Post on 26-Dec-2015
The American NationThe American Nation
Chapter 3 and 4 The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
The American NationThe American Nation
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Section 1: Building the Jamestown Colony
Section 2: The New England Colonies
Section 3: The Middle Colonies
Section 4: The Southern Colonies
Section 5: Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
Chapter 3-Colonies Take Root
Chapter 3, Section 4
Building the Jamestown ColonyBuilding the Jamestown Colony
• What challenges did the first English colonies in North America face?
• How did Virginia begin a tradition of representative government?
• What groups of people made up the new arrivals in Virginia after 1619?
Chapter 3, Section 4
Challenges at JamestownChallenges at Jamestown
The settlers at Jamestown faced several challenges:• Swamps—bad water, mosquitoes, and malaria• Quarrelsome ruling council failed to make
plans• Starvation• Colonists searched for gold and wouldn’t work• Poor relations with Indians
Chapter 3, Section 4
Beginnings of Virginia’s Tradition of Representative Government
Beginnings of Virginia’s Tradition of Representative Government
The king gave the Virginia Company a charter—a legal document that gave the company certain rights.
Chapter 3, Section 4
Beginnings of Virginia’s Tradition of Representative Government
Beginnings of Virginia’s Tradition of Representative Government
From Virginia Company reforms of 1619• New governor would consult settlers.• Male settlers would elect representatives called
burgesses.• Burgesses would meet in an assembly called the
House of Burgesses to make laws.
Chapter 3, Section 4
New Arrivals in Virginia after 1619New Arrivals in Virginia after 1619
• The Virginia Company sent about 100 women.• A Dutch ship arrived with about 20 Africans.
Chapter 3, Section 5
Seeking Religious FreedomSeeking Religious Freedom
• How did European states control or regulate religion?
• Why did the colonists at Plymouth feel they needed the Mayflower Compact?
• How were the Pilgrims able to survive early hardships?
Chapter 3, Section 5
European States Controlled ReligionEuropean States Controlled Religion
• Established church the religion supported by the state
• Persecution mistreatment or punishment of people for their beliefs
Chapter 3, Section 5
Plymouth Colonists and the Mayflower Compact
Plymouth Colonists and the Mayflower Compact
• Plymouth colonists are known as “Pilgrims” because they made a long journey for religious reasons.
• They settled outside the boundaries of their charter, so its terms would not apply to them.
• Therefore they wrote a framework for governing their colony—the Mayflower Compact.
Chapter 3, Section 5
Pilgrims Establish American TraditionsPilgrims Establish American Traditions
• Pilgrims set important precedents, or examples for others to follow.
• The idea of religious freedom• A day of thanks for a good harvest, or
Thanksgiving
Chapter 4, Section 1
The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies
• Why did the Puritans decide to leave England?
• What problems in Massachusetts colony caused people to leave?
• Why were the Puritans and Native Americans at war?
• Why were towns and villages important in New England life?
Chapter 4, Section 1
The Puritans Decide to Leave EnglandThe Puritans Decide to Leave England
Who were the Puritans?• A religious group who had hoped to reform the
Church of England Why did they leave England?• The king disapproved of Puritans and their ideas,
canceled Puritan business charters, and had some Puritans jailed.
• They believed that England had fallen on “evil and declining times.”
• They wanted to build a new society based on biblical laws and teachings.
Chapter 4, Section 1
Problems in Massachusetts Caused People to LeaveProblems in Massachusetts Caused People to Leave
Who Left? For Where? Why? Results
Thomas Hooker Founded Connecticut
He thought the governor and other officials such as the General Court had too much power.
He established a colony with strict limits on government. Settlers wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
General Court—Massachusetts assembly elected by male church membersFundamental Orders of Connecticut—a plan of government that gave all male property owners the right to vote, not just church members, and limited the governor’s power
Chapter 4, Section 1
Problems in Massachusetts Caused People to LeaveProblems in Massachusetts Caused People to Leave
Who Left? For Where? Why? Results
Roger Williams Settled in Rhode Island
He believed that the Puritan church had too much power.
He set up a colony where church and state were completely separate. He fostered religious tolerance.
Anne Hutchinson Fled to Rhode Island
She questioned the Puritan church’s teachings; she was tried and ordered out of the colony.
She later became a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.
religious tolerance—willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
Chapter 4, Section 1
Puritans and Native Americans Fought Over LandPuritans and Native Americans Fought Over Land
• As more colonists settled in New England, they began to take over more Native American lands.
• By 1670 nearly 45,000 settlers were living in New England.
• In 1675, Chief Metacom and the Wampanog Indians destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 settlers.
Chapter 4, Section 1
Towns and Villages Were Important in New England LifeTowns and Villages Were Important in New England Life
• In the center of each village was the common, an open field where the settlers’ cattle grazed.
• The Puritans worshiped in the village meeting house. They took their Sabbath, or holy day of rest, seriously.
• Settlers gathered at the meeting house for town meetings, where they discussed and voted on issues.
• Some towns became important centers of trade and shipbuilding.
Chapter 4, Section 1
Section 1 AssessmentSection 1 Assessment
The Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a new societya) that would expand the Church of England.b) where church members and nonchurch members alike could vote.c) based on their views of biblical laws and teachings.d) where church and state were completely separate.
Which statement is NOT true of the New England Colonies?a) Settlers spoke their minds at town meetings.b) Fishing and shipbuilding were important economic activities.c) Religion had an important influence on colonial life.d) Farmers plowed broad, fertile fields to grow wheat.
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Chapter 4, Section 1
Section 1 AssessmentSection 1 Assessment
The Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a new societya) that would expand the Church of England.b) where church members and nonchurch members alike could vote.c) based on their views of biblical laws and teachings.d) where church and state were completely separate.
Which statement is NOT true of the New England Colonies?a) Settlers spoke their minds at town meetings.b) Fishing and shipbuilding were important economic activities.c) Religion had an important influence on colonial life.d) Farmers plowed broad, fertile fields to grow wheat.
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Chapter 4, Section 2
The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies
• Why did the colony of New Netherland become the colony of New York?
• Why did New Jersey separate from New York?
• How was Pennsylvania founded?• What was life like in the Middle Colonies?
Chapter 4, Section 2
New Netherland Became New YorkNew Netherland Became New York
1626 and on• The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. Settlers traded in furs.
New Amsterdam became a thriving port.• To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich
families. Owners of the estates were called patroons.• People from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland
because of its religious tolerance. The colony grew.• Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the
Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony.
• Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot.
1664• The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New
Netherland became New York.
Chapter 4, Section 2
New Jersey Separated From New YorkNew Jersey Separated From New York
• The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily.
• He gave up some land to friends. They set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony. In a proprietary colony, the king gave land to one or more people. These proprietors could divide the land and make laws for it.
• Settlers came from many countries.• In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony,
which is a colony under the direct control of the English crown.
Chapter 4, Section 2
William Penn Founded PennsylvaniaWilliam Penn Founded Pennsylvania
• In England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. Quakers were against war.
• Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas.• Penn believed the Quakers must leave England. He turned to
the king for help.• The king issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a
new colony, later called Pennsylvania.• Penn called for fair treatment of Native Americans.• Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from
many countries, including Germany. Other colonists called the Germans Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German.
Chapter 4, Section 2
Features of Life in the Middle ColoniesFeatures of Life in the Middle Colonies
• Cash crops—crops that are sold for money at market
• Large farms• Skilled artisans• Homes far apart• Settlers from many different countries• Many styles of building• Coastal area plus the backcountry
Chapter 4, Section 2
Section 2 AssessmentSection 2 Assessment
The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled bya) the Dutch.b) Puritans.c) people of many different religious backgrounds.d) friends of the Duke of York.
Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies?a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soilb) settlers of many different religious backgroundsc) settlers from many different countriesd) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms
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Chapter 4, Section 2
Section 2 AssessmentSection 2 Assessment
The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled bya) the Dutch.b) Puritans.c) people of many different religious backgrounds.d) friends of the Duke of York.
Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies?a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soilb) settlers of many different religious backgroundsc) settlers from many different countriesd) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms
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Chapter 4, Section 3
The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies
• Why was Maryland important to Roman Catholics?
• How were the Carolinas and Georgia founded?
• What two ways of life developed in the Southern Colonies?
Chapter 4, Section 3
Maryland Was Important to Roman CatholicsMaryland Was Important to Roman Catholics
• 1632—Sir George Calvert became a Roman Catholic. He asked King Charles I for a colony in the Americas for Catholics. Calvert died. His son, Lord Baltimore, took over.
• 1634—Settlers arrived in Maryland. Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and council of advisers, but he let colonists elect an assembly.
• 1649—Lord Baltimore asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration, a law that provided religious freedom for all Christians.
Chapter 4, Section 3
Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion
• Settlers arrived in Virginia, expecting profits from planting tobacco.
• Wealthy planters already had the best lands near the coast. Newcomers were pushed farther inland, onto Indian lands.
• Settlers and Indians clashed.• Settlers asked the governor for help. He wouldn’t act.• In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon organized angry frontier
planters. They raided Native American villages, then burned Jamestown.
• The revolt soon ended when Bacon died suddenly.
Chapter 4, Section 3
The Carolinas and Georgia Are FoundedThe Carolinas and Georgia Are Founded
CarolinasNorth:• poor tobacco farmers from
Virginia• small farmsSouth:• eight English nobles• Charles Town• settlers from the Caribbean• rice and indigo, a plant
used to make blue dye• enslaved Africans
Georgia• James Oglethorpe• debtors, or people who
owed money and could not pay
Chapter 4, Section 3
Two Ways of Life in the Southern ColoniesTwo Ways of Life in the Southern Colonies
Land
Farms
Crops
Slavery
Tidewater Plantations Backcountry
coastal plain, many rivers rolling hills, thick forests
large plantations small farms
tobacco, rice, indigo tobacco, garden crops
Enslaved Africans tended Tidewater plantations
Few enslaved Africans worked backcountry farms.
Chapter 3, Section 2
Spain Builds an EmpireSpain Builds an Empire
• How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?
• What areas did the Spanish explore?• How did Spain settle and organize its
colonies?• What was life like for Native Americans
under Spanish rule?
The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America.The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America.
Chapter 3, Section 2
How Spain Organized Its ColoniesHow Spain Organized Its Colonies
Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up three kinds of settlements:• Pueblos—towns, centers of farming and trade• Presidios—forts where soldiers lived• Missions—religious settlements run by priests
and friars
Chapter 3, Section 2
Four Social ClassesFour Social Classes
Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up four social classes:• Peninsulares—people born in Spain• Creoles—people born in the Americas to
Spanish parents• Mestizos—people of mixed Spanish and Indian
background• Indians—treated as conquered people
Chapter 3, Section 2
The American NationThe American Nation
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Section 1: Roots of Self-Government
Chapters 4: The Colonies Life in the Colonies
Section 2: Colonial Society
Section 3: Slavery in the Colonies
Section 4: The Spread of New Ideas
Roots of Self-GovernmentRoots of Self-Government
• Why did England want to regulate colonial trade?
• What were colonial governments like?• How were the liberties of the colonists
limited?• Why did the slave trade grow in the
1700s?
The English Parliamentary TraditionThe English Parliamentary Tradition
From English tradition:• Magna Carta—The Great Charter of 1215 that
said the king could not raise taxes without consulting a Great Council of leaders.
• Parliament—Great Council grew into an assembly of representatives that make laws
Part of Government How Chosen What They Did
Governor appointed by the king or by the colony’s proprietor
directed the colony’s affairs and enforced laws
Legislature
upper house—a group of advisers appointed by the governor
lower house—an elected assembly
people who had the power to make laws
made laws
approved laws; protected the rights of citizens; approved taxes
What Colonial Governments Were LikeWhat Colonial Governments Were Like
Rights Under Colonial GovernmentsRights Under Colonial Governments
• Colonists had rights as English Subjects.• 1688 In the Glorious Revolution, Parliament replaced King
James II with William and Mary.• 1689 William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights.
• protected rights of individuals• guaranteed right to trial by jury• said the ruler could not raise taxes or army without
approval of Parliament • Some colonists had the right to vote.
• white Christian men over the age of 21 who owned property• in some colonies, only members of a particular church
bill of rights—a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect
England Regulated Colonial TradeEngland Regulated Colonial Trade
England believed in an economic theory called mercantilism, which said:• A nation became strong by strictly controlling its trade.• A country should export more than it imported.
exports goods sent to markets outside a countryimports goods brought into a countryTo enforce mercantilism, England passed the Navigation Acts, laws that regulated trade between England and the colonies so that England benefited.
• Only colonial or English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies.
• Colonial merchants could ship goods such as tobacco and cotton only to England.
• Colonists were encouraged to build their own ships.
England Regulated Colonial TradeEngland Regulated Colonial Trade
• Yankees—a nickname for New England traders—dominated colonial trade.• Colonial merchants developed many trade routes. One route was known as the
triangular trade.• Colonial merchants sometimes defied the Navigation Acts by buying goods from
the Dutch, French, and Spanish West Indies.
Limits on Liberties of ColonistsLimits on Liberties of Colonists
• Women had fewer rights than free, white males.• Married women had fewer rights than unmarried
women and widows.• Africans had almost no rights.• Native Americans had almost no rights.
Life in the ColoniesLife in the Colonies
• What class differences existed in colonial society?
• How did the Great Awakening affect the colonies?
• How did the colonists educate their children?
• How were the colonies affected by the spread of new ideas?
Social Classes in Colonial SocietySocial Classes in Colonial Society
Gentry• wealthy planters, merchants, ministers,
successful lawyers, royal officialsMiddle Class• farmers, skilled craftsworkers, some
tradespeopleLower Class• farmhands, indentured servants—people who
signed contracts to work without wages in return for their ocean passage—and slaves
Chapter 4, Section 3
Why the Slave Trade Grew in the 1700sWhy the Slave Trade Grew in the 1700s
1619
1600s
Early 1700s
1700s
First enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia.
Some Africans remained enslaved, some were servants, a few were free.
Carolina plantations needed large numbers of workers.The planters came to rely on slave labor.
Slave ships carried millions of enslaved Africans west across the Atlantic. Colonists enacted slave codes.Many colonists displayed racism, though a few spoke out against slavery.
slave codes—laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior; treated enslaved Africans as propertyracism—the belief that one race is superior to another
Education in the ColoniesEducation in the Colonies
New England • Massachusetts required all parents to teach their children “to read and understand the principles of religion.”
• Massachusetts set up the first public schools, or schools supported by taxes.
• The earliest schools had one room for students of all ages.
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
Apprenticeships
• Churches and families set up private schools. Only wealthy families could educate their children.
• Some planters hired tutors, or private teachers. Sons of the very wealthy went to school in England. Slave were usually denied education.
• Boys might serve as apprentices to learn a trade or craft by living with a master and working for free in return for training.
The Great Awakening Touched the ColonistsThe Great Awakening Touched the Colonists
In the 1730s and 1740s, a religious movement known as the Great Awakening swept through the colonies.• The Great Awakening began with powerful ministers.• It led many people to split from their old churches and
start new ones.• The growth of so many churches forced people to be
more tolerant of different beliefs.• New preachers argued that formal training was less
important than a heart filled with the holy spirit.• This thinking encouraged a spirit of independence. If
people could learn to worship on their own, they could govern themselves. People felt freer to challenge political authority.
The Spread of New IdeasThe Spread of New Ideas
• The Enlightenment was a movement started in Europe by thinkers who applied reason and logic instead of superstition to understand the world.
• English philosopher John Locke wrote that people could gain knowledge by observing and experimenting.
• Benjamin Franklin demonstrated the spirit of the Enlightenment. He used reason to invent useful devices and improve his world.
• City life encouraged the development of cultural events, such as the theater and the growth of the newspaper.
• The growth of colonial newspapers led to a dispute over freedom of the press.
• Newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger was tried for libel—the act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation. The jury agreed that since the stories were true, Zenger had not committed libel—a step toward freedom of the press.