Thank You Partners

Introduction

Module 1 Ohio Solid Waste Management Planning History

Module 2 Solid Waste Management District Governance

Module 3 Solid Waste Management Plan

Module 4 Solid Waste Fees

Module 5 Solid Waste Facilities & Collection

Module 6 Solid Waste Professional Associations & Professional Meetings

Module 7 Planning for the Future

After It Leaves the Curb

A Solid Waste Training Course for Ohio Government Decision and Policy Makers

Training Modules

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IntroductionIntroduction

Script 0.1

INTRODUCTION

• Designed for County Commissioners acting as the Board of Directors for Solid Waste Districts

• Board of Trustees for Solid Waste Authorities

• Policy Committee Members of Solid Waste Districts

• Mayors, Council Members, Township Trustees

• Facility Owners/Operators

• Commercial and Industrial Businesses

• Institutions (schools, hospitals and government facilities)

• Ohio Citizens

Script 0.2

INTRODUCTION

Using This Interactive Training Course

The Training Course Contains 7 Modules Including:

• Ohio Solid Waste Management Planning History

• Solid Waste Management District Governance

• Solid Waste Management Plan

• Solid Waste Fees

• Solid Waste Facilities & Collection • Solid Waste Professional Associations & Professional Meetings

• Planning for the Future

Script 0.3

Using This Interactive Tool

References

• Each of These Modules can be Visited Independently and Include a Vast Array of Resources and Support Information

• This presentation is Designed to be Updated Frequently

Resources and Information

• Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan• Ohio EPA’s Solid Waste Clearinghouse• Solid Waste Management Plan Format Book, Version 3.0• County Commissioners’ Handbook Chapter 32• Ohio Revised Code• Ohio Administrative Code• Ohio EPA Website• Solid Waste District Websites – Links included at the end of presentation

Script 0.4

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts

Twenty Years of Accomplishments

• Design, build and operate solid waste management facilities to protect public health and the environment

• Establish and create public and private sector jobs and opportunities within the waste industry

• Create renewable energy from landfill gas projects

• Created a comprehensive infrastructure to collect materials and return them to processors to be used as a raw material and returned to the marketplace as a new product

Script 0.5

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts

Twenty Years of Accomplishments

• Operate and fund organic material recycling facilities and products

• Encourage the use of new and cost effective technologies

• Provide loans to encourage the establishment of businesses using recycled materials and creating new job opportunities

• Establish residential and commercial cooperatives for purchasing solid waste services and creating recycling markets

Script 0.6

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts

Twenty Years of Accomplishments

• Ensure disposal capacity for all Ohio generated solid waste

• Operate programs to manage and divert special wastes including household hazardous waste, lead acid batteries and scrap tires

• Provide funding for law enforcement of open dumping and litter

• Provide funding to health districts for solid waste monitoring and enforcement

Script 0.7

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts

Twenty Years of Accomplishments

• Educate students and adults on solid waste management issues

• Provide technical assistance to business and industry to improve waste reduction and recycling

• Provide funding to facilitate waste reduction and recycling

• Implement economic incentives for residents and businesses to recycle

Script 0.8

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts

and the Public Sector Have Accomplished the Following

• Developed Over 500 Curbside Recycling Programs

• Developed Over 1,400 Recycling Drop-Off Centers

• Each year Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts Recycle:

• Over 13 Million Tons of Solid Waste• 1 Million Tons of Yard Waste• Over 5,000 Tons of Household Hazardous Waste• Over 100,000 Tons of Scrap Tires

Module 1Module 1

Ohio Solid Waste ManagementOhio Solid Waste ManagementPlanning History Planning History

Script 1.1

1980’s Time for a Change

• Landfill Capacity Shortage

• Increase in East Coast Waste

• Environmental Problems at Landfills

• Needed Environmental Technology Improvements

• Growth in Interest in Recycling at the Residential Level

Script 1.2

House Bill 592 Ohio Revised Code 343

Ohio Revised Code 3734.40 – 3734. 47

Ohio Revised Code 3734.50 thru 3734.57

• Environmental technological upgrades at landfills

• State solid waste management plan – State Solid Waste Management Plan Executive Summary

• Establish solid waste management districts or authorities – Map of Districts and Authorities

• Required county government (solid waste districts) to plan for disposal capacity and implement solid waste reduction and recycling strategies; and reduce reliance on landfills

Script 1.3

GETTING STARTED

• The new law required all counties to establish solid waste management districts - Map of Districts and Authorities

• Districts must have a population of 120,000 or more

• Exemptions to the population requirement were allowed if the District had a landfill with more than ten years capacity or the District provided a financial feasibility study providing for management of solid wastes for ten years

• There are now 52 solid waste management districts in Ohio

Script 1.4

GETTING STARTED

• Beginning in 1988, landfills were required to submit new permit applications to Ohio EPA for approval on a specified schedule

• Applications include engineering and operational plans

• Ohio EPA developed new regulations and best available technology requirements to improve protection of the environment at landfills

Module 2Module 2

Solid Waste Management Solid Waste Management District GovernanceDistrict Governance

STATE LEVEL GOVERNANCESTATE LEVEL GOVERNANCE

Ohio Solid Waste Advisory CouncilORC 3734.51

• Meets four times annually

• Advises and assists with the preparation of Ohio’s solid waste management plan

• Annually reviews implementation of Ohio’s solid waste management plan and the plans written by Ohio EPA via Director’s orders

• Reports findings to the Director

Script 2.1

Ohio Solid Waste Advisory CouncilORC 3734.51

Membership of the Ohio Solid Waste Advisory Council

• Directors of EPA, DNR, DOD ex officio • One member each representing the State of Ohio Senate and House of Representatives

14 members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate

• Health District• Two representing counties• Two representing municipalities• Two representing townships• Public representative

• Single county solid waste districts• Joint county solid waste districts• Industrial generators• Private recycling industry• Private solid waste industry• Statewide environmental advocacy

organization

Script 2.2

Ohio Solid Waste Management PlanORC 3734.50

State Plan Requirements –

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan

Script 2.3

Reduce reliance on the use of landfills for management of solid waste

Establish objectives for solid waste reduction, recycling, reuse and minimization

Establish restrictions on the types of solid waste disposed by landfilling where alternative management methods are available

Establish revised general criteria for the location of solid waste facilities

Examine alternative methods for disposal of fly ash and bottom ash from the burning of mixed municipal solid waste

Establish a statewide strategy for managing scrap tires

Establish a strategy to promote markets for products containing recycled materials

Establish a program for the proper separation and disposal of household hazardous waste

Management of Solid Waste DistrictsManagement of Solid Waste Districts

Types of Solid Waste Districts

• Single County Solid Waste District – Board of County Commissioners

• Joint County Solid Waste District – Board of Directors

• Solid Waste Authority – Board of Trustees

Script 2.4

Single County Districts

Script 2.5

Joint County Solid Waste Districts

Script 2.6

Solid Waste Authorities

Script 2.7

Differences in Governance

• A Board of County Commissioners manages a district similar to other county departments

• A Board of Directors of a joint solid waste district is provided specific authority to appoint and fix compensation of employees; accept gifts, devises and bequests and take other actions necessary to control and manage the joint district

• A Board of Trustees has all the duties and responsibilities that were imposed on or granted to a Board of Commissioners or Board of Directors as well as a policy committee

Script 2.8

Single County Solid Waste Management District

Board of County Commissioners

(Rates and Charges for Operating Facilities)

Solid Waste Management District

District Policy Committee Establishes Fees

Prepares Solid Waste PlanMonitors Plan Implementation

Script 2.9

Script 2.10

Joint County Solid Waste Management District

District Board of Directors (Rates and Charges for Operating Facilities)

Solid Waste Management District

District Policy Committee Establishes Fees

Prepares Solid Waste PlanMonitors Plan Implementation

Solid Waste Authority

Board of TrusteesManages District

Establishes Fees, Rates and ChargesPrepares Solid Waste Plan

Solid Waste Management

Authority

Script 2.11

Authority of Solid Waste Districts,Authority of Solid Waste Districts,Joint Districts and AuthoritiesJoint Districts and Authorities

ORC 343ORC 343

Authority of Solid Waste Districts

• May acquire (purchase or lease), construct, improve, enlarge, replace, maintain and operate solid waste collection systems and solid waste facilities

• The collection systems and solid waste facilities may be located within or outside the district

• May acquire within the county real property, any estate, interest or rights, by appropriation or any other method for use by a county or joint district in connection with such facilities

Script 2.12

Authority of Solid Waste Districts

• Issue bonds or bond anticipation notes to pay the cost of preparing general and detailed plans and other data required for the construction of solid waste facilities

• Maximum maturity of the bonds shall not exceed 10 years

Script 2.13

Authority of Solid Waste Districts

• Enter into a contract with any person, municipal corporation, township or other political subdivision for the operation and maintenance of any solid waste facilities regardless of whether the facilities are owned or leased by the county or joint district or the contractor

Script 2.14

Authority of Solid Waste Districts

• Exemptions for conflicts of interest for Commissioners, Directors and Trustees are provided in County Commissioners Handbook Section 32.29 Ethics and Conflict of Interest Provisions

Script 2.15

Authority of Solid Waste Districts

• Districts may join and form new joint districts and withdraw and establish separate solid waste districts. Details to accomplish withdrawal, dissolution, establishing new districts or joining an existing district is provided in County Commissioners Handbook Sections 32.09; 32.10; 32.11

Script 2.16

Specific Authorizations for Specific Authorizations for Joint County Solid Waste Joint County Solid Waste

Management DistrictsManagement DistrictsORC 343ORC 343

Powers of the Board of Directors of Joint County Solid Waste Management Districts

• A majority of the Board of Directors constitutes a quorum and a majority vote is required for the Board to act

• May designate a county auditor as the fiscal officer of the district

• May appoint an individual to be treasurer and fiscal officer of the district

• May designate a prosecuting attorney of one of the counties of the district to serve as legal advisor

• May employ an attorney as legal advisor

• May employ a professional engineer or select the sanitary engineer from one of the counties in the district to assist with engineering duties

Script 2.17

Management of Solid Waste DistrictsManagement of Solid Waste Districts

Formation of a Solid Waste AuthorityFormation of a Solid Waste Authority

ORC 343ORC 343

Formation of a Solid Waste Authority

• Commissioners or Board of Directors may adopt a resolution proposing an Authority or a political subdivision can request the Commissioners or the Board to consider passing a resolution to form an Authority

• Resolution is sent for a vote to all political jurisdictions (cities, villages and townships)

• Proposal to form an Authority is approved when political subdivisions representing 60% of the population of the district approve the proposal as long as the municipal corporation having the largest population in the County approves the proposal

Script 2.18

Formation of a Solid Waste Authority

• After adoption of the proposal, the County Commissioners enter into an agreement with the legislative authorities of municipal corporations and townships to form the Authority

• The agreement is to include procedures for appointing the Board of Trustees

• The Board of Trustees is to be comprised of at a minimum: President of the Board of Commissioners, CEO of the largest municipal corporation, township representative, the health commissioner having the largest territory in the district and one member of the public, one industrial, commercial or institutional generator and a public representative with no affiliation with a waste management company. The public and generator positions are appointed by the initial four positions of the Trustees. Other trustee representatives can be included in the agreement

• The agreement is adopted in the same manner as the proposal to form the Authority

Script 2.19

In addition to joint district capabilities, Solid Waste Authorities may:

• Adopt bylaws

• Maintain an office

• Provide insurance coverage for employees

• Liability insurance for the authority

• Sue or be sued

• Make contracts

• Use the County Prosecutor

• Hire outside legal counsel

• Do all necessary acts to carry out duties and responsibilities under Ohio Revised Code

Script 2.20

Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Powers of Solid Waste Districts,

Joint Districts and AuthoritiesJoint Districts and Authorities

ORC 343ORC 343

Powers of Solid Waste DistrictsPowers of Solid Waste Districts

DESIGNATION DESIGNATION

(FLOW CONTROL)(FLOW CONTROL)

ORC 343ORC 343

Powers of Solid Waste Districts

• Establish facility designations

• Decide to grant waivers to the designated facilities

• District rules and designation do not apply to solid waste facilities that exclusively dispose of a generators solid waste from one or more premises owned by the generator and/or facilities that exclusively dispose of wastes that are generated from the combustion of coal or a combination of coal and scrap tires that are not combined with garbage

Script 2.21

Powers of Solid Waste Districts

Districts may be authorized to:

• Designate solid waste disposal, transfer and recycling activities that are owned by political subdivisions and are financed with public debt

• Designate facilities or activities where no public debt is outstanding

Procedures to accomplish designation are outlined in County Commissioners Handbook Sections 32.19, 32.20 & 32.21

Also See Supreme Court Cases:

United Haulers Association v. Oneida Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, April 30, 2007.

C&A Carbone Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York, May 16, 1994.

Script 2.22

Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Joint Districts and AuthoritiesJoint Districts and Authorities

RULESRULES

ORC 343ORC 343

Powers of Solid Waste DistrictsIf authorized by the solid waste management plan,

• Adopt, publish and enforce rules

• Rule 1 – Prohibiting or limiting the receipt of solid wastes generated outside the district

• Rule 2 – Governing the maintenance, protection and use of solid waste collection or other solid waste facilities located within the district

• Rule 3 – Governing the development and implementation of an out of state waste inspection program

• Rule 4 – Exempting the owner or operator of any existing or proposed solid waste facility provided for in the solid waste plan from compliance with a township zoning resolution that rezoned or redistricted the parcels where the facility is to be located within two years of filing a permit application

Script 2.23

Powers of Solid Waste Districts

Districts are authorized to:

• Prosecute violators of District rules or designations

• Prepare a general facilities plan

• Pay for improvements by issuing bonds. This could include cost of acquiring real estate, trucks, rolling stock and equipment necessary for the improvement.

Script 2.24

Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Joint Districts and AuthoritiesJoint Districts and Authorities

CONTRACTSCONTRACTS

ORC 343ORC 343

Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Joint Districts and Authorities

ORC 343

Districts are authorized to:

• Contract with any person or political subdivision within or outside the district for furnishing solid waste collection, storage, transfer, disposal, recycling, processing or resource recovery services

• Contract with the owner or operator of a solid waste facility or collection or hauling company to collect generation or disposal fees on behalf of the district

Script 2.25

Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Powers of Solid Waste Districts,Joint Districts and AuthoritiesJoint Districts and Authorities

RATES AND CHARGESRATES AND CHARGES

ORC 343ORC 343

Powers of Solid Waste Districts

Districts are authorized to:

• Establish rates or charges for services provided

• Adopt a cost allocation plan

• Procedures for establishing rates and charges can be found at County Commissioners Handbook Section 32.26

Script 2.26

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY COMMITTEEPOLICY COMMITTEE

Solid Waste Management Policy Committee

Membership

President of the Board of County Commissioners, or designee• CEO of the largest municipal corporation in the District, or

designee• Township Representative chosen by Boards of Trustees• Health Commissioner of the largest health district, or

designee• Industrial, commercial or institutional generators

representative• Public representative with no conflict of interest with a waste

company or significant generator of solid waste• Public representative

Script 2.27

Solid Waste Management Policy Committee

Joint County District Membership

• Consists of the same representation as a single county District for each County in the Joint District

• Joint Districts with an even number of counties add one additional citizen member selected by all the other policy committee members

Script 2.28

Solid Waste Management Policy Committee

Solid Waste Authority Board of Trustees

• A Board of Trustees for a Solid Waste Authority has the same role as the Policy Committee for a Solid Waste District

• Membership on the Board of Trustees is in accordance with an Agreement ratified immediately after the Authority is formed

• A Board of Trustees is vested with all the duties and responsibilities of a policy committee

Script 2.29

Solid Waste Management Policy Committee or Board of Trustees

Responsibilities and Duties

• Select a chairman and vice chairman

• Appoint a Technical Advisory Council (optional)

• Retain consultants

• Request information from ODNR Divisions of Geological Survey and Water regarding proposed solid waste sites

Script 2.30

Solid Waste Management Policy Committee or Board of Trustees

Responsibilities and Duties

• Prepare the solid waste management plan

• Adopt the Plan

• Certify the ratification of the Plan

• Annually review implementation of the approved plan and report findings to the Board of Commissioners or Directors of a joint district

• Levy fees, amend fees, repeal fees

Script 2.31

Module 3Module 3

Solid Waste Plan DevelopmentSolid Waste Plan Development

State Solid Waste Management Plan

• 1989, 1995, 2001, 2009 Editions

• Sets goals on waste reduction, recycling, waste minimization and education/awareness

• Restrict waste from disposal in landfills

• Siting criteria for solid waste facilities

• Ash management for incinerators

• Strategies for managing special wastes, including scrap tires, household hazardous waste and lead acid batteries

• Strategies for market development for recycled materials

Script 3.1

Solid Waste Management Plan Goals• Goal 1: Infrastructure - ensure that there is adequate infrastructure to

give residents and commercial businesses opportunities to recycle solid waste.

• Goal 2: Waste Reduction and Recycling Rates - reduce and recycle at

least 25 percent of the solid waste generated by the residential/commercial sector and at least 66 percent of the solid waste generated by the industrial sector.

• Goal 3: Outreach and Education – Minimum Required Programs - provide the following required programs: A web site; A comprehensive resource guide; An inventory of available infrastructure; and A speaker or presenter.

• Goal 4: Outreach and Education – Outreach Plan and General

Requirements - provide education, outreach, marketing, and technical assistance regarding reduction, recycling, composting, reuse, and other alternative waste management methods to identified target audiences using best practices.

Script 3.2

Solid Waste Management Plan Goals

• Goal 5: Restricted Solid Wastes, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), and Electronics - provide strategies for managing scrap tires, yard waste, lead-acid batteries, household hazardous waste, and obsolete/end-of-life electronic devices.

• Goal 6: Economic Incentives - explore how to incorporate economic incentives into source reduction and recycling programs.

• Goal 7: Measure Greenhouse Gas Reduction - use U.S. EPA’s Waste

Reduction Model (WARM) (or an equivalent model) to evaluate the impact of recycling programs on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Goal 8 (optional): Market Development - option of providing programs to

develop markets for recyclable materials and the use of recycled-content materials.

• Goal 9: Reporting report annually to Ohio EPA regarding implementation of the SWMD’s solid waste management plan.

Script 3.2

District Solid Waste Management Plans

• Districts prepare plans to meet State Plan Goals

• Plans are prepared by Policy Committee or Board of Trustees

• Planning Period (Timeline) must be for a period of 10 or 15 years

• Plans must be updated every 3-5 years

• Ohio EPA approves each plan after public review and ratification

Script 3.3

• Explanation/Purpose of HB 592

• Description of Solid Waste Management District

• Basic Contents of Plan

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection I – Introduction

Script 3.4

• Political Jurisdictions

• Residential Characteristics

• Commercial Characteristics

• Industrial Characteristics

• Other Characteristics

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection II – District Profile

Script 3.5

• Waste Generation Analysis (Types of Wastes)

• Waste Generation Projections (Quantities)

District Solid Waste Management Plan Section III – Waste Generation

Script 3.6

• Existing Solid Waste Landfills

• Existing Transfer Facilities

• Regional Capacity Analysis and Demonstration of Capacity

• Siting Strategy for Facilities

• Contingencies for Capacity Assurance

• Flow Control

• Additional Facility Information Affecting Capacity

District Solid Waste Management Plan Section IV – Landfill & Other Disposal

Methods

Script 3.7

• Overview of existing reduction and recycling activities

• Reference Year Waste Reduction

• Analysis of Program Needs

• Program Descriptions

• Analysis of Recycling/Composting/HHW Facilities Needs

• Schedule for Facilities and Programs: New, Expansions, Closures and Continuations

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection V – Waste Reduction &

Recycling Programs

Script 3.8

• Costs of Plan Implementation

• Funding Mechanisms and Projected Revenues

• Funding Allocations

• Summary of Costs and Revenues

District Solid Waste Management Plan Section VI – Costs & Financing

Script 3.9

10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees

1. Preparing the solid waste plan, monitoring implementation and conducting periodic review and amendment of the plan

2. Implementing the approved plan

3. Financial assistance to boards of health within the district for enforcement of solid waste rules, orders, permits, terms and conditions of permits and licenses for solid waste facilities located within the district

4. Financial assistance to each county in the district for maintaining roads and other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of solid waste facilities

5. Paying boards of health for costs incurred for collecting and analyzing samples from public or private water wells adjacent to the solid waste facility

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection VI – Financial Information

Script 3.10-A

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection VI – Financial Information

10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees (continued) 6. Out-of-state waste inspection program

7. Funding to boards of health or other law enforcement agencies for anti- littering laws and ordinances

8. Funding to boards of health to pay for training or certification programs as required by rules adopted under 3734.02 (L)

9. Funding to municipal corporations or townships maintaining roads and other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of a composting, energy or resource recovery, incineration, or recycling

facility that is owned by the district or the facility is furnishing services to the district pursuant to a contract or agreement

10. Paying expenses agreed to or awarded to communities that are affected by the siting of a publicly owned landfill or modification to the facility

Script 3.10-B

• Authority for Adoption of Rules

• Existing Rules

• Proposed Rules

District Solid Waste Management PlanSection VII – District Rules

Script 3.11

District Solid Waste Management Plan Approval Process

• The district prepares a draft plan and submits it to Ohio EPA for review

• District receives Ohio EPA’s non-binding advisory opinion on the draft plan

• District revises the plan, as appropriate, based on Ohio EPA’s comments

• A 30 day public comment period follows during which a public hearing is held

• The plan is revised as appropriate

Script 3.12

District Solid Waste Management Plan Ratification Process

• The plan is adopted by the District Policy Committee or Board of Trustees

• The plan is sent to the District’s counties, cities and townships for review and approval

• The largest municipality and the county commissioners in each county must approve the plan

• City and Village councils and township trustees representing at least 60 percent of the districts population must approve the plan

• If District generation fees are over $5.00/ton then 75 percent of the District’s population must approve the plan

Script 3.13

District Solid Waste Management Plan Ratification Process

• Once the plan is approved by the communities, it is declared to be ratified by the District Policy Committee or Board of Trustees

• The plan is then submitted to Ohio EPA for review and the Ohio EPA director approves or disapproves within 90 days

• If the plan is disapproved by Ohio EPA, the District has 90 days to revise, re-ratify and resubmit the plan. The District may request a 60 day extension

Script 3.14

District Solid Waste Management Plan Ratification Process

If the district plan has not been approved within 18 months of the draft plan due date, the director shall:

• Prepare a plan for the District

• Order the District to implement the plan

• Ohio EPA can recover certain costs for plan preparation

Script 3.15

Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared Plan

• Initiate plan development process

• Meet with District Board, Policy Committee, and staff to outline plan development process

• Request for District information that includes:

• Baseline waste generation and recycling data

• Survey data of industries, haulers and recyclers

• Master copy of District plan

Script 3.16

Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared Plan

• Additional data collection as necessary

• Data collection sometimes contracted to consultant

• New program development as necessary

• Meetings with District staff, local governments, etc.

• Ohio EPA specifies programs that must be implemented but does not specify funding mechanisms

Script 3.17

Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared Plan

• Establish 30-day public comment period

• Hold a public hearing to present the plan and obtain public comment

• Revise the plan based upon public comment

• Issue Directors Findings & Orders ordering District implementation of the plan

• The district implements the plan as ordered and Ohio EPA monitors plan implementation with enforcement oversight

• Quarterly submission of proposed budgets to Ohio EPA for approval while under Ohio EPA plan

• The District may submit a plan for approval at the three year update

Script 3.18

Ongoing Plan Implementation and Monitoring

• The Policy Committee reports annually to the Board of County Commissioners or Directors

• District reports annually to Ohio EPA

Script 3.19

Module 4Module 4

Solid Waste District Fees and FinancingSolid Waste District Fees and Financing

Fees and Financing

• Two primary forms of District fees:

• Disposal fee (ORC 3734.57(B))

• Generation fee (ORC 3734.573)

• Other funding mechanisms:

• Rates and charges

• Facility tipping fees

• Joint use agreements

• Contracted collection of fees

• County contributions through general fund

Script 4.1

Fees and Financing

• Other forms of miscellaneous revenue:

• Grants

• Interest income

• Donations

• User fees for programs

• Reimbursements

• Recycling revenue

• Fee penalty

Script 4.2

Disposal Fees

• Disposal fees, sometime called tier fees, are levied on solid waste delivered to in-district facilities from any point of generation from within the District, outside the District and outside the State of Ohio

• Fees are not levied at registered or licensed compost facilities or legitimate recycling facilities

• Disposal fees are set by the Policy Committee

Script 4.3

Disposal Fees

• Current disposal fee tiers as follows:

• Minimum fee of $1.00/ton for in-district solid waste

• Minimum fee of $2.00/ton for out-of-district solid waste

• Minimum fee of $1.00/ton for out-of-state solid waste

• In-district fee can not exceed $2.00/ton

• Out-of-district fee can not exceed $4.00/ton

• Out-of-state fee shall not be more than the in-district fee

Script 4.4

Generation Fees

• Generation fees are levied only on solid waste that is generated from within the District

• Collected at 1st Ohio facility waste is received (transfer facility, landfill, mixed waste processing facility, incinerator)

• Fees are not levied at registered or licensed compost facilities or legitimate recycling facilities

• Generation fees are set by the Policy Committee with no minimum or maximum amount per ton

• District generation fees range from $0.50 to $10.00/ton

Script 4.5

Fee Approval Process

• Disposal and generation fees can be created, abolished or revised either as part of a solid waste management plan or separately

• If done outside of a solid waste plan, disposal and generation fees can be created, abolished or revised per the following process:

• Adoption of a resolution by the policy committee to create, abolish or amend fees

• Conduct a 30 Day public comment period

• Conduct a public hearing

• Revise fees based on public comment

• Approval/disapproval by board(s) of county commissioners and legislative authorities within the District over a 60 day period

Script 4.6

Fee Approval Process• Disposal and generation fees can also be created,

abolished or revised during a plan ratification process but must include the following added tasks:

• The Policy Committee must include the proposed fee schedule in all public notices issued for the plan

• Approval/disapproval by board(s) of county commissioners and legislative authorities within the

District over a 90 day period

• Fees must generally be approved by each county, the largest municipality, and political jurisdictions representing 60% of the population

• For generation fees above $5.00, ratification from political subdivisions representing 75% of the

District will be required

Script 4.7

Fee Approval Process

• There is a 14 Day notification required to all solid waste facilities when fees are created, changed or abolished either as a separate process or through a solid waste plan update

• Collection of new or amended fees is to begin on the first day of the second month following the month in which notification is sent to the owners or operators of the facilities

Script 4.8

Other Funding Mechanisms

• Property tax rates and charges can be assessed for services provided by the District such as a curbside recycling program. The following procedure must be followed:

• The Board adopts a resolution to create the rates and charges

• Public notice for three consecutive weeks prior to hearing

• Conduct three public hearings

Script 4.9

Other Funding Mechanisms

• Tipping fees at transfer facilities, landfills, mixed waste processing facilities, incinerators, composting facilities or recycling facilities can also be used to fund District activities

• Joint use agreements are a mechanism to share facilities between 2 Districts by reducing the out-of-district disposal fee by half for the importing District

Script 4.10

Other Funding Mechanisms

• Contracts can be used in the collection of disposal and/or generation fees to provide funding for a District

• A contract is agreed upon by the District and a facility

• A fee is paid to the District for each ton of solid waste accepted by the facility

• County contributions from the general fund

• Establish a fee of up to $0.50 per ton to preparing the Solid Waste Management Plan

Script 4.11

10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees

1. Preparing the solid waste plan, monitoring implementation and conducting periodic review and amendment of the plan

2. Implementing the approved plan

3. Financial assistance to boards of health within the district for enforcement of solid waste rules, orders, permits, terms and conditions of permits and licenses for solid waste facilities located within the district

4. Financial assistance to each county in the district for maintaining roads and other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of solid waste facilities

5. Paying boards of health for costs incurred for collecting and analyzing samples from public or private water wells adjacent to the solid waste facility

Script 4.12

10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees

6. Out-of-state waste inspection program

7. Funding to boards of health or other law enforcement agencies for anti-littering laws and ordinances

8. Funding to boards of health to pay for training or certification programs as required by rules adopted under 3734.02 (L)

9. Funding to municipal corporations or townships maintaining roads and other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of a composting, energy or resource recovery, incineration, or recycling facility that is owned by the district or the facility is furnishing services to the district pursuant to a contract or agreement

10. Paying of expenses agreed to or awarded to communities that are affected by the siting of a publicly owned landfill or modification to the facility

Script 4.13

Module 5Module 5

Solid Waste Solid Waste CollectionCollection && FacilitiesFacilities

Solid Waste Facilities

Generators, Haulers, Transfer Stations, Incinerators, Captive Landfills, MSW Landfills, CDD Landfills

Script 5.1

Solid Waste Generator

CDD Landfill

Transfer Station

MSW Landfill

Captive Landfill

Incinerator

Hauler

Disposal Facilities

• Landfills

Script 5.2

Landfills in Ohio

Script 5.3

Disposal Facilities

• Transfer Stations

Script 5.4

Transfer Stations in Ohio

Script 5.5

Recycling Facilities

• Generators, Haulers, Brokers, Recycling Facilities, Compost Facilities, Processors, End Users

Script 5.6

Solid Waste Generator

Scrap Yard

Recycling Markets

End Use Facility

Material Recover Facility

CompostFood

Organics Facility

Buy Back

and Drop Off

Hauler/Broker

Processor

Scrap Tire

Recycler

CDD Recycler

Recycling Facilities

• Buy Back Centers

Script 5.7

Recycling Facilities

• Drop-Off Centers

Script 5.8

Compost & Yard Waste Facilities in Ohio

Script 5.9

Food Waste Compost Facilities in Ohio

Script 5.10

Material Recovery Facilities

• Clean MRF

Script 5.11

Material Recovery Facilities

• Dirty MRF

Script 5.12

Recycling Facilities

• Scrap Yards

Script 5.13

Recycling Facilities

• Scrap Tires

Script 5.14

Recycling Facilities

• Construction Debris

Script 5.15

Emerging Alternative Technologies

• Waste to Energy, Cement Kilns, Power Plants, Industrial Boilers

Script 5.16

Solid Waste Generator

Land DevForestry

Waste To Energy

Material Recover Facility

CompostFood

Organics Facility

Sewage Plants - Digester

Hauler/Broker

Scrap Tire

Recycler

CDD Recycler

Cement Kilns

Power Plants

Industrial Boilers

Solid Waste Collection and Processing

Script 5.17

There are 3 main types of collection systems for trash and recyclables currently being practiced:

• Automated Collection• Semi-Automated Collection• Manual Collection

There are 3 main types of processing systems for recyclables currently being practiced:

• Single Stream Recycling• Dual Stream Recycling• Multi-Stream Recycling

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Front Load Packer Automated

• 1 operator• High compaction• Multi-use (R, C, I)• Fully automated

• High expense• High maintenance• Height clearance• Maneuverability

Solid Waste Collection Equipment

Script 5.18

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Rear Load PackerManual and

Semi-Automated

• Least expensive• High compaction• Low maintenance• Allows 2 side collection• Adapts to dumpsters• Very maneuverable

• Requires 1-3 operators• No automated

functionality• Exposed waste

Solid Waste Collection Equipment

Script 5.19

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Side Load Packer

Manual, Automated,

Semi-Automated

• 1 -2 operators• Manual to Automated• Efficient R collection• Reduced workers comp

claims

• Low compaction• Expensive• High maintenance• 1 side collection• Limited use (R)

Solid Waste Collection – Equipment

Script 5.20

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Roll-Off TruckSemi-

Automated

• 1 operator• Medium expense• Heavy loads• Low maintenance• Variety of container loads

(10-50 cy yards)

• No automated functionality

• Exposed waste• No compaction• Limited use (C, I)• Limited pick-ups

Solid Waste Collection Equipment

Script 5.21

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Hook-Lift Truck Automated

• 1 operator• Low expensive• Low maintenance• Adapts to variety of

systems

• Limited use (C, I)• Exposed waste• No compaction• Low capacity

Solid Waste Collection Equipment

Script 5.22

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Transfer Trailer n/a

• Least expensive• High capacity (20 tons)• Low maintenance• Self unloading capable• Long haul availability

• Exposed waste• No compaction• Limited use

Solid Waste Transportation Equipment

Script 5.23

Truck TypeCollection

TypePros Cons

Rail n/a

• High capacity• Low maintenance• Long haul availability• Cost effective long haul

• Expensive• Exposed waste• No compaction• Limited use

Solid Waste Transportation Equipment

Script 5.24

Residential Trash System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Curbside Manual Can, Bags, CartsRear/Side Load

Packer2

Residential Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.25

Residential Trash System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Side Door Manual Can, Bags, Carts Rear Load Packer 2

Residential Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.26

Residential Trash System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

CurbsideSemi-

AutomatedWheeled Cart

Rear or Side Load Packer

2

Residential Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.27

Residential Trash System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Curbside Automated Wheeled Cart Side Load Packer 1

Residential Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.28

Commercial/ Industrial Trash

System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Backdoor Automated Dumpster Front Load Packer 1

Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.29

Industrial Trash System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

DockSemi-

AutomatedRoll-Off Roll-Off Truck 1

Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste Collection

Script 5.30

Residential Recycling System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Curbside – Multi or Dual Stream

Manual Bags, BinsRear/Side Load

Packer1-2

Residential Recycle Collection

Script 5.31

Residential Recycling System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Curbside - Single Stream

Manual Bins and BagsRear/Side Load

Packer1-2

Residential Recycle Collection

Script 5.32

Residential Recycling System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

Curbside - Single Stream

Semi-Automated

Wheeled CartsSide Load or

Rear Load Packer2

Residential Recycle Collection

Script 5.33

Recycling SystemCollection

TypeContainer Truck

Collection Crew/Route

Curbside - Single Stream

Automated Wheeled Carts Side Load Packer 1

Residential Recycle Collection

Script 5.34

Recycling SystemCollection

TypeContainer Truck

Collection Crew/Route

Drop-Off - Single or Multi-Stream

AutomatedDumpsters/Roll-Off

BoxesFront Load Packer or

Roll-Off Truck1

Residential/Commercial/Industrial Recycle Collection

Script 5.35

Industrial Trash and Recycle System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

DockSemi-

AutomatedCompactor Roll-Off Truck 1

Commercial/Industrial Recycle Collection

Script 5.36

Industrial Recycle System

CollectionType

Container TruckCollection

Crew/Route

DockSemi-

AutomatedRoll-Off Roll-Off Truck 1

Commercial/Industrial Recycle Collection

Script 5.37

Economic Incentives to Promote Waste Reduction/Recycling

• Volume Based Collection Programs

• Weight Based Incentive Programs

Script 5.38

Module 6Module 6

Solid Waste Professional Associations Solid Waste Professional Associations & Professional Meetings& Professional Meetings

Solid Waste Professional Associations & Professional Meetings

There are numerous opportunities for public and private sector solid waste management professionals in Ohio to network and obtain training and professional education on solid waste management issues.

• County Commissioners Association (CCAO)

• Organization of Solid Waste Districts of Ohio (OSWDO)

• Association of Ohio Recyclers

• Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA Buckeye Chapter)

• Organics Recycling Association of Ohio (ORAO)

• Ohio Association of Litter Prevention and Recycling Professionals (OARPRP)

• Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA)

• Ohio Department of Natural Resources (Ohio DNR)

Script 6.1

County Commissioner Association of Ohio

(CCAO)

• Founded 1880

• Website address - www.ccao.org

• Provides legislative representation

• Technical Assistance/Resources – County Commissioners Handbook

• Provides educational opportunities

• Membership includes: county commissioners, county department heads as affiliates, individuals, businesses, or corporations interested in county government

Script 6.2

• Publications• Seminars/Workshops/Special Events• Library/Publications• Data/Statistics• State & Federal Legislation• Membership Benefit Services such as

property, liability and health insurance & others

Script 6.3

Organization of Solid Waste Districts of Ohio

(OSWDO)

• Web site – www.oswdo.org

• Organizational Affiliate with CCAO

• Networking organization for solid waste directors and coordinators

• Opportunity to exchange ideas on best practices for solid waste management and recycling

• Membership: Solid Waste Management Districts

Script 6.4

Association of Ohio Recyclers

• Founded 1989

• Web site – www.aor-omex.com

• Promotes waste reduction, reuse and recycling

• Membership Includes: individuals, businesses, organizations and government agencies

Script 6.5

Organics Recycling Association of Ohio (ORAO)

• Web site – www.ohiocompost.org• Promotes composting, anaerobic digestion and by-product

utilization for the organics processing and management industry in Ohio

• Conferences and educational workshops• Training on new technology and operation of organic

management facilities in conjunction with The Ohio State University – Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center

• Membership Includes: Individuals, businesses, organizations and government agencies

Script 6.6

Solid Waste Association of North America – Buckeye Chapter

(SWANA)

• Founded 1985• Web site – www.swanaohio.org• Provides training certification and technical education for solid

waste professionals • Annual Ohio Conference and biennial Tri-State Conference with

other mid-western states • Local, Regional & National Conferences/Workshops/Seminars

on current solid waste topics, services or systems• Opportunities to showcase and exhibit new services, technology

and equipment• Membership Includes: Individuals, students, businesses,

corporations and government agencies that buy, sell, operate and/or manage solid waste management facilities, services or equipment

Script 6. 7

Ohio Association of Litter Prevention & Recycling

Professionals(OALPRP)

• Founded 1988

• Web site – www.oalprp.org

• Provides training and networking for litter prevention and recycling professionals

• Summer and Winter Workshops/Seminars on current litter prevention and recycling topics

• Membership Includes: Individuals, firm, agency or organization that supports the mission of OALPRP

Script 6.8

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

(Division of Solid & Infectious Waste Management)

Script 6.9

• Founded 1972

• Web site – www.epa.state.oh.us

• Agency responsible for solid waste regulations, enforcement and solid waste management plan approval

• Prepares Ohio State Solid Waste Management Plan working in conjunction with the State Solid Waste Advisory Council

• Provides education and information outreach through quarterly solid waste district workgroup meetings for solid waste districts, consultants and interested parties

• Solid waste clearinghouse website provides information on solid waste management planning – http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsiwm/pages/swmdc.aspx

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

(Division of Recycling & Litter

Prevention)

• Founded 1972

• Web site – www.dnr.state.oh.us

• Agency responsible for developing statewide grants and education for recycling and litter prevention programs

• Responsible for overseeing grant administration for both market development and litter prevention programs

Script 6.10

Module 7 Module 7

Planning for the FuturePlanning for the Future

Planning for the Future

• Solid waste management has changed dramatically during the last 20 years

• The question is: What will the next 20 years bring?

• There are many possibilities for plans, projects, operations and facilities that may become commonplace in the next twenty years

Script 7.1

New and Emerging Technologies

• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste

• Waste-to-Energy – of specific waste streams

• Alternative landfill management systems (e.g., bioreactor)

• Landfill gas to energy

• New environmental protection technologies (e.g., Geo-synthetic Liner Systems)

• Mining of existing landfills

• New methods for recycling materials such as carpeting, pharmaceuticals, and construction & demolition debris

Script 7.2

Waste Stream Priorities

• Organic material (food waste) curbside recycling may become commonplace

• Separation of wood and other fuel materials for waste-to-energy projects

• Biomass feedstocks from agricultural facilities

• Animal waste from agra-business

Script 7.3

Sustainability and Product Stewardship

• Organic waste materials are processed to produce methane as a renewable energy resource

• Solid waste is sorted to provide fuels for waste-to-energy facilities

• Economic incentives cause manufacturers to complete life-cycle analysis with the objective of reducing packaging and increasing the recyclability of all products

Script 7.4

Green Energy from Waste

• Organic material (food waste) digestion produces green energy for the electric grid

• Bio-mass feedstocks produce bio-fuels

• Landfill gas is used to power collection fleets, energy for buildings and equipment

Script 7.5

Economic Incentives & Generator Behavior Changes

• Organic material (food waste) curbside recycling becomes commonplace

• Automation collection becomes the norm throughout Ohio

• Volume based systems and charges based on the amount of disposal become the predominant method of waste collection

• Solid waste collection fleets are converted to alternative fuels

Script 7.6

Increase Waste Diversion Goals & Incentives

• New types of wastes fall under Solid Waste District jurisdiction, C&D, foundry sand and slag

• More joint ventures to build facilities to meet the needs of more than one district (Wasteshed Cooperation)

• More public/private partnerships to invest in infrastructure to meet new goals and objectives

• A higher % recycling goal for all solid waste sectors and materials

Script 7.7

References and ResourcesReferences and Resources

References-District Websites

• Adams Clermont Joint District – www.oeq.net• Allen, Champaign, Hardin Madison, Shelby Union Joint District –

www.ncowaste.org• Ashland County SWD – www.ashlandcounty.org/recycling• Ashtabula County SWD – www.recycling.co.ashtabula.oh.us• Athens Hocking – www.home.frognet.net/~recycle• Auglaize SWD – www.auglaizecounty.org/solid_waste• Belmont-Jefferson Joint District - www.regionalsolidwaste.org• Brown County SWD – None• Butler County SWD – www.butlercountyrecycles.org• Carroll Columbiana Harrison Joint District –

www.recyclingmakessense.org• Clark SWD – www.32trash.org• Clinton SWD – www.co.clinton.oh.us/solidwasterecycling• Coshocton Fairfield Licking Perry Joint District – www.cflpswd.org• Crawford SWD - www.crawford-co.org

References-District Websites

• Cuyahoga SWD - www.cuyahogaswd.org• Darke County SWD – www.co.darke.oh.us/solidwaste• Defiance Fulton Paulding Williams Joint SWD – www.4cswd.com• Delaware Knox Marion Morrow Joint SWD –• Erie County SWD – www.eriecountyrecycles.org• Fayette Highland Pickaway Ross Joint SWD –

www.rphfsolidwastedistrict.com• Gallia Jackson Meigs Vinton Joint SWD – • Geauga Trumbull Joint SWD – www.startrecycling.com• Greene County SWD – www.co.greene.oh.us/saneng/EnvServ• Guernsey Monroe Morgan Muskingum Noble Washington Joint SWD –

www.wasteabate.org • Hamilton County SWD – www.hamiltoncountyrecycles.org• Hancock County SWD – www.hancockenvironment.com

References-District Websites

• Henry County SWD – None• Holmes County SWD – None• Huron County SWD – None• Lake County SWD – www.lakecountyohio.gov• Lawrence Scioto Joint SWD – www.lsswmd.org• Logan County SWD – www.logancountyrecycles.com• Lorain County SWD – www.loraincounty.us/solidwaste• Lucas County SWD – www.co.lucas.oh.us/index.asp?nid=749• Mahoning County SWD – www.greenteam.cc• Medina County SWD – www.sanitaryengineer.co.medina• Mercer County SWD – None• Miami County SWD – www.co.miamised.com• Montgomery County SWD – www.mcswd.org• Ottawa Sandusky Seneca Joint SWD – www.recycleoss.org• Pike County SWD – None

References-District Websites

• Portage County SWD – www.portagerecycles.com• Preble County SWD – www.preblecountyrecycles.com• Putnam County SWD – None• Richland County SWD – www.richlandrecycles.com• Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio – www.swaco.org• Stark Tuscarawas Wayne Joint SWD – www.timetorecycle.org• Summit – Akron Solid Waste Management Authority – www.sawsma.org• Van Wert County SWD – www.recyclevw.org• Warren County SWD – www.co.warren.oh.us/solidwaste• Wood County SWD – www.wcswmd@wcnet.org• Wyandot County SWD – www.wyandotrecycles.org

Solid Waste Resources

Ohio EPA’s Solid Waste Clearinghouse – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dsiwm/pages/swmdc.aspx

Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/2001_state_plan.pdf

Solid Waste Management Plan Format Book, Version 3.0 – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/guidance/gd_198.pdf

State Plan Executive Summary – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/2001_state_plan.pdf

County Commissioners’ Handbook Chapter 32 – http://www.ccao.org/LinkClick.aspx?link=MJ+Handbook%2Fhdbkchap032-2008.pdf&tabid=349&mid=960&language=en-US

Ohio Revised Code – http://codes.ohio.gov/orcOhio Administrative Code – http://codes.ohio.gov/oacOhio EPA Website – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/home.aspxLink to Map of Districts –

http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/swmd_map.pdf

Solid Waste Resources

See United Haulers Association v. Oneida Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, April 30, 2007.

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=000&invol=05-1345

http://origin.www.supremecourtus.gov/qp/05-01345qp.pdfC&A Carbone Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York, May 16, 1994. http://supreme.justia.com/us/511/383/case.html

Solid Waste Organizations

County Commissioners’ Association of Ohio (CCAO) – www.ccao.orgOrganization of Solid Waste Districts of Ohio (OSWDO) –

www.oswdo.orgAssociation of Ohio Recyclers (AOR) – www.aor-omex.comOrganics Recycling Association of Ohio (ORAO) –

www.ohiocompost.orgSolid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) – Buckeye Chapter

–www.swanaohio.orgOhio Association of Litter Prevention & Recycling Professionals

(OALPRP) – www.oalprp.orgOhio Department of Natural Resources ODNR (Division of Recycling

and Litter Prevention) – www.dnr.state.oh.us