time as
teri–: [tE."Ri] PF adp. about, concerningterkup: ["t·ER.k·up^] PF vin. dieteswotìng: [tE."swo.t·IN] vtr. grant (ii)tete: ["tE.tE] PF adj. dull (as a blade)tewng: [tEwN] PF n. loinclothtewti: ["tEw.ti] PF intj. wow, expression of surpri-
se and pleasureteya: [tE."ja] PF adj. fullteya si: [tE."ja "s·i] PF vin. fill (with dative of
thing filled)teynga: ["tEjN.a] PF n. that answer (contraction
of tì’eyng a)teyngla: ["tEjN.la] PF n. that answer (agentive)
(contraction of tì’eyng–ìl a)teyngta: ["tEjN.ta] PF n. that answer (patientive)
(contraction of tì’eyng–it a)teyr: [tEjR] PF adj. whiteteyrpin: ["tEjR.pin] PF n. whitetiam: ["t·i.·am] PF vtr. counttil: [til] PF n. joint, hingetilì’u: ["ti.lI.Pu] PF n. conjunctiontinan: ["ti.nan] PF n. readingtirea: [ti."RE.a] PF n. spirittireafya’o: [ti."RE.a.�fja.Po] PF n. spirit pathtireaioang: [ti."RE.a.i.�o.aN] PF n. spirit animaltireapängkxo: [ti."RE.a.p·æN.�k'·o] PF v. commu-
netiretu: [ti."RE.tu] PF n. shamantì’al: [tI.".Pal] PF n. wastefulnesstì’awm: [tI."Pawm] PF n. campingtì’awm si: [tI."Pawm "s·i] PF vin. camptì’awpo: [tI."Paw.po] PF n. individuality (negati-
ve connotation), selfishnesstì’efu: [tI."PE.fu] PF n. feelingtì’em: [tI."PEm] PF n. the art of cookingtì’eylan: [tI."PEj.lan] PF n. friendshiptì’eyng: [tI."PEjN] PF n. answer, responsetì’i’a: [tI."PiP.a] PF n. ending, conclusiontì’i’avay: [tI."PiP.a.vaj] PF adv. until the endtì’iluke: [tIP."i.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, never-
ending (in a temporal sense)
24
tì’ipu: [tI."Pi.pu] PF n. humortì’o’: [tI."PoP] PF n. fun, excitementtì’ong: [tI."PoN] PF n. blooming, unfoldingtì’ongokx: [tI."Po.Nok'^] PF n. birthtì’ul: [tI."Pul] PF n. increasetìaho: [tI.a."ho] PF n. prayer (in general, abstract
idea)tìeyktan: [tI."Ejk.tan] JC,PF n. leadershiptìfe’ul: [tI."fE.Pul] PF n. worsening (in the gene-
ral or abstract sense)tìfkeytok: [tI."fkEj.tok^] PF n. state, condition,
situationtìflä: [tI."flæ] PF n. success (in general)tìflänga’: [tI."flæ.Na] PF adj. successfultìflrr: [tI."flr
"] PF n. gentleness, tenderness
tìfmetok: [tI."fmE.tok^] PF n. testtìfmi: [tI."fmi] PF n. attempttìfnu: [tI."fnu] PF n. quiet, silencetìfnunga’: [tI."fnu.NaP] PF adj. quiet nfp.tìfpxamo: [tI."fp'a.mo] PF n. horrortìftang: [tI."ftaN] PF n. stopping, the glottal stoptìftang si: [tI."ftaN s·i] PF vin. stop (someone or
something)tìftia: [tI.fti".a] PF n. studytìftia kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a ki."fkE.jæ] PF n. science,
the study of the physical worldtìftiatu: [tI.fti".a.tu] PF n. researchertìftiatu kifkeyä: [tI.fti".a.tu ki."fkEj.æ] PF n.
scientisttìftxavang: [tI."ft'a.vaN] PF n. passiontìftxey: [tI."ft'Ej] PF n. choicetìftxulì’u: [tI.ft'u."lI.Pu] PF n. speech-making,
public speakingtìfyawìntxu: [tI.fja.wIn."t'u] PF n. guidancetìfyeyn: [tI."fjEjn] PF n. ripeness, maturity, full
fruitiontìhan: [tI."han] PF n. losstìhawl: [tI."hawl] PF n. preparations, plantìhawnu: [tI."haw.nu] PF n. protectiontìhawnu si: [tI."haw.nu "s·i] PF vin. protecttìhipx: [tI."hip'] PF n. controltìhìpey: [ti."hI.pEj] PF n. hesitationtìhona: [tI."ho.na] PF n. cuteness, adorablenesstìk’ìn: [tIk."PIn] PF n. free time, the absence of bu-
sinesstìkakpam: [tI.kak."pam] PF n. deafnesstìkakrel: [tI.kak."REl] PF n. blindnesstìkan: [tI."kan] PF n. aim, goal, purpose, targettìkangkem: [tI."kaN.kEm] PF n. work
tìkangkem si: [tI."kaN.kEm "s·i] PF vin. worktìkangkemvi: [tI."kaN.kEm.vi] PF n. project, pie-
ce of worktìkanu: [tI."ka.nu] PF n. intelligencetìkawng: [tI."kawN] PF n. eviltìkeftxo: [tI.kE."ft'o] PF n. sadnesstìkeftxonga’: [tI.kE."ft'o.NaP] PF adj. sad nfp.tìkelu: [tI."kE.lu] PF n. lacktìkemwiä: [tI.kEm."wi.æ] PF n. unfairness, in-
justicetìkenong: [tI."kE.noN] PF n. exampletìketeng: [tI."kE.tEN] PF n. differencetìkin: [tI."kin] PF n. needtìktseri: [tIk.">tsE.Ri] PF n. unawareness, lack of
noticetìkusar: [tI.ku."saR] PF n. teaching (the act)tìkxey: [tI."k'Ej] PF n. incorrectness, mistakenesstìkxey si: [tI."k'Ej "s·i] PF vin. mess up, foul, do
wrongtìkxìm: [tI."k'Im] PF n. commanding, ordering,
assigning taskstìkxìm si: [tI."k'Im s·i] PF vin. be above someone
in a heirarchy, be someone’s superiortìkxuke: [tI."k'u.kE] PF n. safetytìlam: [tI."lam] PF n. appearancetìlang: [tI."laN] PF n. explorationtìlatem: [tI."la.tEm] PF n. change (abstract con-
cept)tìlen: [tI."lEn] Prr n. event, happeningtìleym: [tI."lEjm] PF n. calltìleymfe’: [tI.lEjm."fEP] PF n. complainingtìleymkem: [tI.lEjm."kEm] PF n. protesting, pro-
test (abstract concept)tìloho: [tI."lo.ho] PF n. surprisetìlor: [tI."loR] PF n. beautytìm: [tIm] PF adj. lowtìmal: [tI."mal] PF n. trustworthinesstìme’em: [tI."mE.PEm] PF n. harmony (general
sense)tìmeyp: [tI."mEjp] PF n. weaknesstìmll’an: [tI.ml
"."Pan] PF n. acceptance
tìmok: [tI."mok^] PF n. abstract idea of a sugges-tion
tìmungwrr: [tI.muN."wr"] PF n. exception
tìmungwrr si: [tI.muN."wr"s·i] PF vin. make an
exceptiontìmuntxa: [tI.mun."t'a] PF n. mating, marriagetìmweypey: [tIm."wEj.pEj] PF n. patiencetìmwiä: [tIm."wi.æ] PF n. fairness, justice
25
tìmyì: ["tIm.jI] PF n. low leveltìn: [tIn] PF n. activity that keeps one busytìnawri: [tI."naw.Ri] PF n. talenttìnew: [tI."nEw] PF n. desiretìng: [t·IN] PF vtr. givetìngay: [tI."Naj] PF n. truthtìngäzìk: [tI."Næ.zIk^] PF n. difficulty, problemtìng ftxì: [t·IN ft'I] PF vin. tastetìng lawr: [t·IN lawR] PF vin. sing wordlessly, gi-
ve out a tune or melodytìng mikyun: ["t·IN "mik.jun] PF vin. listentìng nari: ["t·IN "na.Ri] PF vin. looktìngong: [tI."NoN] PF n. lethargy, lazinesstìng ontu: [t·IN "on.tu] JC,PF vin. smelltìngop: [tI."Nop^] PF n. abstract idea of a creationtìng syawn: [t·IN sjawn] PF vin. blesstìng tseng: ["t·IN "
>tsEN] PF vin. back down, give
groundtìng zekwä: ["t·IN "zEk.wæ] PF vin. touch (inten-
tionally)tìno: [tI."no] PF n. thoroughness, attention to de-
tailtìnomum: [tI."no.mum] PF n. curiositytìnui: [tI."nu.i] PF n. failure (abstract concept)tìnvi: ["tIn.vi] PF n. task, errand, step (in an in-
struction)tìnvi si: ["tIn.vi s·i] PF vin. perform a task, run
an errandtìoeyktìng: [tI."o.Ejk.tIN] PF n. explanation
(Pronounced [tI."wEjk.tIN] in casual speech)tìohakx: [tI.o."hak'] PF n. hungertìomum: [tI."o.mum] PF n. knowledgetìpaw: [tI."paw] PF n. growthtìpawm: [tI."pawm] PF n. questiontìpähem: [tI."pæ.hEm] PF n. arrivaltìpängkxo: [tI.pæN."k'o] PF n. conversation, di-
scussiontìpängkxotsyìp: [tI.pæN."k'o.
>tsjIp^] PF n. little
conversationtìpe’un: [tI."pE.Pun] PF n. decisiontìprrte’: [tI."pr
".tEP] PF n. pleasure
tìpsaw: [tIp."saw] PF n. clumsinesstìralpeng: [tI.Ral."pEN] PF n. translation, inter-
pretationtìran: [t·I."R·an] PF vin. walktìranpam: [tI."Ran.pam] PF n. footstep (sound)tìrawn: [tI."Rawn] PF n. replacement, the act of
replacing
tìrengop: [tI."rE.Nop^] PF n. design (the act or artof designing
tìrey: [tI."REj] PF n. lifetìrol: [tI."Rol] PF n. song (vocal)tìronsrel: [tI."Ron.sREl] PF n. imaginationtìska’a: [tI.ska."Pa] PF n. destructiontìsla’tsu: [tI."slaP.>tsu] PF n. descriptiontìslan: [tI."slan] PF n. support (emotional, social
or personal support) ofp.tìsnaytx: [tI."snajt'] PF n. losstìso’ha: [tI."soP.ha] PF n. enthusiasm, having a
good attitudetìsom: [tI."som] PF n. heattìsop: [tI."sop^] PF n. journeytìspe’e: [tI.spE."PE] PF n. capturetìspxin: [tI."sp'in] PF n. the state of being ill, sick-
nesstìsraw: [tI."sRaw] PF n. paintìsraw seyki: [tI."sRaw sEj."k·i] PF vtr. hurt (so-
meone or something)tìsraw si: [tI."sRaw "s·i] PF vin. hurt, be painfultìsrese’a: [tI."sRE.sE.Pa] PF n. prophecytìsteftxaw: [tI.stE."ft'aw] PF n. examinationtìsti: [tI."sti] PF n. angertìsung: [tI."suN] LN n. addition, post scripttìsyor: [tI."sjor] PF n. relaxationtìsyortsyìp: [tI."sjoR.>tsjIp^] PF n. break, small
rest or relaxationtìtaron: [tI."ta.Ron] PF n. huntingtìterkup: [tI."tER.kup^] PF n. death (in abstract
sense)“Death is inevitable."tìtsan’ul: [tI.">tsan.Pul] PF n. improvement (in
the general or abstract sense)tìtseri: [tI.">tsE.Ri] PF n. awareness, noticetìtslam: [tI.">tslam] PF n. understanding, intelli-
gencetìtstew: [tI.">tstEw] PF n. courage, braverytìtstewnga’: [tI.">tstEw.NaP] PF adj. courageous,
brave nfp. (e.g. a brave deed)tìtstunwi: [tI.">tstun.wi] PF n. kindnesstìtstunwinga’: [tI."stun.wi.NaP] PF adj. kind
nfp.tìtsunslu: [tI.">tsun.slu] PF n. possibilitytìtsyär: [tI.">tsjæR] PF n. rejectiontìtsyul: [tI.">tsjul] PF n. beginning, starttìtusaron: [tI.tu."sa.Ron] PF n. huntingtìtxanew: [tI."t'a.nEw] PF n. greedtìtxantslusam: [tI."t'an.>tslu.sam] PF n. wisdom
(seldom used)
26
tìtxap: [tI."t'ap^] PF n. pressure (physical)tìtxen: [tI."t'En] PF n. awakeness, the state of wa-
kingtìtxen si: [tI."t'En s·i] PF vin. to wake, to waken,
wake uptìtxula: [tI."t'u.la] PF n. construction, construc-
ted thingtìtxur: [tI."t'uR] PF n. strength, powertìtxurnga’: [tI."t'uR. NaP] PF adj. powerful nfp.tìvawm: [tI."vawm] PF n. darknesstìväng: [tI."væN] PF n. thirsttìve’kì: [tI.vEP."kI] PF n. hatredtìwan: [tI."wan] PF n. obfuscation, cover uptìwäsul: [tI."wæ.sul] PF n. competitiontìwäte: [tI.wæ."tE] PF n. dispute, argumenttìwew: [tI."wEw] PF n. coldness, coldtìwìngay: [tI.wI."Naj] PF n. proof, proving (ab-
stract)tìwusem: [tI.wu."sEm] PF n. fightingtìyawn: [tI."jawn] PF n. lovetìyawr: [tI."jawR] PF n. correctnesstìyäkx: [tI."Jæk'] PF n. lack of notice, snubbingtìyo’: [tI."joP^] PF n. perfectiontìyora’: [tI.jo"RaP] PF n. victory, a wintìyusom: [tI.ju."som] PF n. eating (the act)to: [to] PF part. comparative marker than (be-
haves like an adp.)tok: [t·ok^] PF vtr. be at, occupy a spacetokx: [tok'] PF n. bodytolel: [to."lEl] PF intj. Eureka! I found it! I un-
derstand! (synonym: tslolam)toltem: [t·ol."t·Em] PF vtr. shoottompa: ["tom.pa] PF n. raintompakel: ["tom.pa.kel] PF n. droughttompameyp: [tom.pa."mEjp^] PF n. drizzletomperwì: ["tom.pER.wI] PF n. sleettompìva: ["tom.pI.va] PF n. raindroptong: [t·oN] PF vtr. put out, quenchtor: [toR] PF adj. last, ultimate, terminal
toruk makto: ["to.Ruk^ "mak.to] JC n. toruk riderto tìtseri: [to tI."
>tsE.Ri] PF ph. than is apparent,
than you are aware oftrr: [tr
"] PF n. day
trr’awve: [tr"."Paw.vE] PF n. Sunday
trr’ong: [tr"."PoN] PF n. dawn, sunrise
trr’ongmaw: [tr"."PoN.maw] PF n. dawn after
sunrisetrram: [tr
"."am] PF adv. yesterday
trray: [tr"."aj] PF adv. tomorrow
trrkive: [tr"."ki.vE] PF n. Saturday
trrmrrve: [tr"."mr
".vE] PF n. Thursday
trrmuve: [tr"."mu.vE] PF n. Monday
trrpeve: [tr"."pE.vE] PF inter. which day (derived
from trr day and –pe interrogative markerand –ve ordinal number marker)
trrpuve: [tr"."pu.vE] PF n. Friday
trrpxeyve: [tr"."p'Ej.vE] PF n. Tuesday
trrtsìve: [tr".">tsI.vE] PF n. Wednesday
trrtxon: [tr".t'on] PF n. the day and night cycle of
Pandoratukru: [tuk."Ru] PF n. speartul: [t·ul] PF vin. runtumpin: ["tum.pin] PF n. red, orangetun: [tun] PF adj. red, orangetung: [t·uN] PF vtr. allowtungzup: [t·uN."z·up^] PF vtr. droptup: [tup^] PF conj. instead of, rather thantupe: ["tu.pE] PF inter. whotut: [tut^] PF part. continuation markertuté: [tu."tE] PF n. female (person)tutan: [tu."tan] PF n. male (person)tute: ["tu.tE] PF n. persontuteo: ["tu.tE.o] PF pn. somebody, someonetutsena: ["tut.sE.na] PF n. stretchertuvom: [tu."vom] PF adj. greatest of all, excee-
dingly greattuvon: ["t·u.v·on] PF v. lean
Ts
tsa’u: [">tsa.Pu] PF dem. that (thing)
tsafya: [>tsa."fja] PF adv. that way, like that
tsa-hey: [">tsa."hEj] ZS intj. expression of warningor frustration, ’crap!’, ’ah, hell!’
tsaheyl si: [>tsa."hEjl "s·i] PF vin. bond with,establish a neural connection
tsaheylu: [>tsa."hEj.lu] JC,PF n. bond (neural con-nection)
tsakem: [">tsa.kEm] or [>tsa."kEm] PF dem. that
(action)
tsakrr: [>tsa."kr"] PF adv. then, at that time, that
time
27
tsakrrvay: [>tsa."kr".vaj] PF adv. until then, in the
meantimetsal: [>tsal] PF pn. that, it (transitive subject)tsalsungay: [>tsal.su."Naj] PF adv. nevertheless,
even sotsam: [>tsam] PF n. wartsamopin: [">tsa.mo.pin] PF n. warpainttsampongu: [">tsam.po.Nu] PF n. war partytsamsä’o: [">tsam.sæ.Po] PF n. weapon of wartsamsiyu: [">tsam.si.ju] PF n. warriortsan’ul: [">tsan.P·ul] PF vin. improve, get bettertsang: [>tsaN] PF n. a piercingtsankum: [">tsan.kum] PF n. advantage, benefit,
upside, gaintsankumnga’: [">tsan.kum.NaP] PF adj. advanta-
geoustsap’alute: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE] PF n. apologytsap’alute si: [>tsap."Pa.lu.tE "s·i] PF vin. apolo-
gise (apologize)tsapo: [">tsa.po] PF pn. that one (for people only)tsaria: [">tsa.Ri.a] PF pn., sbd. thattsat: [>tsat^] PF pn. that, it (as object)tsata: [">tsa.ta] PF pn., sbd. thattsatseng: [>tsa.">tsEN] or ["
>tsa.
>tsEN] PF dem., n.
there, that placetsatu: [">tsa.tu] PF dem. that persontsaw: [>tsaw] PF dem., pn. that, it (as intransitive
subject)tsawa: [">tsa.wa] PF pn., sbd. thatTsawke: [">tsaw.kE] PF n. sun; Alpha Centauri ATsawkenay: [>tsaw.kE."naj] PF n. Alpha Centau-
ri Btsawl: [>tsawl] PF adj. big (in size), tall ofp.tsawlhì’: [>tsawl."hIP] PF n. sizetsawl slu: [">tsawl "sl·u] PF vin. growtsawlultxa: [>tsawl.ul."t'a] PF n. large gathering,
conferencetsawn: [>ts·awn] PF vtr. gather growing food from
the forest; pick; harvest (in agriculture)tsawsngem: [>tsaw."sNEm] PF adj. musculartsä’: [>ts·æP] PF v. squirttse: [>tsE] PF part. well (conversation starter)tse’a: [>ts·E."P·a] PF vtr. see (physical sense)tse’atswo: [>tsE."Pa.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) sight,
visiontseltsul: [">tsEl.>tsul] PF n. whitewater rapids
(countable, but only rarely)tsenga: [">tsE.Na] PF conj. where, place wheretseng(e): [">tsEN(E)] PF n. place
tsengo: [">tsE.No] PF pn. somewheretsengpe: [">tsEN.pE] PF inter. wheretseo: [">tsE.o] PF n. arttseotu: [">tsE.o.tu] PF n. artist (generic term)tseri: [">ts·E.R·i] PF vtr. note, noticetsewtx: [>tsEwt'] PF adj. dirtytsim: [>tsim] PF n. sourcetsin: [>tsin] PF n. nail, clawtsìk: [>tsIk] PF adv. suddenly, without warningtsìlpey: [>tsIl."pEj] PF n. hope (abstract concept)tsìltsan: [>tsIl.">tsan] PF n. good (abstract concept),
goodnesstsìng: [>tsIN] PF num. fourtsìsyì: [">ts·I.sy·I] PF vin. whispertsìve: [">tsI.vE] PF adj. fourth (ordinal)tskalep: [">tska.lEp^] PF n. crossbowtskawr: [>tsk·awR] PF vin. limptsko: [>tsko] PF n. bow (weapon)tsko swizaw: [">tsko swi."zaw] PF n. bow and ar-
rowtskxaytsyìp: [">tsk'aj.>tsjIp^] PF n. hailtskxe: [>tsk'E] PF n. rock, stonetskxekeng: [">tsk'E.kEN] PF n. training, exercisetskxekeng si: [">tsk'E.kEN "s·i] PF vin. exercise,
traintskxepay: [">tsk'E.paj] PF n. icetskxevi: [">tsk'E.vi] PF n. pebble, small stone po-
lished smooth by natural forcestslam: [>tsl·am] PF vtr. understandtsleng: [>tslEN] PF adj. falsetslolam: [>tslo."lam] PF intj. get it, I understandtsmi: [>tsmi] PF n. nectartsmisnrr: [">tsmi.snr
"] PF n. bladder lantern, nec-
tar lanterntsmìm: [>tsmIm] PF n. track, trace (of animal or
person)tsmuk: [>tsmuk^] PF n. siblingtsmukan: [">tsmu.kan] PF n. brothertsmuke: [">tsmu.kE] PF n. sistertsmuktu: [">tsmuk.tu] PF n. siblingtsngal: [>tsNal] PF n. cuptsngan: [>tsNan] PF n. meattsngawpay: [">tsNaw.paj] PF n. tearstsngawpayvi: [">tsNaw.paj.vi] PF n. teardroptsngawvìk: [">tsN·aw.v·Ik^] PF vin. cry, weeptsngem: [>tsNEm] PF n. muscletsnì: [>tsnI] PF sbd. that (function word) (with
subjunctive verb in dependant clause)
28
tson: [>tson] PF n. obligation, duty, imposed requi-rement
tsong: [>tsoN] PF n. valleytsongropx: [">tsoN.Rop'] PF n. hole, cavity, exca-
vation with a bottom (visible or presumed)tsongtsyìp: [">tsoN.>tsjIp] PF n. dimpletsonta: [">tson.ta] PF conj. to (with kxìm)
(contraction of tsonit a)tsopì: [">tso.pI] PF n. lungtspang: [>tsp·aN] PF vtr. killtsranten: [">tsR·an.t·En] PF vin. matter, be of im-
portancetsray: [>tsRaj] PF n. villagetsre’i: [">tsR·E.P·i] PF vtr. throwtsrul: [>tsRul] PF n. nest; protected area serving as
the home of Pandoran faunatstal: [>tstal] PF n. knifetstalsena: [">tstal.sE.na] PF n. knife sheathtstew: [>tstEw] PF adj. brave ofp.tstu: [>tstu] PF adj. closed, shut, overcast (for
cloudy skies)tstunwi: [">tstun.wi] PF adj. kind, thoughtful,
consideratetstu si: [">tstu "s·i] PF vin. closetstxo: [>tst'o] PF n. nametstxolì’u: [">tst'o.lI.Pu] PF n. nountstxolì’ukìngvi: [>tst'o."lIP.u.k��N.vi] PF n. noun
phrase (phrase whose pivotal or central word isa noun)
tsu’o: [">tsu.Po] PF n. abilitytsuksìm: [">tsuk.sIm] PF n. chintsuktswa’: [>tsuk.">tswaP] PF adj. forgettabletsukx: [>ts·uk'] PF vtr. stabtsukyom: [>tsuk."jom] PF adj. edible
tsulfä: [>tsul."fæ] PF n. masterytsulfä si: [>tsul."fæ "s·i] PF vin. mastertsulfätu: [>tsul."fæ.tu] PF n. master of an art,
craft, or skill, experttsulfätunay: [>tsul.fæ.tu."naj] PF n. near-mastertsun: [>ts·un] PF vim. can, be abletsunslu: [">ts·un.sl·u] PF vin. may, be possibletsurokx: [>ts·u."R·ok'] PF vin. resttswa’: [>tsw·aP] PF vtr. forgettswal: [>tswal] PF n. powertswalnga’: [">tswal.NaP] PF adj. powerful nfp.tswayon: [">tsw·aj.·on] PF vin. flytswesya: [">tswE.sja] PF n. currenttswesya si: [">tswE.sja s·i] PF vin. flowtswin: [>tswin] PF n. queue, braidtswintsyìp: [">tswin.
>tsjIp^] PF n. little queue
tswìk: [>tsw·Ik^] PF vtr. sucktswìk kxenerit: [>tsw·Ik^"k'E.nE.Rit] PF,D vin.
smoke (lit. to suck smoke)tsyafe: [">tsja.fE] PF adj. mild, moderate, comfor-
tabletsyal: [>tsjal] PF n. wingtsyär: [>tsj·æR] PF vtr. rejecttsyey: [>tsjEj] PF n. snack, light mealtsyeym: [>tsjEjm] PF n. treasure; something rare
and of great valuetsyeytsyìp: [">tsjEj.>tsjIp^] PF n. tiny bitetsyìl: [>tsj·Il] PF vtr. climb, scale (pulling entire
body up)tsyo: [>tsjo] PF n. flourtsyokx: [>tsjok'] PF n. handtsyosyu: [">tsjo.sju] PF n. food made from flourtsyul: [>tsj·ul] PF vtr. begin, start
Tx
txa’: [t'aP] PF adj. hardtxal: [t'al] PF n. back (of the body)txampay: [t'am."paj] PF n. sea, oceantxampxì: [t'am."p'I] PF n. majority, most, large
parttxan: [t'an] PF adj. muchtxanatan: ["t'a.na.tan] PF adj. bright, vividtxanew: ["t'a.nEw] PF adj. greedytxanfwerwì: [t'an."fwER.wI] PF n. blizzardtxankeltrrtrr: ["t'an.kEl.tr
".tr"] PF adj. extraordi-
narytxankrr: [t'aN."kr
"] PF adv. for a long time
txanlal: ["t'an.lal] PF adj. ancient, very oldtxanlokxe: [t'an.lo."k'E] PF n. clan or tribal do-
main, countrytxanro’a: [t'an."R·o.P·a] PF vin. be famoustxansngum: [t'an."sNum] PF n. desperation; fee-
ling of great worrytxansngum si: [t'an."sNum s·i] PF vin. feel de-
speratetxanso’hayu: [t'an."soP.ha.ju] PF n. fan, ent-
husiasttxantompa: [t'an."tom.pa] PF n. rainstorm, hea-
vy rain
29
txantsan: ["t'an.>tsan] PF adj. excellenttxantsawl: ["t'an.>tsawl] PF adj. giant, hugetxantslusam: ["t'an.>tslu.sam] PF adj. wisetxantstew: ["t'an.>tstEw] PF n. herotxantur: ["t'an.tuR] PF adj. powerful ofp.txantxew: [t'an."t'Ew] PF n. maximumtxantxewvay: [t'an."t'Ew.vaj] PF adv. maximal-
lytxanwawe: [t'an.wa."wE] PF adj. personally me-
aningful, significanttxanwetseng: [t'an."wE.
>tsEN] PF n. personally
significant or beloved place, heimat (ger.)txap: [t'·ap^] PF vtr. press, press on, apply (phy-
sical) pressure totxasom: ["t'a.som] PF adj. very hottxasunu: [t'a."su.nu] PF vin. love greatly, enjoy
tremendously nfp.txatx: [t'at'] PF n. bubbletxavä’: [t'a."væP] PF adj. disgustingtxawew: ["t'a.wEw] PF adj. very coldtxay: [t'·aj] PF vin. be horizontal, lie flattxayo: ["t'a.jo] PF n. field, open terrain, plaintxärem: ["t'æ.REm] PF n. bonetxe’lan: [t'EP."lan] PF n. hearttxe’lankong: [t'EP."lan.koN] PF n. heartbeattxekxumpay: [t'E."k'um.paJ] PF n. magma, lavatxele: ["t'E.lE] PF n. matter (subject)txen: [t'En] PF adj. awaketxep: [t'Ep^] PF n. firetxepìva: ["t'E.pI.va] PF n. ash, cindertxepram: [t'Ep."Ram] PF n. volcanotxeptseng: ["t'Ep.>tsEN] PF n. place where a fire is
burning or has burnedtxeptsyìp: ["t'Ep.>tsjIp^] PF n. dear or cute little
firetxeptun: ["t'Ep.tun] PF adj. orange (“fire tun")txepvi: ["t'Ep.vi] PF n. sparktxew: [t'Ew] PF n. edge, brink, limit, border, end
txewk: [t'Ewk^] PF n. club (weapon)txewluke: ["t'Ew.lu.kE] PF adj. endless, bound-
less, without limittxewm: [t'Ewm] PF adj. scary, frighteningtxewnga’: ["t'Ew.NaP] PF adj. having a limit, not
without bounds, finitetxey: [t'·Ej] PF v. halttxi: [t'i] PF n. hurry, hurriedness, frenzytxin: [t'in] PF adj. main, primarytxintìn: ["t'in.tIn] PF n. occupation, primary role
in societytxintseng: ["t'in.>tseN] PF n. base of operationstxìm: [t'Im] PF n. butt, rear end, asstxìng: [t'·IN] PF vtr. leave, abandontxo: [t'o] PF conj. iftxoa: ["t'o.a] PF n. forgivenesstxokefyaw: ["t'o.kE.fjaw] conj. if not, or else, ot-
herwisetxon: [t'on] PF n. nighttxon’ong: [t'on."PoN] PF,Prr n. night-fall, sunset,
dusk, gloamingtxon’ongmaw: [t'on."PoN.maw] PF n. twilight,
the time before dark, after sunsettxonam: [t'o."nam] PF adv. last nighttxonay: [t'o."naj] PF adv. tomorrow nighttxonkrr: ["t'on.kr
"] PF adv. at night
txopu: ["t'o.pu] PF n. feartxopu si: ["t'o.pu "s·i] PF vin. be afraidtxopu sleyku: ["t'o.pu slEj."k·u] PF vtr. frightentxukx: [t'uk'] PF adj. deep (physically)txula: ["t'·u.l·a] PF vtr. build, constructtxum: [t'um] PF n. poisontxumnga’: ["t'um.NaP] PF adj. poisonoustxur: [t'uR] PF adj. strong (physically)txurtel: ["t'uR.tel] PF n. ropetxurtu: ["t'uR.tu] PF n. strongman/woman,
brawny person
U
ue’: [·u·"EP] PF vtr., vin. vomit, vomit up
uk: [uk^] PF n. shadow
ukxo: [u."k'o] PF adj. dry
ulte: ["ul.tE] PF conj. and (clausal conjunction)
ultxa: [ul."t'a] PF n. meeting
ultxarun: [ul."t'a.R·un] PF vtr. encounter, meetby chance (ii)
ultxa si: [ul."t'a "s·i] PF vin. meet with someoneintentionally (use hu with)
ultxatu: [ul."t'a.tu] PF n. meeting participantum: [um] PF adj. looseunil: ["u.nil] JC n. dreamunil si: ["u.nil s·i] PF vin. dreamuniltìrantokx: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'] JC,PF n. ava-
tar, dreamwalker body
30
uniltìrantokxolo’: [u.nil.tI."Ran.tok'.o.loP] PF
n. clan, or group of avatarsuniltìranyu: [u.nil.tI."Ran.ju] PF n. dreamwalkeruniltsa: ["u.nIl.>ts·a] PF vtr. dream of, dream
aboutunyor: [un."joR] PF adj. sweetly aromatic (a flo-
wery or aromatic woody sort of smell; may alsorefer to some spices used in Na’vi cooking)
uo–: ["u.o] PF adp. behinduolì’uvi: ["u.o.lI.Pu.vi] PF n. suffix
uran: ["u.Ran] PF n. boatutral: ["ut.Ral] PF n. treeutraltsyìp: ["ut.Ral.>tsjIp^] PF n. bushutu: ["u.tu] PF n. forest canopyutumauti: ["u.tu.ma.u.ti] PF n. banana fruit (lit.
canopy fruit)uvan: [u."van] PF n. gameuvan letokx: [u."van lE."tok'] PF n. physical or
athletic game, sportuvan si: [u."van "s·i] PF vin. play (a game)
V
var: [v·aR] PF vim. to persist in a state, to conti-nue to perform an action
vawm: [vawm] PF adj. darkvawmpin: ["vawm.pin] PF n. dark colorvawt: [vawt^] PF adj. solid, not hollowvay–: [vaj] PF adp. up tovaykrr: [vaj."kr
"] PF conj. until
vä’: [væP] PF adj. unpleasant to the senses, noiso-me
väng: [væN] PF adj. thirstyväpam: ["væ.pam] PF n. noise. ugly or unplea-
sant sound, screechve’kì: [v·EP."k·I] PF vtr. hateve’o: ["vE.Po] PF n. order (as opposed to disorder
or chaos), organizationvefya: ["vE.fja] PF n. system, process, procedure,
approachvelek: ["v·E.l·Ek^] PF vin. give up, surrender, con-
cede defeatvelke: ["vEl.ke] PF adj. chaotic, messy, disorgani-
zed, in shamblesvenga’: ["vE.NaP] PF adj. organized, “on top of
things”venu: ["vE.nu] PF n. footvenzek: ["vEn.zEk^] PF n. toevewng: [v·EwN] PF vtr. look after, take care of, be
responsible forvey: [vEj] PF n. food made from animal origin,
fleshvezeyko: [vE.zEj."ko] PF vtr. put in order, orga-
nizevezo: [vE."z·o] PF vin. be in order, be organizedvin: [v·in] PF vtr. request, ask for
vingkap: ["v·iN.k·ap^] PF vtr. occur to one, popinto one’s mind
virä: [v·i."R·æ] PF v. spread, proliferatevitra: [vit."Ra] PF n. soulvll: [v·l
"] PF vin., vtr. indicate, point at
vol: [vol] PF num. eightvolve: ["vol.vE] PF adj. eighth (ordinal)vonvä’: [von."væP] PF n. butthole, asshole, dick-
head (vulgar) (lit. stinksoul)vospxey: [vo."sp'Ej] PF n. Marchvospxì: [vo."sp'I] PF n. monthvospxì’aw: [vo.sp'I."Paw] PF n. Januaryvospxìam: [vo.sp'I."am] PF n. last monthvospxìay: [vo.sp'I."aj] PF n. next monthvospxìkin: [vo.sp'I."kin] PF n. Julyvospxìmrr: [vo.sp'I."mr
"] PF n. May
vospxìmun: [vo.sp'I."mun] PF n. Februaryvospxìpuk: [vo.sp'I."puk^] PF n. Junevospxìtsìng: [vo.sp'I.">tsIN] PF n. Aprilvospxìvol: [vo.sp'I."vol] PF n. Augustvospxìvolaw: [vo.sp'I.vo."law] PF n. Septembervospxìvomun: [vo.sp'I.vo."mun] PF n. Octobervospxìvopey: [vo.sp'I.vo."pEj] PF n. Novembervospxìvosìng: [vo.sp'I.vo."sIN] PF n. Decembervrrìn: ["v·r
".·In] PF svin. be busy (negative sen-
se): be tired out and overwhelmed by an activitythat’s keeping one busy
vrrtep: ["vr".tEp^] PF n. demon
vul: [vul] PF n. branch (of a tree)vultsyìp: ["vul.>tsjIp^] PF n. stickvur: [vuR] PF n. storyvurvi: ["vuR.vi] PF n. summary, synopsisvurway: ["vuR.waj] PF n. story poem, narrative
poem
31
W
walak: ["wa.lak^] PF adj. energetic, activewalew: [w·a."l·Ew] PF vin. get over, accept some
fact, reconcile oneself, move onwan: [w·an] PF vtr. hidewawe: [wa."wE] PF n. meaning, importance, sig-
nificanceway: [waj] PF n. song (ancient, ceremonial)way a plltxe: [waj a pl
".t'E] PF ph. spoken poem
(as a melodic recital)way a rol: [waj a Rol] PF ph. sung poemwayä aylì’u: [waj.æ ajlI.Pu] PF ph. words of a
poem or lyrics of a songway si: ["waj "s·i] PF vin. singwaytelem: ["waj.tE.lEm] PF n. song cordwä+: [wæ] PF adp. against (as in: fight against)wäsul: ["wæ.s·ul] PF vin. competewäte: [wæ."t·E] PF vtr. argue, disputewätu: ["wæ.tu] PF n. opponentwätx: [w·æt'] PF vtr. be bad atwe’ay: ["wE.Paj] PF adj. sourwem: [w·Em] PF vin. fightwempongu: ["wEm.po.Nu] PF n. squad, military
clan, battle party
weopx: [wE."op'] PF n. wave (of water)wew: [wEw] PF adj. coldweyn: [w·Ejn] PF vtr. draw, illustratewin: [win] PF adj. fastwin säpi: ["win sæ."p·i] PF vin. hurrywin si: ["win "s·i] PF vin. rush something, make
something fastwip: [wip^] PF adj. saltywiya: ["wi.ja] ZS intj. expression of warning or
frustration, ’damn!’wìngay: [w·I."Naj] PF vtr. provewìntxu: [w·In."t'·u] PF vtr. showwo: [w·o] PF vtr. reach forwok: [wok^] PF adj. loudwokau: [wok."a.u] JC,PF n. pendulum drumwotx: [wot'] PF n. totality, wholewrrpa: ["wr
".pa] PF n., adv. outside
wrrza’u: [wr"."z·a.Pu] PF vin. come out, emerge
wum: [wum] PF adv. approximately, roughlywur: [wuR] PF adj. cool, chillywutso: ["wu.
>tso] PF n. dinner, served meal
Y
ya: [ja] PF n. airyafkeyk: ["ja.fkEjk^] PF n. weatheryak: [jak^] PF n. fork, branch, point of divergenceyak si: [j·ak^ s·i] PF vin. diverge, change direc-
tion, go astrayyaney: [ja."nEj] PF n. canoeyapay: ["ja.paj] PF n. mist, fog, steamyawne: ["jaw.nE] PF adj. belovedyawnetu: ["jaw.nE.tu] PF n. loved oneyawntu: ["jawn.tu] PF n. loved oneyawntutsyìp: ["jawn.tu.
>tsjIp] PF n. darling, litt-
le loved oneyawnyewla: [jawn."jEw.la] PF n. broken heart,
broken heartednessyawo: [ja."w·o] PF vin. take off, launchyayayr: [ja."jajR] PF n. confusionyayayrnga’: [ja."jajR.NaP] PF adj. confusingyayayrtsim: [ja."jajR.>tsim] PF n. something con-
fusing, source of confusionyaymak: ["jaj.mak^] PF adj. foolish, ignorantyayo: ["ja.jo] PF n. bird
yayotsrul: ["ja.jo.>tsRul] PF n. bird’s nestyäkx: [J·æk'] PF vtr. not notice, ignore, snubyän: [j·æn] PF vtr. fasten, tie downye: [jE] PF adj. satisfied, content, satiated, fullye’krr: ["jEP.kr
"] PF adv. early
ye’rìn: ["jEP.RIn] PF adv. soonyehakx: ["jE.hak'] PF adj. satisfied from hunger,
fullyem: [j·Em] PF vtr. put, placeyemfpay: [jEm."fpaj] PF n. dipping, immersion
(into liquid)yemfpay si: [jEm."fpaj "s·i] PF vin. dip into
liquidyemstokx: ["j·Em.stok'] PF vtr. put on (clot-
hing), donyengwal: [jEN."wal] PF n. sorrowyeväng: ["jE.væN] PF adj. satisfied from thirst by
drink, feeling quenched, slakedyewla: ["jEw.la] PF n. disappointment, emotional
let-down, failed expectationyey: [jEj] PF adj. straight
32
yeyfya: ["jEj.fja] PF n. straight lineyì: [jI] PF n. shelf, ledge, level, step, rung (Can al-
so be used metaphorically to refer to the le-vel of anything scalable - anything that canhave levels or degrees, highs and lows, wa-ter level, temperature, talent, anger, etc.)
yìm: [j·Im] PF vtr. bindyll: [jl
"] PF adj. communal
ylltxep: ["jl".t'Ep^] PF n. communal fire or fire pit
yo: [jo] PF n. surfaceyo’: [j·oP^] PF svin. be perfect, flawlessyo’ko: ["joP.ko] PF n. circleyo’kofya: ["joP.ko.fja] PF n. cycleyoa–: ["jo.a] PF adp. in exchange foryol: [jol] PF adj. short (of time)yom: [j·om] PF vtr. eat
yomtìng: ["jom.t·IN] PF vin. feed (with dative ob-ject) (ii)
yomvey: [j·om."vEj] PF vin. dine on flesh, be ca-niverous (ii)
yomyo: ["jom.jo] PF n. plate, (for food)yomyo lerìk: ["jom.yo lE."rIk^] PF n. leaf plateyomzeswa: [j·om."zE.swa] PF vin. graze (ii)yora’: [j·o."R·aP] PF vtr. winyora’tu: [jo."RaP.tu] PF n. winneryrr: [jr
"] PF adj. wild, natural (something in its
original, unmodified, untampered-with naturalstate)
yrrap: ["jr".ap^] PF n. storm
yuey: ["ju.Ej] PF adj. beautiful (inner beauty)ofp.
yune: ["j·u.n·E] PF vtr. listen to (intentionally)yur: [j·uR] PF vtr. wash
Z
za’ärìp: [za."P·æ.R·Ip^] PF vtr. pullza’u: ["z·a.P·u] PF vin. comezam: [zam] PF num. sixty fourzamunge: [za."m·u.N·E] PF vtr. bringzapxì: [za."p'I] PF n. front (part or section)zare’: [za."REP] PF n. forehead, browzasrìn: [za."sR·In] PF vtr. borrowzawng: [z·awN] PF vin. screamzawprrte’: [z·aw."pr
".tEP] PF vin. be enjoyable
zawr: [zawr] PF n. animal callzäfi: ["zæ.fi] PF adj. modified, interfered with, no
longer in a natural statezekwä: ["zEk.wæ] PF n. fingerzel: [zEl] PF adv. then (counterfactual use)zene: ["z·E.n·E] PF vim. mustzenke: ["z·EN.kE] PF vim. must not (ii)zerok: ["z·E.R·ok^] PF vtr. rememberzeswa: ["zE.swa] PF n. grasszeswavi: ["zE.swa.vi] PF n. blade of grasszet: [z·Et^] PF vtr. treat (emotionally), display an
attitude towardszey: [zEj] PF adj. special, distinctzeyko: [zEj."k·o] PF vtr. heal, fixzeykoyu: [zEj."ko.ju] PF n. healerzir: [ziR] PF n. touch, feel, texturezìm: [z·Im] PF vtr. feel (not intentionally)
zìma’uyu: [zI."ma.Pu.ju] PF n. newcomer, some-one who has just arrived on the scene
zìmtswo: ["zIm.>tswo] PF n. (sense of) touch
zìsìkrr: ["zI.sI.kr"] PF n. season
zìsìt: ["zI.sIt^] PF n. yearzìsìtay: ["zI.sIt.aj] PF n. next yearzìsìtsaltrr: [zI.sIt."sal.tr
"] PF n. (yearly) anniver-
saryzìskrrmipaw: [zI.skr
"."mi.paw] PF n. spring
zìskrrsom: [zI.skr"."som] PF n. summer
zìskrrtsawn: [zI.skr".">tsawn] PF n. autumn, fall
zìskrrwew: [zI.skr"."wEw] PF n. winter
zìtsaltrr: [zI.">tsal.tr"] PF n. colloquial form of
zìsìtsaltrr (yearly anniversary)zo: [z·o] PF svin. be well, be intact, be as it should
be, work correctly or as nature intendedzong: [z·oN] PF vtr. save, defendzongtseng: ["zoN.>tsEN] PF n. safe place, refugezoplo: [zop."lo] PF n. offence, insultzoslu: ["zo.sl·u] PF vin. heal, become well, get fix-
ed (ii)zum: [zum] PF n. object, thing (physical or tan-
gible)zun: [zun] PF conj. if (counterfactual use)zung: [z·uN] PF vin. crouchzup: [z·up^] PF vin. fallzusawkrr: [zu."saw.kr
"] PF n. future
33
ä
äie: [æ."i.E] PF n. vision (spiritual)äo–: ["æ.o] PF adp. under, belowätxäle: [æ."t'æ.lE] PF n. request
ätxäle si: [æ."t'æ.lE "s·i] PF vin. request (withtsnì clause for object)
ì
ìì: [I:] PF intj. um, erìlä+: ["I.læ] or [I."læ] PF adp. by, via, following,
according to
ìley: [I."lEj] LA intj. war cryìlva: ["Il.va] PF n. flake, drop, chipìpxa: [I."p'a] RL,PF n. fern
34
A The Number System
The following are charts of Na’vi numbers, which are adjectives that modify nouns in theirsingular form, like ’awa tute. Note that it is not a decimal, but an octal system. Underliningindicates where the stress ought to fall. The numbers 8 and 9 are included for terrestrial numberreference, such as in phone numbers. They do not signify the value of 8 or 9.
Note that when using numbers in conversational Na’vi, Dr. Frommer has introduced agrammatical rule, called “the Koren Holpxayä”, or “the Number Principle”, which states thatin referring to the same entity, express number only once per clause. For example, the sentence “Youtwo are teachers.” in Na’vi would be “Menga lu karyu.” and the sentence “They are teachers.”would be “Fo lu karyu.”.
Na’vi Numbers: 0 – 390 1 2 3 4
0 kew vol mevol pxevol tsìvol1 ’aw volaw mevolaw pxevolaw tsìvolaw2 mune vomun mevomun pxevomun tsìvomun3 pxey vopey mevopey pxevopey tsìvopey4 tsìng vosìng mevosìng pxevosìng tsìvosìng5 mrr vomrr mevomrr pxevomrr tsìvomrr6 pukap vofu mevofu pxevofu tsìvofu7 kinä vohin mevohin pxevohin tsìvohin
Na’vi Numbers: 40 – 635 6 7
0 mrrvol puvol kivol1 mrrvolaw puvolaw kivolaw2 mrrvomun puvomun kivomun3 mrrvopey puvopey kivopey4 mrrvosìng puvosìng kivosìng5 mrrvomrr puvomrr kivomrr6 mrrvofu puvofu kivofu7 mrrvohin puvohin kivohin
Ordinal NumbersNumber + -ve
0 – 8 volve1 ’awve 9 volawve2 muve 10 vomuve3 pxeyve 11 vopeyve4 tsìve 12 vosìve5 mrrve 13 vomrrve6 puve 14 vofuve7 kive 15 vohive
More Na’vi Numbers:x1 combining x8 x64 x512 x4096
1 ’aw -aw vol zam vozam zazam2 mune -mun mevol mezam mevozam mezazam3 pxey -pey pxevol pxezam pxevozam pxezazam4 tsìng -sìng tsìvol tsìzam tsìvozam tsìzazam5 mrr -mrr mrrvol mrrzam mrrvozam mrrzazam6 pukap -fu puvol puzam puvozam puzazam7 kinä -hin kivol kizam kivozam kizazam
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Example Numberzamtsìvosìng zam + tsìvo + sìng 64 + 4∗8 + 4 100
Non-Na’vi Numbers8 ’eyt 9 nayn
B Time
Here is a list of the Pandoran times of the day, as well as names made for the terrestrial week.Stress is again shown with underlining.
Trrtxontrr’ong dawn
trr’ongmaw after dawnrewon morning
srekamtrr before noonkxamtrr noon
kxamtrrmaw after noonha’ngir early afternoonkaym late afternoon
sreton’ong before nightfalltxon’ong nightfall
txon’ongmaw after nightfalltxon night
srekamtxon before midnightkxamtxon midnight
kxamtxomaw after midnighttxon night
sresrr’ong before dawntrr’ong dawn
Days of the Terrestrial WeekSunday trr’awveMonday trrmuveTuesday trrpxeyve
Wednesday trrtsìveThursday trrmrrve
Friday trrpuveSaturday trrkive
C Na’vi Loan Words
’Ìnglìsì: ["PIN.lI.sI] PF n. English language (loa-ned from Eng. English)
’Rrta: ["Pr".ta] PF,Prr prop.n. Earth (loaned
from Eng. Earth)Europa: [E.u."Ro.pa] PF prop.n. Europe (loaned
from Greek Europe)ewro: ["Ew.Ro] PF n. euro (loaned from Eng. eu-
ro)hametsì: [ha.mE.
>tsI] PF n. leavened bread (loa-
ned from Hebrew chametz)Jakesully: [ZEjk'su:l
"i] M n. moron, toruk mak-
toyu (loaned from Eng. Jake Sully) (not nor-mally allowable under Na’vi phonotacticrules)
Kelnì: ["kEl.nI] PF prop.n. Köln, Cologne
kunsìp: ["kun.sIp^] PF n. gunship (loaned fromEng. gunship)
lì’upuk: ["lI.Pu.puk^] PF n. dictionary (loanedfrom Na’vi / Eng. word book)
LosÄntsyelesì: [lo."sæn.>tsjE.lE.sI] PF prop.n.
Los Angeles (loaned from Eng. Los Angeles)matsa: [ma.
>tsa] PF n. matsa, crackers (loaned
from Hebrew matsa)nìFranse: [nI."fRan.sE] PF adv. French (loaned
from French Français)nìToitsye: [nI."to.i.tsjE] PF adv. German (loa-
ned from German Deutsche)nìTsyungwen: [nI.">tsjuN.wEn] PF adv. Zhong-
wen (loaned from Mandarin ChineseZhongwen)
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Nìyu Yorkì: [ni.�ju "jor.kI] PF prop.n. New YorkPari: [pa.Ri] PF prop.n. Paris (loaned from
French Paris)paynäpll: ["paj.næ.pl
"] PF n. pineapple (loaned
from Eng. pineapple)päsketpol: [pæ.skEt.pol] PF n. basketball (loa-
ned from Eng. basketball)pätsì: ["pæ.
>tsI] PF n. badge (loaned from Eng.
badge)pensìl: ["pen.sIl] PF n. pencil (loaned from Eng.
pencil)pìlok: [pI."lok^] PF n. blog (loaned from Eng.
blog)postì: ["po.stI] PF n. (forum/blog) post (loaned
from Eng. post)Poston: ["po.ston] PF prop.n. Bostonpuk: [puk^] PF n. book (loaned from Eng. book)puktsyìp: ["puk.>tsjIp^] PF n. pamphlet, booklet
(derived from puk book)pxir: [p'iR] PF n. beer (loaned from German bi-
er)skxaypxe: ["sk'aj.p'E] PF n. Skype (loaned from
English Skype)Sweriye: [swERijE] PF prop.n. Sweden (loaned
from Swedish Sverige)tawsìp: ["taw.sIp^] PF n. sky-ship (loaned from
Eng. ship)
tìreyn: [tI."REjn] PF n. train (loaned from Eng.train)
Toitslan: ["to.i.>tslan] PF prop.n. Germany (loa-ned from German Deutschland)
Toitsye: ["to.i.>tsjE] PF adj. German (language)(loaned from German Deutsch)
toktor: ["tok.toR] PF n. doctor (loaned fromEng. doctor)
tsyänel: [">tsjæ.nEl] PF n. TV channel (loanedfrom Eng. channel)
tsyìräfì: [>tsjI.Ræ.fI] PF n. giraffe (loaned fromEng. giraffe)
tsyoklìt: [">tsjok.lIt^] PF n. chocolate (loanedfrom Eng. chocolate)
txolar: ["t'o.lar] PF n. dollar (loaned from Eng.dollar)
wep: [wEp^] LN n. web (as in world wide web,www) (loaned from Eng. web)
weptseng: ["wEp.>tsEN] LN n. website (loaned
from Eng. / Na’vi web place)wou: ["w·o.·u] PF svin. be amazing, fascinating
(slang) (loaned from Eng. whoa)Yeysu: [jEj.su] PF prop.n. Jesus (loaned from
Italian Jesu)Yuesey: [ju.E.sEj] PF prop.n. U.S.A. (loaned
from Eng. U.S.A.)
+
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D Flora and Fauna
Fauna
’angtsìk: ["PaN.>tsIk^] PF n. hammerheadeltungawng: ["El.tu.NawN] PF n. brainworm
(c.w. from eltu brain and ngawng worm)fkio: ["fki.o] PF n. tetrapteronfpxafaw: ["fp'a.faw] PF n. medusafwampop: ["fwam.pop^] PF n. tapirusfwäkì: ["fwæ.kI] PF n. mantisikran: ["ik.Ran] JC n. bansheeikranay: [ik.Ra."naj] JC,PF n. forest bansheeilu: ["i.lu] PF,D n. large plesiosaur-like sea crea-
ture (from Disney’s Pandora Guide to theFlora and Fauna of the Valley of Mo’ara)
kali’weya: [ka.liP.wE.ja] ASG n. species of poiso-nous arachnid
kenten: ["kEn.tEn] PF n. fan lizardlanay’ka: [la."najP.ka] PF,ASG n. slingermawup: ["ma.wup^] PF,CdS n. turtapedenantang: ["nan.taN] JC,PF n. viperwolf Canifer-
ratus costatus, striped armored wolf
nantangtsyìp: ["nan.taN.>tsJIp^] JC,PF n. dog(earth animal); lit. little nantang (derivedfrom nantang viperwolf )
pa’li: ["paP.li] PF n. direhorsepalulukan: [�pa.lu."lu.kan] JC n. thanator (col-
loquial [pa."lu.kan])palulukantsyìp: [�pa.lu."lu.kan.>tsjIp^] JC,PF n.
cat (earth animal); lit. little palulukan (deri-ved from palulukan thanator) (colloquial[pa."lu.kan.>tsjIp^])
riti: ["Ri.ti] JC n. stingbatsyaksyuk: [sjak."sjuk^] PF n. prolemuristalioang: ["tal.�i.o.aN] JC n. sturmbeest (derived
from ioang animal)teylu: ["tEj.lu] JC n. beetle larvatoruk: ["to.Ruk^] JC n. great leonopteryx, last sha-
dowtspìng: [>tspIN] PF,CdS n. austrapedeyerik: ["jE.Rik^] PF n. hexapedezize’: [zi."zEP] PF n. hellfire wasp
E The Changelog
Following is a brief record of the most recent revisions...
• 14.0 - Added 40 new words from naviteri.org, June 6, 2019 and several minor fixes (up-date by Tirea Aean)
• 13.9 - Many small fixes; Added all new vocabulary from language-updates forum, navi-teri.org August 31, 2018 and October 30, 2018
• 13.8 - Added vocabulary from naviteri.org, July 31, 2018, lesar si from 2012, fixed tons ofIPA (thanks Wllìm!)
• 13.71 - Added uolì’uvi from forever ago (thanks Tirea!)
• 13.7 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, March 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018
• 13.63 - Added kxì from naviteri.org, February 28, 20187
• 13.62 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, December 31, 2017
• 13.61 - Added Kate Winslet’s character Ronal to the proper nouns section
• 13.6 - Added new vocabulary from the October naviteri.org posts, new character names,linguistic terms
• 13.51 - Added Swota Wayä to proper nouns, from Disney
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• 13.5 - Added new vocabulary used in Disney’s Pandora - The World of Avatar
• 13.421 - Corrected inconsistencies in the source field.
• 13.42 - Minor typo corrections and fixed IPA for LosÄntsyelesì. Also added tìng ontuand tìng ftxi since they didn’t make it into the dictionary the first time, for some bizarrereason.
• 13.41 - Added mo’ara from Disney’s Pandora - The World of Avatar
• 13.4 - Added new Avatar lead character name and clan, Tomowari and Metkayina
• 13.332 - Disambiguated the definition of takuk. Also changed fmetok to vtr. Getting moreprecise all the time!
• 13.331 - Disambiguated the definition of pongu.
• 13.33 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, February 28, 2017.
• 13.32 - Moved Na’vi clan names to Proper Nouns block.
• 13.31 - Fixed silly typos for pllhrr and säpllhrr. Thanks elf!
• 13.301 - Typo/format corrections for several words. No visible changes to the .pdf
• 13.3 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2017.
• 13.294 - Corrected stress for nìolo’
• 13.293 - Corrected infix IPA for ue’
• 13.292 - zong changed to vtr. Thanks, Plumps!
• 13.291 - Various minor corrections suggested by Plumps and eejmensenikbenhet.
• 13.29 - Vocabulary added from naviteri.org, June 30, 2016. Some important new words inthis one.
• 13.284 - Corrected accent for lefpomtxok and kelfpomtokx Plumps. Wou!
• 13.283 - Corrected IPA for säplltxe and säplltxevi. Plumps again. ;)
• 13.282 - Added derivatives of nguway
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