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History/Beginning of History/Beginning of JazzJazz

First of all , Jazz is defined as a style of music, native to America, characterized by a strong flexible rhythmic with solo and improvisations on basic tunes, chord patterns and etc.

The History Of Jazz• originated in the late 1800s -> today.• most likely originated in New Orleans- city’s

own musical traditions of band music for black funeral processions and street parades.

• Complex rhythms evolved from slaves who were forbidden to speak or didn’t know each other’s tribal language, so communicated meaning with rhythm. Improvisation has its roots here too…think of improvisation as the soloist speaking a sentence to you.

Watch this segment beginning at 46 minutes (https://youtu.be/UxzvVGlVZqE?t=46m)

Other Influences: Other Influences:

Key Musical Characteristics• Improvisation- the ability to create new music

spontaneously -> gives a fresh feeling at each performance. Jazz musicians: you must be able to play the role of a soloist, performer, reproducer of others’ ideas, and a composer.

• Syncopation- the uneven beats in jazz music. Jazz musicians take apart even, regular patterns and break them up, making them uneven. They also put accents in unexpected places.

Artistic Characteristics• performed: solo, by a small group of musicians

(combo), or by a big band. • combo has two sections: a solo front line of

melody instruments, and a back line of accompanying instruments called a rhythm sections

• rhythm section: maintains a steady beat, decorates the rhythm with syncopated patterns, and provides structure to support solos.

History/Beginning of History/Beginning of JazzJazz

Timeline of Jazz:

o1890’s – 1910’s Jazz is born; Ragtime

o1910’s – 1920’s Blues

o1920’s – 1930’s Dixieland

o1930’s – 1940’s Swing/Big Band

o1940’s Bebop

o1960’s Free Jazz

Ragtime was 1Ragtime was 1stst “pop “pop music” that replaced music” that replaced

Classical Music in Classical Music in performance popularityperformance popularityHow was it influential How was it influential on social conditions on social conditions in the US? in the US? What was What was

special about the special about the performers? performers?

RagtimeRagtime

Ragtime music is a truly African-American music. It combines rhythms that were brought to this country by slaves, with musical forms brought over to the United States from Europe. Ragtime uses syncopated rhythms. It means the accents in the melody are shifted away from the strong beats in the bass line underneath.

Influential Jazz Influential Jazz musicians/composersmusicians/composers

Felix Arndt (ragtime jazz musician)

““Nola” by Felix Arndt Nola” by Felix Arndt

BluesBluesThis is a style of music that is based around using “blue notes.” It started in African-American communities in the US and was influenced by various things, like spirituals, church music and chants.

This genre was born along the North Mississippi Delta after the Civil War.

Blues…Blues…moody & moody & expresses expresses hardships & hardships & love of real love of real lifelife

Folklorists with funding from Library of Congress recorded Lead Belly (Huddie William Ledbetter) on portable aluminum disc recording equipment in 1934 while he was in prison. After they recorded his song “Goodnight Irene”, they took a petition by him for his release to the Louisiana Governor on the other side of the record. He was release shortly afterwards though he had still served most of the minimum sentence. The video we will watch was of recorded shortly after his release.

Library of Congress production of Lead Library of Congress production of Lead BellyBelly

DixielandDixielandOriginated in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is characterized by improvisation and the playing back and forth of the cornet, trumpet, clarinet, and trombone. The background beat is supplied by the piano, ass, and percussion instrument players, who also have their turns to solo. It is usually played by bands of 4-8 members.

JAZZ JAZZ GREAT!!GREAT!!

LOUIS ARMSTRONGnicknamed “Satchmo” or “Pops”, was an African American jazz

trumpeter, composer and singer who became one of the pivotal and most influential figures in jazz music. His career spanned five decades,

from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in jazz.

Louis Armstrong performing a classic Louis Armstrong performing a classic Dixieland song!Dixieland song!

Video SamplesVideo Samples

"When The Saints Go Marching In" Dukes of Dixieland

• Duke Ellington- one of the leading figures of jazz. He was an outstanding composer and pianist.

• He started out as a member of the “Washingtonians,” and later took over the band.

• Ellington also composed longer works, film scores, and sacred music.

• Some of his most famous songs are, “Mood Indigo,” “Solitude,” and “Creole Rhapsody.”

Take the A Train• His composition with Billy

Strayhorn, “Take the A Train,” became the band’s theme song.

• There is syncopation, a rhythm section, and a solo line. It is also performed by a big band.

• This song is upbeat and celebratory. It is similar to black street parade music.

• Ellington was inspired by ragtime performers, and enjoyed playing the piano.

Duke Ellington performing “Take the A-Train”

Swing/Big BandSwing/Big BandThis has a strong rhythm, and is usually performed by the double bass and drums and is played at a fairly quick tempo. This started to become less popular during the period of WWII for several factors. It became difficult to maintain “big band” because of the fact that a lot of the bands members were overseas fighting in the war. This band was lifted in the early part of 1949 and by then swing had changed with many new styles having emerged.

Impacts of Jazz on warImpacts of Jazz on waro World War II made an impact on jazz.o Jazz music increased the confidence of the soldiers who were

fighting and also the families of these soldiers.o A lot of jazz musicians were soldiers and entertainers for the U.S

troops.o Bing Crosby, Artie Shaw and Benny Carter were on of them.o Jazz music wasn’t only popular to Americans, but Europeans too.o Jazz singers also released acapella records.o Jazz singers produced and shipped V-Discs all around the world.

• What was the theme American music What was the theme American music took on during WWII? This is Lead took on during WWII? This is Lead

BellyBelly

(A) Patriotism- Song is “Mr. (A) Patriotism- Song is “Mr. Hitler”Hitler”

Jazz Jazz Development/StylesDevelopment/Styles

There are a lot of jazz styles, but the most famous ones are ragtime, swing, Be-Bop and Blues

Each style has it’s own characteristics.

Ragtime

-Multi-theme music (usually grouped either ABACD or ABCD)-Ragtime music is usually hard, bright or cheerful.-Ragtime music is rarely rhythmically complicated.

Bebop-More of Art music rather than entertainment music.-Most likely for listening rather than dancing.-Made for improvisation.-Important artist of Be-Bop are Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.

BebopBebop

This is characterized by its focus on improvisation. Borrowing from swing, and rooted in the blues, bebop is the foundation on which modern jazz was built.

BeBop… BeBop… … …energized & energized & improvimprov

Charlie Parker

Charlie Parker & Dizzy Charlie Parker & Dizzy GillespieGillespie

Free JazzFree JazzThis is a style of music that emerged in the US in the mid-twentieth century. It is a loosely defined movement that includes many different musical styles, all of which place an emphasis on improvisation and a deconstruction of earlier jazz styles.

Vince Guaraldi TrioVince Guaraldi TrioThe Vince Guaraldi Trio wrote the music for the Snoopy The Vince Guaraldi Trio wrote the music for the Snoopy & Charlie Brown movies that came out in the 1970s. They & Charlie Brown movies that came out in the 1970s. They are an accomplished Free Jazz group that are a fun are an accomplished Free Jazz group that are a fun example of how Jazz has been used in popular forms of example of how Jazz has been used in popular forms of entertainment, not only back alley swank jazz bars…entertainment, not only back alley swank jazz bars…

Free Jazz Free Jazz

The Charlie Brown TV Specials music The Charlie Brown TV Specials music scores were composed by The Vince scores were composed by The Vince

Gauraldi Trio – Free JazzGauraldi Trio – Free Jazz

Although we stop around 1970, Jazz continues to be

played and evolve up to this day. What is perhaps even

more important is the many musical genres influenced by Jazz that evolved separately – Funk, Rock, Hip Hop, Disco,

etc.

BibliographyBibliography1. "Jazz Music and World War II." Jazz Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 30

Jan. 2013. http://www.angelfire.com/ky3/jazzandww2/2. "What Is Ragtime?" About.com Jazz. About.com, n.d. Web. 30

Jan. 2013. http://jazz.about.com/od/historyjazztimeline/a/ragtime.htm

"Style Sheets." Bebop. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.jazzinamerica.org/JazzResources/StyleSheets/10>.

3. "Classics for Kids." Classics for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. http://www.classicsforkids.com/shows/jazz.asp

4. "A History of Jazz Music." A History of Jazz Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.

http://www.scaruffi.com/history/jazz2.html5. "All That Jazz History : Swing Era." ThinkQuest. Oracle

Foundation, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.http://library.thinkquest.org/18602/history/swing/swingstart.html