Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine

resources

Simone Libralato (slibralato@ogs.trieste.it)Istituto Nazionale di Oceanograf ia e di Geof isica Sperimentale

Second KOR-ITA Bilateral Symposium on “Sustainable f isheries”Villa Mondragone – “Tor Vergata” University of Rome

14th December 2018, Rome, Italy

Trieste

5

State of f ished stocks in the Med

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Impacts of f isheries on stocks

Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. In press

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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State of f ished stocks in the Med

STECF (EU Scientif ic, Technical and Economic Commission for the f isheries)FAO-GFCM (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Sea)• 64 assessed populations in the Mediterranean Sea• 61 populations or stocks overexploited (>95%)(Graham, EU-STECF; February 2016; )

GFCM-FAO (2016) The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries.

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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State of f ished stocks in the Med

GFCM-FAO (2016) The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries.

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Impacts of f isheries on ecosystemsp y

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. In press

Impacts of f isheries on ecosystems?

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Cumulative human impacts on Mediterranean ecosystem

The Mediterranean: an oligotrophic sea

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Circulation drives patterns and connectivity

2001

-201

020

41-2

050

0cean acidif ication

Need for integrated approaches

Mediterranean f isheries resources are giving worrying signals of overexploitation

The Mediterranean Sea is characterized by multi-target and multi-gear f isheries, widespread small scale f isheries, no quotas (TAC). These features are combined with its high biodiversity and heterogeneity (geographical, ecological and political) Required ALSO approaches that go beyond the single species, beyond boundaries.Need to provide management advice on the direct and indirect impact of f isheries on the marine ecosystem within an ecosystem shared approach: complement single species with multispecies advice (the management of one component of the ecosystem will depend on that of other components).

g p y pS. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Ecosystem modelling for integrating processes

Libralato, Fortibuoni, Solidoro - Food web of plastics: moving towards inclusion of plastics in ecosystem modelling

Ecosystem m

EwE modelling framework

S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystemsS. Libralato – Impacts of f iiiiiiisssssssherrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrriieeeeeeeeeeessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss oooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn MMMMMMMeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddditerranean stooccccccccccccccckkkkkkkkkkksssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddd eeeeeeeeeeccccccccccccccccoooooooooooooooossssssssssssssssyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyssstems

Ecopath with Ecosim database - 440 models, 173 for download

Invasive species: a key challengeInvasive species: a key challenge

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Invasive species in the Med

Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Invasive species in the Adriatic!!!

Malej et al (2017) Mnemiopsis leidyi in the northern Adriatic: here to stay? Journal of Sea research

Mnemiopsis leidyi has successfully made the transition from its native

spatial range along the Atlantic coast of North and South America to many

areas of the Eurasian seas.Famous example: introduced via

ballast waters in the Black Sea, with great bloom in 1989 (Turkish landings from 700 ktons to 150 ktons in 1989!!!)

In summer 2016 ans 2017 observed at several sites within the northern

Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea).

Potential predator of f ish eggs and larvae; problems for f isheries

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Invasion implies succesfull establishment

Combine thermic niche & trophic niche Tr

ophi

cop

portu

nity

(nic

he)

Thermal niche

For resident and potential

invasivespecies

Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

Trop

hic

leve

ls

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Modelling trophic and temperature niches

Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

Invasive resident

Autochthonous groups Invasive groupsBFT Bluefin TunaNFD Nekton Feeders NFI Nekton Feeders InvasiveCPH CephalopodsFFS FlatFishBFD Benthic Feeders BFI Benthic Feeders InvasivePLT Planktivores PLI Planktivores InvasiveJEL Jellyfish JEI Jellyfish InvasiveMOP Macrobenthic Predators MOI Macrobenthic Predators InvasiveMMF Macrob. Mixed-Feeders MMI Macrobenthic Mixed-Feeders InvasiveMFF Macrob. Filter-Feeders MFI Macrobenthic Filter-Feeders InvasivePEC PectinidaeVEN VeneridaeMZP Macrozooplankton MPI Macrozooplankton InvasiveMDT Macrobenthic Detritivores MDI Macrobenthic Detritivores InvasiveBPL BacterioplanktonMHR Macrobenthic Herbivores MHI Macrobenthic Herbivores InvasiveMEI MeiobenthosMIZ MicrozooplanktonPHP Phytoplankton

Non-living groups FisheryCAR Carcass Tuna FishingDET Detritus Otter Trawl

RapidoTrawlMidwater Pair Trawl

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

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Temperature niche

Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

WhereT = Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Tmax = Maximum tolerated temperatureTopt = Optimum temperaturec = Temperature inf luence intensity

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Residents Invasive

Rel

ativ

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ofbi

omas

ses

Temperature increase of 1°C in 10 years, results taken at 30 years. Results show that success of invasion depends not only on thermal preference but also on complex prey-predatory opportunities (trophic niche)

Invasion: changes in ecosystem biomasses

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Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Rel

ativ

ech

ange

ofca

tche

s

Temperature increase of 1°C in 10 years, results taken at 30 years. Results show that success of invasion depends not only on thermal preference but also on complex prey-predatory opportunities (trophic niche)

Effects on f isheries

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Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

S. Libralato – Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine resources

Effects temperature, production & f isheries Effects temperature, production & f isheries

26S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems

Libralato Caccin Pranovi (2015) Modeling species invasions using thermal and trophic niche dynamics under climate change. Front. Mar.Sci.2:29.

Fishing BAU

Fishing only residents

-20% Fishingeffort

NoFishing

Integrating processes and impacts

Climate and f isheries

Adriatic Sea

81 scenarios

Integrating processes and impacts: f ishing and climate scenarios

Climate and f isheries effects: synergies and antagonisms

Adriatic Sea

S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea

Some messages

Ecosystem-based approaches for evaluating impacts of multiple stressors on marine

resources

Simone Libralato (slibralato@ogs.trieste.it)Istituto Nazionale di Oceanograf ia e di Geof isica Sperimentale

Second KOR-ITA Bilateral Symposium on “Sustainable f isheries”Villa Mondragone – “Tor Vergata” University of Rome

14th December 2018, Rome, Italy

34

State of f ished stocks in the Med

S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems

Fortibuoni et al. (2017) Analysis of Long-Term Changes in a Mediterranean Marine Ecosystem Based on Fishery Landings. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:33.

Multi-target, multi-gear f isheries

Common Fishery Policy regulation also created for reducing the bycatch and the discards of European f isheries

Need for tools for evaluating ecological, economic consequences and possible strategies

S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea

Multi-target, multi-gear f isheries

S. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea

Management strategy evaluationec

onom

yA) introduction of quotas for small pelagic f ish;B) halving the f ishing effort of otter trawl f isheries; C) improving selectivity of trawling f isheries ; D) application of both quotas for small pelagic f ish and

improving selectivity for trawling f isheries.

environmentS. Libralato – Integrated approaches for the sustainability of f isheries in the Mediterranean sea

38S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems

Global state of Fisheries

A clear stagnant/declining situation for f isheries sector is hampering optimism on Sustainable Blue Growth for this sector: a clear overexploited patter is claimed.

But is there any Scope for Growth?

Is it aquaculture independent from f isheries?Pauly, Kleisner Froese et al (2002; 2013;

2014)

FAO 2014. The state of the World f isheries and Aquaculture. FAO, Rome, 243 pp

Targets of f isheries in a multitarget/multispecies context

Ecosystem approach to multitarget f isheries

Ecosystem approach to multitarget f isheriesTyrrheninan Sea

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Ecosystem responses to f isheries targets by species

Optimizing catches for assessed species under EA

45S. Libralato – Impacts of f isheries on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems

Colloca, Scarcella, Libralato (2017) Recent trends and impacts of f isheries exploitation on Mediterranean stocks and ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci.

Fisheries landings trends in the Med