Post on 16-Jan-2016
The Civil War, 1861-1865
Chapter 15
I. North
1. Advantages:2. Population (immigrants; slaves)
3. Large industry; financial sectors
4. Controlled: banks, RR, factories
5. Block S. from the trading w/the world
6. Greenbacks—currency
North (cont’d)
7. Disadvantages8. Offensive war
9. Occupy the S.
10.Landlocked
II. South
1. Not landlocked
2. Defensive war
3. High troop morale
4. Highly trained generals
South (cont’d)
5. Disadvantages6. Lack of resources
7. Limited transportation
8. Cotton demand dropped
9. Inflation
III. Finding Soldiers to Fight
1. Unionvolunteers at first
2. 1863—Conscription (draft)
3. New York Draft Riots
4. Confederacy
5. Volunteers at first
6. Draftedwealthy also paid for others to serve
IV. Border States & Congress
1. Lincolnneeded the border states
2. DE, MD, MO, KYUnion slave states
3. Some opposed the war
4. Copperheads (aka Peace Democrats)
5. Immediate peace w/Conf.
V. 1st Large Military Engagement
1. July 1861, 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
2. 1st major land battle
3. Union defeated
4. “Stonewall” Jackson
5. N. misjudged S.
6. N.Long War!!
7. S.became
complacent
VI. Union Plan
1. Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan
2. 1st Phase—Anaconda Plan
3. Union Navy blockade ALL Southern Ports
1. Block trade & supplies
4. 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River1. Cut S. in half
Union Plan (cont’d)
5. 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas
6. 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA
VII. Second Battle of Bull Runand Antietam
1. March 1862—Gen. Robert E. Lee
2. Forced Union Gen. John Pope to retreat
3. Lee now had 2 major victories
4. Hoped another would get foreign aid
Antietam
5. Antietam—Bloodiest day
6. 22,000 dead
7. McClellan forced a Lee retreat
8. McClellan didn’t pursue!! Relieved of duty
9. Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept Confederates from getting foreign aid!
10.Lincoln now had a victory.
VIII. Emancipation Proclamation
1. Jan. 1, 1863.
2. Gave N. moral justification
3. England agreed; won’t help the S.
4. Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union
5. 54th Mass. Infantry
IX. Ironclads
1. Ironclad ships
2. S. CSS Merimac
3. N. USS Monitor
4. No more wooden ships in U.S. navy
X. 1863: War Tips to the North
1. 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
2. June 1863—Gettysburg, PA
3. Bloodiest overall battle of the war
4. Lee; never again try to attack the N.
5. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg
6. Won’t get European support; never win again
1863: War Tips to the North (cont’d)
6. July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS
7. Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River
8. Gettysburg Address
9. Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the Union Army
XII. Gen. Sherman
1. Gen. William Tecumseh
Sherman
2. Scorched Earth—Burn
& destroy fields, homes,
everything
3. Force Southerners to
surrender
XII. Surrender & Assassination
1. Pres. Lincolnno peacesurrender!!!
2. April 9, 1965 Confederate Army surrendered Appomattox Court House
3. April 14, 1865—Lincoln assassinated by Booth
XIII. End of Slavery & Free Blacks
1. Confiscation Acts1. Property used for war seized2. Slaves; confiscated3. Freed slaves in any rebellious territory
2. Border states?3. 13th Amendment—Abolished slavery in
the U.S.4. Freedmen; 1,000s flocked to the N.5. 180,000 blacks fought for the Union
XIV. Consequences of the War
1. Generation lost; 620,000
2. Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home, etc.
3. 1865: 4 million new Americans (13th Amend.)
4. Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme
5. American democracy survived
Consequences of the War (cont’d)
6. Economic: Southruined; industrializaiton
7. N. would try Reconstruction of S. gov.
8. North: Industrial boom! Many got rich off highly priced necessities
9. Homestead Act of 18621. 160 acres to any family; farm for at least 5
years
Homesteaders
Consequences of the War (cont’d)
10.Morrill Land Grant Act of 18621. Federal land for schools
2. Teach ag. & tech. trades
11.Pacific Railway Act of 18621. Trans. Railroad
2. Atlantic-Pacific Ocean