Post on 18-Dec-2015
The CellBy: Emily, Victor, and Abigail
What am I?
Bacteria?
Plant Cell?
Animal Cell?
NucleusRibosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Nuclear Envelope
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Thylakoids
Grana
Stroma
Vacuoles
Plasma Membrane
Plastids
What Type of Cell am I? _________________
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
What Type of Cell am I? _________________
NucleusRibosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Lysosomes
Nuclear Envelope
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Thylakoids
Grana
Stroma
Vacuoles
Plastids
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane
What Type of Cell am I? _________________
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Ribosomes
Plasma Membrane
Chromosome
Plasmid
Flagellum
Capsule
Plasmids❏ Small DNA molecule that is separate
from the from the chromosomes❏ Replicate independently❏ “Naked” → Not wrapped in histones
Nucleus❏ Contains Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)❏ Houses the nucleolus, site of rRna
synthesis❏ The nuclear envelope contains nuclear
pores, that allows RNA to leave the nucleus
❏ Site of DNA replication, repair, and transcription
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)❏ Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum: No ribosomes embedded; site of lipid and steroid hormone synthesis
❏ Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Embedded with ribosomes; site of glycoprotein synthesis (attaches sugar groups to amino acid chains)
Ribosomes
❏ Assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains
❏ Prokaryotic: 70s ribosomes (30s subunit + 50s subunit)
❏ Eukaryotic: 80s ribosomes (40s subunit + 60s subunit)
Golgi Complex❏ Flatten sacs (cisternae)❏ Modification of
proteins and lipids ❏ Package modified
proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport
Vacuoles❏ Food Vacuole: Temporary storage
of nutrients; merges with lysosomes to digest the nutrients
❏ Central Vacuole: Large organelle that occupies most of a plant’s interior; exerts pressure onto cell wall, giving it shape
Vesicle❏ Move materials
between organelles and plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm❏ Composed of mostly water
and salt❏ Site of anaerobic respiration
(glycolysis and fermentation)❏ Gives the cell its shape; holds
the organelles in place❏ Cytosol: Part of cytoplasm
that doesn’t contain organelles
Plasma Membrane❏ Double phospholipid membrane❏ Barrier between internal
metabolic events from the external environment
Lysosomes❏ Vesicles from the golgi
apparatus that contains digestive enzymes
❏ The enzymes only function in acidic environment → If the enzyme is released into the cell, the enzyme is rendered useless
Peroxisomes❏ Break down substances
(lipids and proteins); also breaks down hydrogen peroxide
❏ Toxins are broken down by peroxisomes
Mitochondria❏ Synthesizes ATP❏ Site of aerobic
respiration (requires oxygen)
Chloroplast❏ Site of
photosynthesis❏ Light
dependent/light independent reaction
Cytoskeleton
❏ Microtubule (tubulin): Cell motility (flagella and cilia), mitotic spindle, cell structure, organelle movement
❏ Intermediate Filaments: Cell structure❏ Microfilaments (actin): Muscle
contraction (w. protein myosin), cytokinesis
Centrioles
❏ Work with microtubules during mitosis/meiosis to form spindle
apparatus.
Flagella and Cilia ❏ Composed of
microtubules❏ Facilitate cell
movement❏ Flagella: Few, long, snake-like movement❏ Cilia: Many, short, hair-like, back-and-
forth movement.
Extracellular Matrix❏ Area between
adjacent cells❏ Binds adjacent cells
together❏ Structural proteins,
adhesion proteins, glycoproteins
Picture Websites● http://www.biologycorner.com/APbiology/pathology/bacteria.html● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid#mediaviewer/File:Plasmid_(english).svg● http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/502164/ribosome● http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/golgi/golgiapparatus.html● http://mol-biol4masters.masters.grkraj.org/html/Protein_Synthesis5-Ribosome_as_Translation_Machine.ht
m● http://plantcellsorganelles.weebly.com/vacuoles.html● http://jonlieffmd.com/blog/vesicles-transport-information● http://schoolcellproject1.weebly.com/cytoplasm.html● http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plasmamembrane/plasmamembrane.html● http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/chap07.htm● http://www.heartcom.org/SwedishPollenExtract.htm● http://www.gceadvancelevel.com/cytoskeleton/● http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/majors101book/Chapter_04-Cell_Structure&Function/02-parts_of_ad
vanced_cells.htm● https://dribbble.com/shots/1678777-Camera-Icon● http://www.artinaid.com/2013/04/chloroplasts-what-are-and-what-they-are-made%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8
B-of/● https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/exam-3/deck/6490769● http://circresearch.com/gallery/category/cardiac-myocyte-biology/● http://imgarcade.com/1/peroxisome-function-in-a-cell/VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDH8sWiUsAM&list=WL&index=27