The Aluminum Advantage in Fenestration

F i l f il id ti l t t l t ti

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From single-family residential to monumental construction … and everything in between

The American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members pare available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuingThis program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Copyright MaterialsThis presentation is protected by U.S. and International

Copyright Materials

copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2008

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

This course is designed to improve yourg p yunderstanding of:• The versatility of aluminum in fenestration

applications • The strengths of aluminum in the selection of

fenestration productsfenestration products• Aluminum’s “green” characteristics • Why aluminum offers design and performance y g p

advantages

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William McDonoughgAward-winning architect and designer

• Sustainable Development (1996)• Sustainable Development (1996)• Time magazine’s “Hero for the Planet” (1999)• Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge

(2003)

“I believe we can accomplish great and profitable

( )• National Design Award (2004)

p g pthings within a new conceptual framework—one that values our legacy, honors diversity, and feeds ecosystems and societies It is time for designsecosystems and societies . . . It is time for designs that are creative, abundant, prosperous and intelligent from the start.”

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Case StudyyQS/1 Data Systems – Spartanburg, SC

• Six storiesSix stories• 115,000 sq. ft. of thermally

improved aluminum framing• First commercial, new

construction high-rise to be LEED- certified in South Carolina

• Demand-controlled energy til t b ildirecovery ventilator uses building

exhaust to precondition outside air supply

• Monitors occupant fresh airMonitors occupant fresh air demand with sensors

• Consumes less energy than the previous 45,000-square-foot

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facility

Case Study (cont’d) y ( )QS/1 Data Systems – Spartanburg, SC

Green Features• High-performance window glazing system

Hi h ffi i li hti d l bi t• High-efficiency lighting and plumbing systems• Energy-efficient HVAC system

www.allbusiness.com/construction/constructionbuildings/598467-1.htmlwww johnsoncontrols com/publish/etc/medialib/jci/be/case studies Par 78393 File tmp/CSST-www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/etc/medialib/jci/be/case_studies.Par.78393.File.tmp/CSST-X05-016.pdf

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The Aluminum AdvantageThe Aluminum Advantage

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Aluminum SourcesAluminum SourcesAluminum, which is made from bauxite, is the most , ,abundant metal in the Earth’s crustwww.enotes.com/earth-science/aluminum

Aluminum is highly recyclableAluminum is highly recyclable.• 65% of all the aluminum ever produced is still in use

• Recycled aluminum uses only 5% of the energyRecycled aluminum uses only 5% of the energy required to produce primary aluminum

• Aluminum can be recycled over and over with no loss of physical propertiesVoreis, Richard D. “Meeting the call for ‘sustainable’ design.”Glass Magazine October 2004. www.glassmagazine.net/articles.php?id=178

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The Benefits of AluminumThe Benefits of AluminumIn both residential and commercial applications,

• Structural Integrity • Thermal Performance

aluminum offers:

g yo High strength-to-

weight ratioo Long service life

• Sustainabilityo Green credentials

o Low maintenance

• Design Flexibility

o Environmentally friendlyo Natural daylighting and

shading componentso Shape optionso Color options

Bl t d I t

o Easily recyclable

• Excellent Value

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• Blast and Impact Resistant

Aluminum AdvantageSt t l I t itStructural Integrity

Tomball Regional Medical Center – TXLong-term durability• Aluminum is popular in

hospitals hotels andhospitals, hotels and other high-traffic facilities

• Structural integrity for extremely long life

• Energy efficient• Energy efficient

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Structural Integrity g y100 United Nations Plaza Tower – New York, NY

• 52 floors• 52 floors• Completed in 1986• Height 557 feet (170 meters)Height 557 feet (170 meters)

www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100unitednationsplazatower-newyorkcity-ny-usa

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Structural Integrity

St t l C biliti

g yGranite Park III – Plano, TX

Structural Capabilities• Aluminum framing can hold

the weight of heavy glass spans

• Maximizing glass surfaces allows for natural daylightingallows for natural daylighting

• Energy-efficient thermal barriers contribute to comfortable environmentscomfortable environments

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Structural Integrity

• Ultra-strong aluminum

George Bush International Airport

gframing supports large glass spans

Heavy (laminated) glass– Heavy (laminated) glass packages can provide increased acoustical properties

St th t i ht ti f• Strength-to-weight ratio of aluminum handles this weight with ease

• Designed to last many years• Very low maintenance

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Structural Integrityg yGaylord Texan™ Resort & Convention Center – Grapevine, TX

• More than four acres of “a lush climate-

t ll d tticontrolled setting under glass”

• 1,511 guestrooms1,511 guestrooms• 127 luxurious suites

http://www.gaylordhotels.com/gaylordtexan/http://www.gaylordhotels.com/gaylordtexan/tour/brochure.cfm

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Impact Resistance

• Growing list of states mandate impact-resistant

pact es sta ce

g pproducts in wind-borne debris regions

• Can be designed to meet testing standards tli d b ASTM I t ti l d Mi i D doutlined by ASTM International and Miami-Dade

County Protocols• The strength of aluminum framing membersThe strength of aluminum framing members

make this material a viable choice for impact-resistant products.

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Impact Resistance pHurricane Wilma – October 24, 2005

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Impact Resistance pTesting – Missile Impact: ASTM E 1886, ASTM E 1996

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Blast Resistance Products

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Blast Resistance• Aluminum has a high yield strength for blast

Blast Resistance g y g

loads• Aluminum yield strength tested to 40,000 psi

without steel reinforcementSource: http://www.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061T6

• Blast loads require fenestration material to bendBlast loads require fenestration material to bend and not break to absorb energy

• Easily accomplished with aluminum extrusions

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Blast ResistanceTesting Standards

• AAMA 510 06 Voluntary Guide Specification• AAMA 510-06, Voluntary Guide Specification for Blast Hazard Mitigation for Fenestration Systemsy

• ASTM F 1642-04, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings

• GSA-TS01-2003, U.S. General Services Ad i i t ti St d d T t M th d fAdministration Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings

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y p g

Design FlexibilityDesign Flexibility“In the Industrial Age, you started with a clean g ysheet. Literally. 'Back to the drawing board' means to start all over again. Start and finish.again. Start and finish.Past, present and future.Re-invent the wheel.Redraw redraw and redrawRedraw, redraw and redraw.Finish and start again.”

— Design Probewww.designprobe.com/architecture/clip-art.html

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Design Flexibility

• Luxury high-rise condo

g yThe Metropolis – Midtown Atlanta, GA

y gdevelopment nicknamed “city of glass”http://atlanta.about.com/od/bestofatlanta/tp/condoslofts.htm

• Two, 21-story towers, connected by a 6-story unitO t t i 249• One tower contains 249 condominiums (65% were sold in seven weeks)

• Second tower contains 249 apartment unitswww.emporis.com/en/bu/nc/ne/?id=100692

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Design FlexibilityN t l D li htiNatural Daylighting

Glebe Elementary School – Arlington, VA• Unique architecture

enhances the learning experienceexperience

• Natural daylighting creates a positive learning environment for students

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Design Flexibility g yThe Rice School/La Escuela Rice – Houston, TX

• K-8th grade schoolg• A magnet for technology

and Spanish http://thericeschool org/main/http://thericeschool.org/main/

• School features a unique design that capitalizes on natural daylighting, which has been shown to improve learning in other education gfacilitieswww.pge.com/003_save_energy/003c_edu_train/pec/daylight.shtml

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Design FlexibilitySh di C tShading Components

Thermal Shade Rendering

• Design flexibility• Recycling of material• Building integrated

Photovoltaics• Improved thermal• Improved thermal

characteristics

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Aluminum AdvantageD i Fl ibilitDesign Flexibility

Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt – Nashville, TN

• Built in 2004• 8 floors

617 000• 617,000 square feet

• More thanMore than 200,000 pediatric visits annuallywww vanderbiltchildrens com/interiwww.vanderbiltchildrens.com/interior. php?mid=13

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Design Flexibility g yHistoric Renovations

Duke University – Durham, N.C. Drake Hotel – Chicago, IL

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Design Flexibilityg yColor

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Design Flexibilityg yColor - Painted Finishes (Liquid or Powder)

Aesthetic appearanceAesthetic appearance• Almost unlimited color

availability

Protection from the environment• AAMA 2603• AAMA 2603

– Pigmented Organic Coatings • AAMA 2604

– High-Performance Organic Coatings

• AAMA 2605 This product displays dual finish coatings

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– Superior Performing Organic Coatings

dual finish coatings

Design FlexibilityColor - Anodized FinishesAesthetic appearance - a variety of anodized options are available.

Color Anodized Finishes

• Clear translucent, specular and matte

• Exterior and interior colors provide excellent lightfastness

• Check with anodizing manufacturer for lightfastnessd tdata

Protection from the environment• AAMA 611

– Class I High Performance– Class II Commercial Performance

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Class II Commercial Performance• AAMA 612

– Combined coatings

Design FlexibilityC lColor

Connoquenessing Valley Elementary School, PA

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Design FlexibilityC lColor

Findlay Market• Notice how the

windows match perfectly with allperfectly with all of the building trim components

• Color—a real advantage of aluminum

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Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance

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Thermal PerformanceThermal barriers separate cold and warm

environments

Frost-free at 72ºF (22°C)

thermal

frost forms

dry ice at -148ºF (-100°C)

barrier

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Thermal PerformanceEvolution of Aluminum Fenestration

Technological Development

36Infrared images are intended only as an example to show the relatively improved performance resulting from each innovation.

Thermal performancepEmpire State Building – New York, NY

• Completed in 1931p• 102 floors• 1,250 feet tall• Steel-framed windows• Single-glazed

’• World’s tallest building until 1972 – North tower, One World Trade ,

Centerwww.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=114095www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1worldtradecenter-newyorkcity-ny-usa

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Thermal Performance

Building illustrates aluminum’s multiple

Empire State Building – New York, NY

Building illustrates aluminum s multiple benefits:• 1994: Replaced 5,460 windows in the

hi t i b ildi (Ph 1)historic building (Phase 1) • Original steel windows deteriorated,

allowing for air infiltration, water leakage and frosting

• New windows represented 210,000 square feet or 30% of the exteriorsquare feet or 30% of the exterior

• Chemical analysis allowed matching of original paint color to satisfy the

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Landmarks Preservation Commission

Thermal PerformanceEmpire State Building – New York, NY

Th i d• The new windows contribute to 16% annual energy gysavings

• Conservative energy cost savingsenergy cost savings of $948k in 1994

• Energy savings t t $1 8equate to over $1.8

million in today’s dollars

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SustainabilityyBuilding “Green” with Aluminum

• Aluminum - a “green” gbuilding material

• Easily recyclable• Requires only 5% of

the energy required to produce primaryproduce primary aluminum

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SustainabilityEnvironmentally Friendly

Advantages of Recycling Aluminum• High scrap value

encourages its recycling• Aluminum recyclingAluminum recycling

industry has tripled• Recycling prevents

disposal to landfillswww.world-aluminium.org/Sustainability/Recycling

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Sustainability Susta ab tyBren School of Environmental Science & Management

Santa Barbara, CAModel of “Green” Practices• Platinum LEED®

certificationcertification• Design includes solar

photovoltaic system, natural ventilation and daylight and energy efficient lamps

• Exceeds energy efficiency standards

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Sustainability Susta ab tyThe Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center

Muskegon, MIBuilding “Green”• Gold LEED® certification• Hosts a carbonate fuel cell,

photovoltaic solar panels, a micro turbine and a nickel metal hydride battery energy storage system

• Includes polyurethane p ypoured and debridged thermal barrier aluminum windows

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do swww.gvsu.edu/MAREC

SustainabilityGreen Credentials

Capitol Area East End Complex – Sacramento, CA• “Greenest” building

developed by CAN fl ti hi h• Non-reflective, high-performance aluminum curtain wall maximizes sunlight, conserves energy and provides visualand provides visual transparency

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The Aluminum AdvantageThe Aluminum Advantage

Let’s review!

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Aluminum AdvantageStructural Integrity

E ll t t th t

Structural IntegrityRitz Carlton – New York, NY

• Excellent strength-to-weight ratio

• Superior structural strength– Wind load– Dead load

• Accommodates large openings– Non-residential productsNon residential products– Residential products

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Aluminum AdvantageD i Fl ibilitDesign Flexibility

Henderson City Hall – Henderson, NV

• Natural Daylighting– Offices arranged around

central exterior courtyardcentral exterior courtyard – Easy occupant access to

fresh air and sunlight to boost productivity and jobboost productivity and job satisfaction

• Shading Component

www.library.unlv.edu/arch/buildings/hendersoncityhall.html

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Aluminum AdvantagegDesign Flexibility

Al i ll f h Hi t i R tiAluminum allows use of shapes Historic Renovations

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Aluminum AdvantageD i Fl ibiliDesign Flexibility

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Aluminum AdvantagegDesign Flexibility

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Aluminum AdvantageD i Fl ibilitDesign Flexibility

Virtually unlimited color options

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Aluminum AdvantagegThermal Performance

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Aluminum AdvantagegSustainability

• Aluminum is an environmentally-friendly materialmaterial

• Aluminum is highly recyclable

• Increased energy performance

• Daylighting and view to• Daylighting and view to the outside environment

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The Aluminum Advantage in Fenestration

54From single-family residential to monumental construction

… and everything in between

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

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