Examples

Proteins

What they do for living things

What Proteins do for Living Things

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1) Proteins are major structural molecules in living things.

1) Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones

2) Hair, skin, and nails

3) Cell membranes

2) Antibodies in the immune system are made of protein.

3) Enzymes are made of protein.

4) Non steroid hormones are made of protein.

Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones

Without these particular structural proteins, we would look more like this.

Well, maybe not exactly…Well, maybe not exactly…

Hair, Skin, and Nails

Microscope View ofSkin and Nails

This is skin This is a nail

Just a Little More Cool Info…

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane surrounds everything in a cell so it doesn’t leak out. It is kind of like the balloon in a water balloon.

The cell membrane is made mostly of protein AND lipids.

Antibodies are part of the immune system. When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be

there, like certain bacteria, antibodies find the invader and stick themselves onto it. When a white blood cell finds the invader covered with antibodies, it knows it

doesn’t belong there and kills it.

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. If you didn’t have enzymes in your

stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!

Later in class, your teacher will show you a demonstration of an enzyme.

What are hormones?

Hormones are chemicals made in glands that are in one place in the body and then put into the blood to be used in another.

These are where the

hormone producing

glands are located

in your body.

The thyroid is found in the middle of your neck, by your voice box. Here is a picture of those cells secreting the thyroid hormone.

Thyroid hormone regulates how fast your body uses energy. If you have an over active thyroid, you use energy quickly and tend to be

very thin and have a hard time putting on weight.

If you have an under active thyroid gland, you use energy very slowly and tend to carry more body fat and have a difficult time losing it.

Don’t be quick to think you have a thyroid problem if you are overweight, chances are it’s actually your eating and exercise habits!

(The yellow stuff isthyroid hormone)

Elements, Monomer, and Shape

Elements found in ProteinsLike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins have Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in them.

BUT they also have…

Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur.

An easy way to remember it is to make the elements into the word “CHONS”.

The monomers found in proteins are calledAMINO ACIDS

The shapes of proteins are much like a knotted piece of

string.

The amount of energy gained by consuming protein…

Final Review QuestionsPlease do not look back at the information in your handout.

1. Proteins are major structural molecules in living things. List 5 places or things in your

body that contain a lot of protein.

2. What are enzymes? What are they made of?

3.What does the enzyme Rennin do?

4. What are hormones?

5. What does your thyroid hormone do?

6. Name three food high in proteins.

7. What elements are found in proteins?

8. How many Calories are found in 1 gram of protein?