TEST DRIVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CELLULAR NETWORKS

ETSI Workshop

Athens, October 7, 2013

OF CELLULAR NETWORKS

Marco Ajmone Marsan

Politecnico Torino

Institute IMDEA Networks

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

TREND rationale and motivations

The aim of the TREND NoE

is to establish the integration of

the EU research community in

green networking with a long

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green networking with a long term perspective to consolidate

the European leadership in the

field

www.fp7-trend.eu/

TREND Consortium

Politecnico di Torino

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

iMinds (formerly IBBT)

Technische Universitat Berlin

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne

Academic

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Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni

Panepistimio Thessalias

Alcatel- Lucent Bell Labs France

Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH

Telefonica Investigacion Y Desarrollo SA

Orange SA (formerly France Telecom)

FASTWEB SPA

Manufacturers

Operators

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

� How to estimate energy efficiency of a cellular network?

� How to obtain meaningful and comparablemetrics?

Key questions

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metrics?

� How to measure existing networks?

� How to compare existing vs future networks

and technologies?

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

Obvious!

Measure power!

Power can be measured in several ways:

How to estimate energy efficiency?

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Power can be measured in several ways:

� Look at energy bill

� Use meters at different network elements

� Use power consumption models, and measure network

parameters that appear in the model

�

How to estimate energy efficiency?

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How to estimate energy efficiency?

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How to estimate energy efficiency?

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How to estimate energy efficiency?

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How to estimate energy efficiency?

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How to estimate energy efficiency?

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Obvious!

Measure power/(throughput x area x users)!

But … if we have more bandwidth we need less power …

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But … if we have more bandwidth we need less power …

if we have faults we need protection equipment …

if we have renewable energy sources we can

treat their power differently …

� So, what should we measure?

Not so obvious

The problem comes from the fact that we want to compare different technologies (e.g, 3G vs 4G) in different scenarios (area, population, service, …)

How to estimate energy efficiency?

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(area, population, service, …)

But … we could define test scenarios to be used for all

technologies, like car manufacturers do, to compare fuel

consumption of different models

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

TTS(u,s) is the TREND Test Scenario in user environment u, subject to the service request pattern s with a given set of QoEconstraints

TREND Test Scenarios

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constraints

The amount of (brown) energy used by the considered

network in such scenario, expressed in Joules, is called

TTS(u,s) energy consumption

User environment (examples – from EARTH)

� Dense urban, 10000 users per square km (0.1% of total area in Group 1 countries)

� Urban, 1000 users per square km (0.9% of area)

� Suburban, 300 users per square km (3% of area)

� Rural, 30 users per square km (26% of area)

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� Rural, 30 users per square km (26% of area)

� Sparsely populated, 2 users per square km (70% of area)

It is necessary to define a user distribution pattern (e.g., users are uniformly distributed over the area.)

Service request pattern (examples)

� Video: each active user views a 5 minute video clip of size 30 MB which they download using TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the viewing must not be interrupted.

� Download: each active user downloads a file of size 1 MB using TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the download must

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TCP; for the QoE to be considered acceptable, the download must last no more than 5 s.

It is possible to define a mix of request patterns.

It is necessary to define a traffic load

Service request pattern (examples)

To define a traffic load (from GreenTouch):

� Average load: 4 h in a typical day

� 20% of average load: 2 h

� 40% of average load: 4 h

120% of average load: 8 h

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� 120% of average load: 8 h

� 140% of average load: 6 h

It is necessary to define an overprovisioning level (e.g., capacity equal to 200% of average) and to account for failures

Load is a function of the number of active users

TTS(u,s) Given

� A user environment (e.g., urban with uniform distribution)

� A service request pattern (e.g., video+download with the respective QoS requirements)

� Dimension the cellular network for the considered technologies (e.g.,

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� Dimension the cellular network for the considered technologies (e.g., 3G and 4G), obtaining at least a number of BS per square km

� Use a model (simulation or analysis) to obtain energy consumption

The amount of (brown) energy used by the network technology under consideration to provide this service to those users, expressed in Joules, is called TTS(urban,video) energy consumption

� TREND

� Key questions

� How to estimate energy efficiency?

TREND Test Scenarios

OUTLINE

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� TREND Test Scenarios

� Conclusions

� Estimating the energy efficiency of a celluar

network is not trivial

� Comparing existing and future technologies is

challenging

Conclusions

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� The definition of test scenarios can help, but

requires a planning exercise

� Standardizing test scenarios is extremely

important

Thank you(you are invited to the final TREND workshop

ETSI Workshop

Athens, October 7, 2013

(you are invited to the final TREND workshop on Oct. 24 – see www.fp7-trend.eu/)

Marco Ajmone Marsan

ajmone@polito.it

Questions?

ETSI Workshop

Athens, October 7, 2013

Questions?Marco Ajmone Marsan

ajmone@polito.it