Post on 01-Jan-2016
TEXTILES IN DEFENCETEXTILES IN DEFENCE
Protective clothingProtective clothing
TEXTILE IN DEFENCETEXTILE IN DEFENCE
Defense forces Defense forces eithereither at land sea at land sea or air are reliant on technical textilesor air are reliant on technical textiles
Textiles have to meat the following Textiles have to meat the following requirements for requirements for military applicationsmilitary applications
I.I. Physical requirementsPhysical requirementsII.II. Environmental requirementsEnvironmental requirementsIII.III. Camouflage requirementsCamouflage requirementsIV.IV. Flame heat and flash protectionFlame heat and flash protectionV.V. Specific battle field hazardsSpecific battle field hazards
Textile in defenseTextile in defense
Physical requirements for military textiles
Textile in defenceTextile in defence
Specific battlefield hazards
PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Protective clothing provide protection Protective clothing provide protection against against
Dangerous material and process of their Dangerous material and process of their workwork
Work place or environment from the Work place or environment from the peoplepeople
People from the peoplePeople from the people Protects the productsProtects the products
PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHINGFunction of protective clothingFunction of protective clothing
Cut and abrasion Cut and abrasion Ballistic and impact resistanceBallistic and impact resistance Fire and extreme heatFire and extreme heat Gas and chemicalsGas and chemicals Nuclear and biological materials (not against Nuclear and biological materials (not against
nuclear beams)nuclear beams) Extreme cold Extreme cold Static electricityStatic electricity Foul weather and high visibilityFoul weather and high visibility
PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHING
MaterialsMaterials
Fibres through yarn, woven, Fibres through yarn, woven, knitted and nonwoven fabricsknitted and nonwoven fabrics
Specialized coatings and Specialized coatings and membranesmembranes
PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGPROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Combined protection and Combined protection and physiological physiological functionsfunctions
Stylish aspects of clothingStylish aspects of clothing Ergonomics functions fit and Ergonomics functions fit and
comfort comfort etcetc Hold the body temperature at 37 Hold the body temperature at 37
C C
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Most of the causes of casualties in Most of the causes of casualties in a military conflict is not due to a military conflict is not due to bullets but the fragmentsbullets but the fragments
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Providing protection to a person is not a Providing protection to a person is not a problem but the problem is related to the problem but the problem is related to the weight, bulk, rigidity and thermo weight, bulk, rigidity and thermo physiological discomfortphysiological discomfort
Textiles are a good candidate for providing Textiles are a good candidate for providing protection because of their low density and protection because of their low density and comfortcomfort
Textile armor could provide Textile armor could provide protection protection against low velocity bullets against low velocity bullets and fragments and fragments but not high but not high velocity bullets velocity bullets (5.62, 7.62 and (5.62, 7.62 and 12.7mm calibre) and sharp objects12.7mm calibre) and sharp objects
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Reduction in casualties by wearing a body armor Troops standing in open threatened by mortar bomb
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Body armor weighing about 4kg
Explosive ordnance disposable clothing weighing
more than 15kg
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
BallisticsBallistics
Science of projectile movementScience of projectile movement Projectile speeds up with explosion or Projectile speeds up with explosion or
reactionreaction Gravity and friction affect projectile path Gravity and friction affect projectile path Soft and hard ballistics Soft and hard ballistics
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
SOFT PROTECTIONSOFT PROTECTION Bullet proof vestsBullet proof vests Fragment proof vestsFragment proof vests Anti blow vestsAnti blow vests Car armorCar armor
HARD PROTECTIONHARD PROTECTION Bullet and fragment proof helmetsBullet and fragment proof helmets Bullet proof sheetsBullet proof sheets Puncture protectionPuncture protection
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
HISTORYHISTORY Iron shirts used in middle agesIron shirts used in middle ages
Total weight with the armor 35 kgTotal weight with the armor 35 kg
Steel helmets used in world wars Steel helmets used in world wars increased the survival chancesincreased the survival chances
Natural fibres used in these time but now Natural fibres used in these time but now the market is concurred by man made fibresthe market is concurred by man made fibres
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Mechanism of protective clothingMechanism of protective clothingChange of kinetic energy to deformation Change of kinetic energy to deformation and thermal energyand thermal energy
Material of projectileMaterial of projectile
Hard coreHard core Soft coreSoft core Soft core with leadSoft core with lead Soft core with lead and steel penetratorSoft core with lead and steel penetrator Round or flat nose projectilesRound or flat nose projectiles
play
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONVELOCITY AND ENERGY DEPENDS VELOCITY AND ENERGY DEPENDS
ONON
Power of explosionPower of explosion Length of the gunLength of the gun Projectile stabilityProjectile stability Distance and spinDistance and spin Angle between the gun and the vestAngle between the gun and the vest Where the bullet hits the vest (middle of the Where the bullet hits the vest (middle of the
vest or vest or edges)edges) Climatic conditions (temperature and Climatic conditions (temperature and
moisture)moisture)
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
HIGHER PERFORATING FORCEHIGHER PERFORATING FORCE Higher kinetic energy Higher kinetic energy Smaller cross sectionSmaller cross section Smaller pointSmaller point Firmer (solid) material of the bulletFirmer (solid) material of the bullet Faster it spinsFaster it spins Higher moistureHigher moisture
Protective clothingProtective clothing Change the kinetic energy to deformationChange the kinetic energy to deformation Counter the shock Counter the shock
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONHOW BALLISTIC VESTS WORKHOW BALLISTIC VESTS WORK
Bullet hits and penetrate through up to a or 5 Bullet hits and penetrate through up to a or 5 layerslayers
Friction between bullet and yarn decreases the Friction between bullet and yarn decreases the speedspeed
6 and 76 and 7thth layer yarn is pulled out layer yarn is pulled out
Wave spread out along with the fibres depends on Wave spread out along with the fibres depends on the the velocity of bulletsvelocity of bullets
Waves reflect from the edges of the vestWaves reflect from the edges of the vest
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
STANDARDSSTANDARDS
A.A. Protection class 1 hand gun (9mm soft core Protection class 1 hand gun (9mm soft core bullets)bullets)
B.B. Protection class 2 sub machine gun (9mm Protection class 2 sub machine gun (9mm soft soft core bullets) core bullets)
C.C. Protection class 3 Soft core long rifle Protection class 3 Soft core long rifle projectilesprojectiles
D.D. Protection class 4 Hard core long rifle Protection class 4 Hard core long rifle projectilesprojectiles
E.E. Protection class ST bullets projectiles and Protection class ST bullets projectiles and knivesknives
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
TRAUMA EFFECTTRAUMA EFFECT
Stopping of bullets cause a bumpStopping of bullets cause a bump Depth of the bump is called trauma Depth of the bump is called trauma
effecteffect Abrasion of skin and bleedingAbrasion of skin and bleeding Broken bones and ribsBroken bones and ribs Contusion of lungsContusion of lungs Deeper than 40 mm causes injuryDeeper than 40 mm causes injury Heart failureHeart failure
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Textile materials for ballistic protectionTextile materials for ballistic protection
In order to arrest the flight of projectile in a In order to arrest the flight of projectile in a short distance the fibres must haveshort distance the fibres must have
a)a) High modulusHigh modulus
b)b) Very high tensile strengthVery high tensile strength
c)c) Low elasticityLow elasticity
BALLISTIC BODY PROTECTIONBALLISTIC BODY PROTECTION
Different materials for ballistic protection
COLD PROTECTIVE COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCLOTHING
COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
• For the temperature less than -5 0C
• Wind has an effect on the lowering of temperature
APPLICATION
• Cold stores and rooms• Very cold laboratories• Outdoor working in cold countries• Unheated ware houses in winter
COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
• Temperature of air
• Moisture in the air• Location• Wind velocity
COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
• Keep body temperature at 37 C by providing thermal insulation not allowing the heat to go out of the system
• Muscles can get flexed or tensed• Shivering effect
FUNCTIONS
• To insulate the body against low temperature• To allow diffusion of water vapor
COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Thermal insulation of clothing
• Air acts as best insulator
• Air trapped by the textile fibres is very important as it will not allow the heat to go out
• Textile fibres are good conductors of heat
• Exchange of hot air with cold air from outside causes a person to feel cold
COLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGCOLD PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (PCM)
• Person produce 100 W energy at rest and 600 W while doing some hard work
• Heat dissipated by evaporation of sweat, dry heat flow and respiration
• Concept is heat could be stored and activated again
• Some materials change phase i.e. from one state to another by absorbing energy and the temperature does not change during the time
• Materials which can absorb energy and release it are termed as PCM
• Quantity of energy stored and temperature change depends on the material
Phase change materials (PCM) are substances that absorb and release thermal energy during the process of melting and freezing. When a PCM freezes, it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.
Phase change materials (PCM) are substances that absorb and release thermal energy during the process of melting and freezing. When a PCM freezes, it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.