Post on 11-Jan-2016
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Resource AdvantagesUnion Advantages Confederate Advantages
PopulationIndustry supported
manufacturingLarger railroad
networkStrong leader in
LincolnWell-organized navy
Set up a blockade
Fighting for their survival: slavery
Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee
War was fought mainly in the SouthFamiliar territory and
supplies are closer
StrategiesUnion
ConfederacyKeep loyal slave states from seceding by not abolishing slavery (MO, KY, MD, DE)
The Anaconda Plan:capture capital
(Richmond, VA)control the Mississippi
River to cut the Confederacy in half
blockade southern portsThis would squeeze the
life out of the Confederacy
Tire the UnionGain support of
Britain and FranceNeeded cotton from the South
Never got their help
Early Battles of the WarFirst Battle of Bull
Run/ManassasJuly 1861Confederate victory under
Stonewall JacksonShocked the NorthUnion had to replace the Union
General with McClellan (who is later replaced)
Battle of Shiloh April 1862an unsuccessful Union attempt to
gain control of the Mississippi River
The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron (ironclad)No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the
past
Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)Southern victory led
by General Lee, commander of Confederate Army
18 days later Lee takes his army North, but is intercepted by General George McClellan, General of the US Army
Let’s Review!1. Which of the following was a
Southern advantage?
a. Southerners simply had to defend their land
b. Southern military leaders devised the Anaconda Plan to end the war quickly
c. The South possessed factories and railroad lines
2. Which of the following was an element of the Anaconda Plan?
a. Blockade of Southern ports
b. Capture the capitol, Washington, DC
c. Squeeze the life out of the Union
3. What was revealed by the outcome of the 1st Battle of Bull Run?
a. The Southern army was well trained
b. The North would eventually win
c. The war would not be short
4. What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh?
a. The Confederacy successfully blocked the Union from taking the Mississippi River.
b. The Union made an unsuccessful attempt to gain control of the Missouri River.
c. There is no major significance to the Battle of Shiloh.
Antietam (Sept 1862)The victory necessary
for Lincoln to proclaim emancipation
Union General had General Lee’s military plan
The bloodiest single day of the Civil War
Lee retreats but loses less soldiers
Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863
African AmericansWhat should
the Union do with slaves?Free them?...
Lincoln’s suggestion but must wait until a Union victory…Antietam
Put them to work? Given the
worst jobs
Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in states that
were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863
Did NOT apply to loyal slave states
Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states surrendering
Southerners see there will be no negotiations
Gives the war a moral cause
African Americans Fight BravelyUnion started to recruit freed slaves…
fighting for their freedomGain respect from white menSometimes given tedious tasksIf captured by the Confederacy they would be
killedSouthern slaves help Union troops as they
pass throughFoodSpiesScouts
Final Turning PointsGenerals Ulysses S. Grant and William T.
Sherman capture Vicksburg, MS (1863) [Remember Anaconda Plan]
Vital victory for North control of the Mississippi River
Union could pass through ConfederacyDominate the South
Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)General Lee drove back Union forces in PAUnion took up strong defensive positionAfter 2 days, Lee unable to break Union lines
ordered men to charge at the middle of defense lines
Most soldiers were killedConfederates retreated to VA
Weakened by death, desertion & hunger3 day battleBloodiest battle in American history, > 50,000
dead
Coming to an EndLater that year, Gettysburg Address,
honoring all those who died in the battleElection of 1864 – Lincoln wins re-election
over McClellanSherman’s March to the Sea
Across GA to the Atlantic Coast, 60 milesDestroyed EVERYTHING in their pathBurned AtlantaTroops reach sea to re-supply
General Lee knew his army could not continueApril 9, 1865Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, VA
April 14, 1865John Wilkes Booth, southern supporter shot Lincoln
at Ford’s Theater, “the south will be avenged”Lincoln died the next day in the house across from
the theater
Soldiers Life4 out of 5 Southern
men foughtBrother s might fight
brothersBoring and
monotonousInjuries usually led
to amputationMalnutrition was
always a problem
Women and the War
Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war
Led to women entering professions that had been off limits
Most women were nursesClara Barton will later
form the American Red Cross
Start to consider sanitation
“Angels of the Battlefield”
Life on the HomefrontUnion Confederacy
Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry
Income taxesWestern lands sold
extremely cheapUnion started a draft that
led to Draft RiotsCopperheads condemned
Lincoln for war actions and wanted the war to stop
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus (holding someone in jail without charging them) to deal with draft dodgers
Lacked the resources to support troops…mainly shoes
Blockade runners were no longer successful
Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops to feed troops
Seized/stole Union goods when able
Confederate money is worthless
Could not deal with the economic hardships
Let’s Review!1. What is the significance of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
a. It freed ALL slaves regardless of loyalty to the Union.
b. It had no importance.
c. It created a moral cause that Lincoln needed to maintain support for the war.
2. Why was the surrender of Vicksburg a turning point in the Civil War?
a. It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.
b. It marked the surrender of the Confederate capital to Union forces.
c. It was the largest battle ever fought in North America
3. What did Sherman’s victory in the siege of Atlanta help to ensure?
a. Jefferson Davis’ reelection
b. Passage of the 13th Amendment
c. Lincoln’s reelection
4. What was the result of Lee’s surrender?
a. The war ended immediately
b. The war continued for several months
c. Jefferson Davis resigned