Post on 18-Jan-2016
THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONMID-VICTORIAN EXPANSION
AND THE WORLD
• Ottoman Empire– Egypt
• India
• China
Ottoman Loss of Territories
Ottoman Empire
• Growing trade• Attacks by Russia• French occupation of Egypt (1798) Algeria
(1830)• Free Trade Treaty (1838)• Domestic Reform• Serbian Uprising (1804), Greek Revolution
(1821), Egyptian Revolt (1831, 1838) • Bankruptcy (1876)
1569 1850
TOPKAPI DOLMABAHCE
Egypt
• Napoleon 1798 • Mehmed Ali (1805-1848)• Revolt against the Ottomans
– 1831-1833, 1838-1840
• Reforms under M. Ali and his sons• Suez Canal (1869)
– Ferdinand De Lesseps– Purchased by Britain in 1875
• Bankrupt, occupied by Britain 1882
Mehmed Ali
Ferdinand De Lesepps
Suez Canal
India
• Decline of the Mughal Empire• Battle of the Plassey (1757)• British colonial rule, Phase I (1757-1857)
– East India Company– British bureaucracy, British law, colonial tax– Undermining of Indian textiles
• Barred from British markets• Duty free imports from Britain• Forced conversion of fields
– Make India like Britain– Sepoy Army and Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858)
• British colonial rule, Phase II (1857-1948)– End of Company rule, beginnings of rule by proxy
Mughal Empire
CHINA AND BRITAIN
EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES
From Ming to Qing
• Qing Trade Policies– No government support– No foreign travel– Restrictions on foreign merchants– Co-hong system
• British Expeditions– James Flint (1759)– George Macartney (1792)
Lord George Macartney
From Ming to Qing
Macartney Expedition
Emperor Qianlong
• Opium Wars– Chinese restrictions (1729, 1797, 1799)– Lin Zexu (1838)– First Opium War (1840-1842)
• Nanjing Treaty (1842)
– Second Opium War (1858-1860)
Nanjing Treaty (1842)
Palmerston
• Opium Wars– Chinese restrictions (1729, 1797, 1799)– Lin Zexu (1838)– First Opium War (1840-1842)
• Nanjing Treaty (1842)
– Second Opium War (1858-1860)
Second Opium War (1858-60)
Taiping Rebellion(1850-1868)
• Hong Xiuquan
• Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1850)
• Ever Victorious Army– Frederick Ward– General Gordon
Hong Xiuquan
Taiping Rebellion(1850-1868)
• Hong Xiuquan
• Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1850)
• Ever Victorious Army– Frederick Ward– General Gordon
Chinese Gordon Gordon Pasha (1864) (1883)