Post on 02-Jan-2016
description
The Bioclimatologic
Features of Turkish
Spa Resorts
Prof Dr Hatice GÜRDALIstanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology Department
• Spa treatment is performed as a complex cure system under the influence of local climato therapeutic factors, together with other comprehensive therapy methods
• The climatic features of the health – spa resort have a great influence on human health and recreation.
• Meteorological analysis and interpretation of thermo physiologically effectiveness of health spa resort climate is important
• Thus medical doctors are able to obtain better information about the special bioclimatic features of the resorts, to agree them with the individual physiological parameters of the guest and develop a cure therapy programs
The Climate Varies From Region to Region
• Marmara, Aegean and the Mediterranean:Typical Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters
• Black Sea Coast:Temperate climate with warm summers, mild winters and relatively high rainfall
• Central Anatolia:Hot, dry summers and cold winters
• Eastern Anatolia:Long snowy, cold winters and mild summers
• South-East Anatolia:Hot summers with mild, rainy winters
Number ofThermomineral
Spring
Marmara Region 76
Aegean Region124
Middle Anatolia 104
Mediterranean Region 17
Black Sea Region 13
East andSouth- East Anatolia 37
Total number of spring
371
• Middle Anatolia and the Aegean region have got the most of the spas in Turkey. Marmara region follows these regions as the number of health spa centers
(82% of Turkey).
• The description of the climatic conditions of Middle Anatolia and inland Aegean are continental, coastal Aegean and Marmara regions are maritime.
05
1015202530354045
nu
mb
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as
50 51-300
301-600
601-1000
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1301-1600
1601
altitude (meter)
The Altitudes of Turkish Spa Centers
• The Most of the Health Spa’s are at 600 - 1300 m. Altitude (50% of Turkey)
• Few of them covered by forests, most of them are not .
• Dominating bioclimatic features are moderately stimulating factors
Health Spa Cure Centers in Middle Anatolia
• Mild Stimulant• Ankara-Beypazarı• Niğde- Çiftehan• Konya -Ilgın• Kırşehir-Terme
• Strong Stimulant• Sivas- Kangal• Yozgat -Boğazlayan• Eskişehir• Ankara- Kızılcahamam
Ankara- Haymana
Health Spa Cure Centers in Aegean Region
• Coastal Region• İzmir-Balçova• İzmir- Çeşme• Muğla-Köyceğiz • Aydın -Kuşadası
• Inland Region• Afyon- Oruçoğlu,
İkbal, Sandıklı
• Kütahya- Harlek, Yoncalı
• Denizli-Pamukkale, Karahayıt
Health Spa Cure Centers in Marmara Region
• Coastal Region • Armutlu• Çanakkale-Ezine• Istanbul-Tuzla
• Inland Region• Yalova -Termal• Bursa- Askeri Hasth.,
Kükürtlü, Oylat• Bolu• Gönen• Adapazarı-Kuzuluk
Altitude-Annual Mean Temperature
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.)
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Stimulative Bioclimatological Effects Inland Regions at Moderate Altitude in
Turkey
• Decreased atmospheric temperature
• Decreased atmospheric humidity• Increased wind activity • Decreased sultry days • Increased night chilling • Decreased antropogenic pollution • Increased global / UV-radiation
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Altit
ude(
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Diffe
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Yükseklik (m.) Seriler 1 Temmuz-Gece Gündüz Sıcaklık Farkı
Altitude and The Differences of Daily Temperature in July
Unfavorable Bioclimatologic Factors At the Middle High Mountain Region
• Especially at night cold stress can be expected in summer period
• There is a few sultry days in the summer period
• There hasn’t been any measures about air pollutant at Spa centers
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Alti
tude
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200
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Yükseklik (m.) 15 ºC'nin altındaki gece sayısı
Altitude - The Number of the Cold Night (Under 15°C )
Number of foggy days per year
• Balçova 1• Ezine 4• Kızılcaham. 5• Yalova 7
• Gönen 46• Bolu 32• Oylat 22• Ayaş 20
Annual Duration of Sunshine must be higher than 1500 hours
(The climatic Limits for spa center by Deutscher Heilbäderverband )
All of Turkish Spa centers receive more than 1500 hrs/year
• Balçova 3000• Ezine 2800• Yalova 2400• Gönen 2600
• Bolu 2200• Oylat 2400• Kızılcahamam 2400• Ayaş 2600
The Number of Sultry Days Per Year
• Beypazarı 628 m. 10-15 days/year
• Ayaş 720 m. 1-2 days/year• Eskişehir 801 m. none• Kırşehir 985 m. 1-2
days/year• Kızılcaha. 1002 m. none• Ilgın 1030 m. none• Haymana 1225 m. none• Nevşehir 1260 m. none• Sivas 1285 m. none• Kangal 1545 m. none
Sultry Days at Continental Climate
( inland )of Turkey
• 0 – 500 m• 500 – 1000 m• 1000 – 1500 m• > 1500 m
10-15 sultry days5-10 sultry daysa few sultry daysnone sultry days
Sultry Days in Summer Period are Mostly in South West Regions ( Teq>56.0ºC )
• Fethiye - Gebeler• İzmir - Balçova • İzmir - Çeşme• Çanakkale - Ezine• Yalova - Armutlu• İstanbul - Tuzla
Altitude-The Number of Hot Days (Upper 20,25,30 C )
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Fethiy
e
Edrem
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Bursa
Denizl
iBolu
K.h
amam
Afyon
Haym
ana
Kanga
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Alt
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(m
.)
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Yükseklik (m.) Seriler 1Seriler 6 20 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler25 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler 30 ºC'nin üzerindeki günler
• İzmir - Çeşme 1• Tuzla - İstanbul 5-15• İzmir - Balçova 60• Gönen 37• Ezine 90• Bursa - Çekirge 220• Yalova Termal 105• Denizli - Sarayköy 169
Coastal / Marine climate Coastal / Marine climateSeashore urban climatePlate with low altitudeCoastal / Marine climateUrban climateValley / Forest climateValley
Turkish Spa Center at Low Altitude (m)
Turkish Spa Centers at Middle High Altitude (m)
• Bolu 750• Oylat - İnegöl 840• Kızılcahamam 975• Ankara-Ayaş 720• Niğde - Çiftehan 1200• Konya - Ilgın 1027
Forest climateForest climateForest climateForest climatePlateau climatePlate at high altitude
Turkish Spa Center at High Altitude (m)
• Erzurum 1690• Sivas - Kangal 1600• Ağrı - Diyadin 1500• Yozgat 1350• Haymana 1300• Niğde - Çiftehan 1200• Kütahya - Harlek 1050
Mountain climateMountain climateMountain climateMountain climatePlateau climatePlateau climatePlateau climate