THE CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS

BY: MS. KHARYL C. GENODEPANON

The nature of the reform movement

• People were discontented because they remained poor and

burdened with heavy taxes

• Filipinos cannot participate in the government

Aims,

• Making the Philippines a province of Spain

• Represented in the Spanish law making body

• Filipinos would become Spanish citizen

“Benevolent Assimilation”

The Filipino Reformist

GracianoLopez Jaena

• Great orator

Jose Rizal• Great thinker and writer

Marcelo H. del Pilar

• Political analyst

• Editor

The Pro-Filipino societies

• Circulo Hispano-Filipino- the purpose of this newspaper

was to bring the attention of the Spanish authorities in Spain the

conditions I the Philippines and to work for the introduction of

reforms which would benefit the Filipinos

• Associacion Hispano-Filipino- to work for the material

and moral improvement of the Philippines

Masonry and its Role

• To work for freedom and prosperity

• Good government

• Representation in the Spanish Cortes

• Make the Philippines a province of Spain

La liga Filipina

• To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body

• Mutual protection of all members in the case of necessity

• The encouragement of agriculture, commerce and

education

• Defense against any kind of violence and injustice

• Study of applications and reforms

Why the reform movement failed?

• Spanish high officials in Spain were too

busy with their own problems

• Lack of financial support

• The reformist themselves were not united

Bonifacio and the Katipunan

By: Ms. Kharyl C. Genodepanon

Reform

Revolution

FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN

• July 7, 1892 (Azcaraga street now Claro M.

Recto Avenue)

Includes the following men:

Andres Bonifacio

Teodoro Plata

Valentin Diaz

Ladislaw Diwa

Deodato Arellano

-membership was a through a system called “TRIANGLE”

AIMS OF THE KATIPUNAN

CIVIC• Members were urged to help the sick comrades and their families

MORAL• Teaching of good manners hygiene and good moral Character

POLITICAL

• SEPARATION OF THE Philippines from Spain

• Securing its independence

KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT

SUPREME COUNCIL

PROVINCIAL COUNCIL

POPULAR COUNCIL

JUDICIAL COUNCIL

SECRET CHAMBER

Three kinds of members

– KATIPON ( Anak ng Bayan )

– KAWAL ( Gomburza )

– BAYANI ( Rizal )

Katipunan Codes

Katipunan Flags- a flag was made by Benita Rodriguez with

the help of the wife of Bonifacio Gregoria de Jesus

“The Kalayaan”

Bonifacio- “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” (Agapito Bagumbayan)

Valenzuela- “Pahayag” (Madlang Away)

Andres Bonifacio

• November 30, 1896 ,Azcaraga Street near the present

Manila Railroad station

• Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro

• Ciriaco, Procopio, Troadio and his sisters Espiridiona and

Maxima

The Katipunan Revolution

By: Ms. Kharyl C. Genodepanon

Teodoro Patiflo

Madre Portera

Father Mariano Gil

The Discovery of the Katipunan

August 19, 1896

- In the yard of Juan Ramos the son of Melchora Aquino or

“Tandang Sora”- Mother of the Katipunan

“ bring out your cedulas and tear them to pieces to show that

we are prepared to take up arms”

“Long live Philippines! Long live Katipunan!”

“THE CRY OF THE PUGADLAWIN”

August 30, 1896

They attack the powder magazine located in San Juan del Monte

Martial law

Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija-Those who would surrender 48 hrs after the publication of the decree would not be tried in the Military court

“THE REIGN OF TERROR”

• September 4, - four Katiponeros were executed in

Bagumbayan field

• Sept. 12- 13 suspects from cavite were also executed “ the

13 martyr's of Cavite”

• January 4, 1897- 12 Bikolano patriots were were also shot

to death

Rizal’s Execution- Dec. 30, 1896

-His execution did not dishearten the revolutionist, on the

contrary they resolved to fight to the bitter end, thus Rizal’

s execution encouraged rather than discouraged the

Filipinos to fight heroically for their country and its

independence

Emilio Aguinaldo- “Heneral Miong”

• His famous victory was in Imus on September 5, he

defeated the Spanish army contingent under the

command of General Ernesto de Aguirre

“Tejeros convention”

• March 22, 1897

• March 23, - Tejeros Resolution- Bonifacio and 45 others give their

reasons for not recognizing the previous election

President – Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice President- Mariano Trias

Captain General- Artenio Recarte

Director of war- Emiliano Riego de Dios

Director of the Interior- Andres Bonifacio

Naik Military Agreement

• Was a military agreement in which another government

would be established , General Pio del Pilar was to be the

commander of this army and the head of the government

was Bonifacio himself

The Execution of Bonifacio

• Colonel Agapito Bonzon

• May 10, 1897 in Mount Tala part of Mount Buntis

• Bonifacio and his brother Ciriaco

• Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja- succeeded Gen. Ramon

Blanco in Dec. 1896 grew tired of the Filipinos who refused

to surrender

• Gov. Gen. – Fernando Primo de Rivera, took personal

charge of the military campaign against the rebels.

- Rivera tied hrd to win over the Filipinos back but he failed,

Biyak na Bato Republic

• Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho

– copied the Cuban Constition

• Article VIII provided that

• “ the Tagalog shall be the

official language of the Republic

the constitution was approved

on November 1,

President: Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice President: Mariano Trias

Secretary of Interior: Isabelo

Artacho

Secretary of war- Emiliano Riego

de Dios

Secretary of the Treasury-

Baldomero Aguinaldo

The Truce of Biyak-na-Bato

• Nov. 18, Dec.14 and 15 1897

• The agreement provided:

– That Aguinaldo and his men would go into voluntary exile

– That primo de Rivera would pay Aguinaldo the amount of

800,000 pesos

– The latter would pay an additional amount of 900,000 to the

families of non-combatant Filipinos who suffered during the

revolution

The Failure of the Truce

• Both the Spaniards and the Filipinos did not trust each other that

resulted to mutual suspicion

• Bad faith on both sides,

“Where there is bad faith there can be no permanent

peace”