Post on 25-Oct-2015
description
WIRE LINEWIRE LINE Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
WIRELESSWIRELESS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
Public Satellite Mobile Network (PSMN)
DATA & ISPDATA & ISP Broadband using wire line media
(ADSL – Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line
Copper Cable, Optic Fiber)Broadband using wireless media
(WiFi, WiMax)
WIRE LINEWIRE LINE Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
WIRELESSWIRELESS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
Public Satellite Mobile Network (PSMN)
DATA & ISPDATA & ISP Broadband using wire line media
(ADSL – Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line
Copper Cable, Optic Fiber)Broadband using wireless media
(WiFi, WiMax)
Telecom IndustryTelecom Industry
Industry SegmentIndustry Segment
Indian Telecom Services Indian Telecom Services
► Basic Service (Fixed lines)Basic Service (Fixed lines) ► Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA)Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA) ► Internet Service (ISP)Internet Service (ISP)
► National Long Distance Service (NLD)National Long Distance Service (NLD)
► International Long Distance Service (ILD)International Long Distance Service (ILD)
► Broadband ServiceBroadband Service
► Cable ServiceCable Service ► VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) ServiceVSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Service
► Basic Service (Fixed lines)Basic Service (Fixed lines) ► Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA)Cellular Mobile Service (GSM & CDMA) ► Internet Service (ISP)Internet Service (ISP)
► National Long Distance Service (NLD)National Long Distance Service (NLD)
► International Long Distance Service (ILD)International Long Distance Service (ILD)
► Broadband ServiceBroadband Service
► Cable ServiceCable Service ► VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) ServiceVSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Service
Telecom ServicesTelecom Services
Service Service ProviderProvider
CategoryCategory
BSNL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD
BHARTI Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD, VSAT, ILD
RCL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD, ILD
VODAFONE Cellular
VSNL ISP, NLD, ILD
TTSL Basic, Cellular, NLD, ILD
MTNL Basic, Cellular, ISP, NLD
IDEA Cellular, NLD
AIRCELL Cellular
SPICE Cellular
Key Telecom Service ProvidersKey Telecom Service Providers
Telecom Service ProvidersTelecom Service Providers
SwitchingSwitching
VendorsVendorsAlcatel
Lucent Technologies
Siemens
NOKIA
NEC
ZTE
HUWAVI
Service Service ProvidersProviders
IndiaTTSL,
Reliance, Bharti, BSNL, MTNL, Idea, Vodafone,
Loop Telecom, MTN, TATA-DOCOMO,
Aircel..
TransmissioTransmission Vendorsn Vendors
Nortel Networks
Fujitsu
Lucent technologies
NEC
HUWAVI
FIBCOM
Indian Market: Major Infrastructure Players
IP and DatacomIP and DatacomCisco, Juniper, 3Com, Nortel Networks
IP and DatacomIP and DatacomCisco, Juniper, 3Com, Nortel Networks
Growth in rural India Growth in rural India Growth in rural India Growth in rural India
• Mobile users are expected to cross 500 mn by 2010 @ 6-7 mn / month.
• To achieve this, vast geography is to be covered. • Right now, the presence is in more than 5,000 Towns & Cities and one lakh plus villages across the country. • In terms of tele-density there is a wide gap-with metros and rural areas.
• Category ‘C’ circles have, on an average, 85% rural population, the focus of Service providers and Mobile handset vendors has shifted to these circles as well as rural India.
Strategy Strategy of of
Service providers Service providers
Service providers concentrate on Infrastructure sharing Service providers concentrate on Infrastructure sharing to save CAPEX and increase their presence to save CAPEX and increase their presence in more villages and rural areas. in more villages and rural areas.
Telecom Infrastructure IndustryTelecom Infrastructure Industry
Country has about 1,50,000 towers at present.
Require an additional 1,00,000 towers by the year end 2009
Further 150,000 by 2010.
Players are planning to deploy 60,000 shared sites in two years Passive infrastructure like Erecting towers, backhaul connectivity etc account for about 50-60% of CAPEX.
Infrastructure sharing helps in reducing CAPEX by around 25 to 40%.
Over 15 standalone infrastructure players GVK Quipo Telecom Infrastructure TVS Interconnect Systems GTL Infrastructure Essar group ACME Telepower ITI Limited HFCL McCoy Developers Pvt Ltd Skipper Steels etc.
Entry of Infrastructure PlayersEntry of Infrastructure Players
Currently, Indian telecom companies are not allowed to share active infrastructure such as optic and feeder fiber cables, radio links,network elements, backhaul, antenna and transmission equipment,but TRAI is likely to suggest that such norms be relaxed.
Wire Line based using Copper(PSTN)
Public Switched Telephone Network
Wire Line based using Copper(PSTN)
Public Switched Telephone Network
Local Telephone LinesNational Trunk LinesLocal Telephone LinesNational Trunk Lines
Broadband Services(DSL Technologies)Broadband Services(DSL Technologies)
Wireless based(PLMN)
Public Land Mobile Network
Wireless based(PLMN)
Public Land Mobile Network
GSMFWT (WLL)CDMACorDECT
GSMFWT (WLL)CDMACorDECT
Broadband ServicesWLANWiFiWiMAX
Broadband ServicesWLANWiFiWiMAX
Adoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access Networks
Optical Fiber basedOptical Fiber based
DLC (Digital Loop Carrier)FTTH (Fiber To Home)FTTC (Fiber To Cabinet)
DLC (Digital Loop Carrier)FTTH (Fiber To Home)FTTC (Fiber To Cabinet)
Satellite basedSatellite based
GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communication System)by
IRUDIUMGLOBALSTAR
ICO ( Intermediate Circular Orbit ) TELEDESIC
GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communication System)by
IRUDIUMGLOBALSTAR
ICO ( Intermediate Circular Orbit ) TELEDESIC
Adoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access NetworksAdoption of Technologies for Access Networks
2.5 Generation (2.5G)
• Voice• Packet-switched• Data rate up to 384 Kbps
GPRS
EDGE
2nd Generation (2G)
• Voice• Circuit-switched • Low rate data
GSM
IS-95
3rd Generation (3G)
• Voice• Packet-switched
Higher speed data• Multimedia services
CDMA2000
UMTS
Generation of Mobile CommunicationGeneration of Mobile Communication
Evolution of Cellular SystemsEvolution of Cellular Systems
2G2G9.6 – 14.4 KBps
2.5G2.5G64 - 144 KBps
3G3G0.384 – 2 MBps
4G4G100 MBps ??
1X-EV-DV1X-EV-DV
1X-EV-DO1X-EV-DO
CDMACDMA 1X-RTT1X-RTT 3X-RTT3X-RTT
TDMATDMA
GSMGSM GPRSGPRS EDGEEDGE
WCDMAWCDMAHigh
speed Packet
andCircuits
Based on OFDM
+Advanced Networks
AvailableAvailable
GPRS- General Packet Radio Service, EDGE - Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution, RTT - Radio Transmission Technique,
1 X - 1 fundamental channel, EV - Evolved Voice, DO - Data only, DV- Data & Voice, OFDM - Orthogonal FDM
Evolution of Cellular StandardsEvolution of Cellular Standards
Generation of Mobile CommunicationGeneration of Mobile Communication
1] GSM 900
Uplink : 890 MHz to 915 MHz
Downlink : 935 MHz to 960 MHz
ARFCN : 124
2] EGSM 900
Uplink : 880 MHz to 915 MHz
Downlink : 925 MHz to 960 MHz
ARFCNs : 174
1] GSM 900
Uplink : 890 MHz to 915 MHz
Downlink : 935 MHz to 960 MHz
ARFCN : 124
2] EGSM 900
Uplink : 880 MHz to 915 MHz
Downlink : 925 MHz to 960 MHz
ARFCNs : 174
Absolute Radio Frequency Channels :
BW - 200 KHz, TDMA Slots - 8
3] GSM 1800 (DCS 1800)
Uplink : 1710 MHz to 1795 MHz
Downlink : 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz
ARFCNs : 374
4] PCS 1900
Uplink : 1850 MHz to 1910 MHz
Downlink : 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz
ARFCNs : 299
3] GSM 1800 (DCS 1800)
Uplink : 1710 MHz to 1795 MHz
Downlink : 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz
ARFCNs : 374
4] PCS 1900
Uplink : 1850 MHz to 1910 MHz
Downlink : 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz
ARFCNs : 299
GSM Frequency SpectrumGSM Frequency Spectrum
GSM SpectrumGSM SpectrumGSM SpectrumGSM Spectrum
GSM SYSTEMGSM SYSTEM
Base StationBase StationSubsystem Subsystem
Base StationBase StationSubsystem Subsystem
SwitchingSwitchingSubsystemSubsystemSwitchingSwitching
SubsystemSubsystemOMC /NMCOMC /NMCSubsystemSubsystemOMC /NMCOMC /NMCSubsystemSubsystem
Base StationController (BSC)
Base StationController (BSC)
Base TransceiverStation (BTS)
Base TransceiverStation (BTS)
Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)
Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)
RegistersHLRVLREIR
RegistersHLRVLREIR
AUCAUC
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
MS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
BTS
Abis
MS
MSMS
NSS
MSC/VLR
BSS ArchitectureBSS Architecture
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
BSS
BTS BTS
NSS
MS
BSC
Internet
Internet
PSTNPSTN
VLR
HLR / AuC
EIR
GMSC
MSC
IWF
VMSSM-SC
CSE
SS7SS7STP
MSC / VLR
NSS ArchitectureNSS ArchitectureBTS: Base Transceiver StationBSC: Base Station ControllerMSC: Mobile Switching CenterVLR: Visiting Location RegisterHLR: Home Location RegisterIWF: InterWorking Function
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
◄Encodes, Encrypts, Multiplexes, Modulates and feeds RF to Antenna
◄Received signals is Decoded, Decrypted and Demodulate
◄Trans-coding and Rate Adoption Functionality
◄11 power classes from .01 watts (Micro cell) to 320 watts
◄Frequency hopping
◄Up-link radio channel measurements
◄Multiple Antennas for Diversity
BTS Functions BTS Functions
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
LUCENT BTSLUCENT BTS
NOKIA BTSNOKIA BTS
Allocation of radio channels Receives MS measurements Inter-cell handovers from BTS to BTS Concentrator for low capacity BTSs Reduce the number of connections to MSC
Data stored in BSCData stored in BSC
►Carrier frequencies
►Frequency hopping lists
►Power reduction levels
►Levels for cell border calculation
BSC Functions BSC Functions
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
Paging, specifically call handling
Dynamic allocation of resources in coordination with BSS
Location registration
Handover management
Billing for all subscribers based in its area
Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs to meet heavy demands
Signaling interface to databases like HLR, VLR.
Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and subscribers
Handle inter working function while working as GMSC
MSC Functions MSC Functions
GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture
BTS contains TX and RX
BSC Manages Radio resources, Radio channels and Local connection management
BTS-1
BTS-2
BTS-1
BSC-1
BSC-2
EIREIR
AUCAUC
HLR
VLRVLR
PSTN
Switching CentreSwitching CentreBase Station SubsystemBase Station Subsystem
GSM Call flowGSM Call flow
MSCMSC
FIBER LINK
MW
LIN
K
Voice CallVoice Call
GSMGSMEnhanced Data ServicesEnhanced Data Services
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
GPRS is a new bearer service for GSM
Packet Data Network (PDN) to the Internet.
What is What is GPRS ?GPRS ?
GPRS benefit from shorter access times and higher data rates. “online” over a long period of time, but billed for data volume.
GPRS improves the utilization of the radio resources,
Offers volume-based billing,
Higher data transfer rates,
Shorter access times,
Simplifies the access to packet data networks.
GPRS PLMN
GSM PLMN
HLR
MSC/VLR
MSC
SGSN
SGSN
GGSN
BSSSame
Radio for Packet and
Circuit TrafficCircuit
Packets
SS7GGSN
X.25
IP
IntraPLMN IP
Backbone
BSC
GPRS in GSM NetworksGPRS in GSM Networks
GPRS System ArchitectureGPRS System Architecture
EDGE acts as a bolt-on enhancement to 2G and 2.5G, ie GPRS
EDGE is also known as Enhanced GPRS, a superset to GPRS Can carry data speeds up to 384 Kbps in packet mode
Meet the ITU's requirement for a 3G network
EDGE requires no H/W changes in GSM core networks
BSSs must be modified
EDGE FeaturesEDGE Features
Key featuresKey features
Spectrum spreading
Orthogonal code
Soft handoff
Rake receiver
Sophisticated power control
Variable rate voice coding
Strong Error correction
Random Access System
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
CDMA Key featuresCDMA Key features
Key Attributes of CDMAKey Attributes of CDMA
ALL USERS
1.25 MHz
Spectrum for all usersSpectrum for all users
• All users on the same spectrum
• Each user has unique digital code identifier
• Digital codes separate users to stop interference
Uplink == Reverse Link == 824-849 Mhz (From MS to BTS)
Downlink == Forward Link == 869-894 Mhz (From BTS to MS)
Forward Link
869 – 894 MHz
Reverse Link
824 – 849 MHz
CDMA SpectrumCDMA Spectrum
Key Attributes of CDMAKey Attributes of CDMA
MS
BTS
CDMA Network ArchitectureCDMA Network Architecture
Network Architecture (IS-95)Network Architecture (IS-95)
BTS FunctionsBTS Functions
►Generate, radiate, receive CDMA RF signal
►Provide Um interface to MS and Abis to BSC
►Adopt Packet Switching N/W Architecture
►Configuration 1, 2, 3, 4 Carrier Frequency
►Omni and 2, 3 Sector
►Support sharing of all sectors with same RF
►Support Star, Chain and Ring networking
►Support cell breathing function
CDMA Network ArchitectureCDMA Network Architecture
BTS control and management
Call connection and disconnection
Mobility management
Radio link provision for handoff
Power control
Radio resource management.
BSC FunctionsBSC Functions
MSC FunctionsMSC Functions
Implements switching between calling and called subscribers.
One MSC connected with multiple BSCs.
MSC can also connects PSTN, ISDN or other MSCs.
CDMA Network ArchitectureCDMA Network Architecture
BSCBSC
Antenna and FeederAntenna and Feeder
Basic FunctionBasic Function
Forward link: Emission of modulated
analog signal
Reverse link: Receive signal
transmitted from MS
CDMACDMAEnhanced Data ServicesEnhanced Data Services
■ CDMA 2000 1x CDMA 2000 1x ■ CDMA 2000 1x EV-DOCDMA 2000 1x EV-DO■ CDMA 2000 1x EV-DVCDMA 2000 1x EV-DV
CDMA 2000 – technology, a part of IMT-2000 (ITU) specification suite to 3G systems, retaining backward compatibility
A Global standard
Provide high speed Packet Data services
► 2 Mbps for Stationary
► 384 Kbps Pedestrian
► 144 Kbps Vehicolar
Packet based services: wireless internet, e-mail, e-commerce, MMS and LBS
Long battery life
CDMA 2000 Key FeaturesCDMA 2000 Key Features
IS-951xEV-DO1xEV-DO
For Voice + Data
High-Speed Data1x
1xEV-DV1xEV-DV
EV-DO and EV-DVEV-DO and EV-DV
1xEV-DV1xEV-DV
Data and voice evolution option for CDMA2000 networks
Provides data rates up to 3 Mbps using 1x carrier
Supports voice and data simultaneously
Backward compatible to 1x – can share same carrier
1xEV-DO
Data evolution option for CDMA2000 networks
Provides data rates up to 2 Mbps using 1x carrier
Does not provide voice services, optimized for data services only
Requires dedicated carrier
CS-CNHLR
BTSMS
RANBSC
AC
PS-CN
PDSN/ FAHAIP NetworkIP Network
InternetInternet
AAA Server
MSC/VLR IS-41IS-41
CDMA2000 Network ArchitectureCDMA2000 Network Architecture
RAN- Radio Access NetworkCN- Core NetworkHA- Home Agent
CDMA2000 Network ArchitectureCDMA2000 Network Architecture
TechnologyTechnology Data RatesData Rates SpectrumSpectrum ServicesServices
IS-95 A/B 115.2 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice and circuit switched
data services
1xRTT 614.4 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice, circuit data, and
packet data
1X-EV-DO 2.45 Mbps 1.25 MHz Packet data services
1X-EV-DV 3.09 Mbps 1.25 MHzVoice, Circuit, Packet and
multimedia services
CDMA ComparedCDMA Compared
Doing NEW things
Individual new services?
Technology?
Doing things BETTER
Doing things FASTER
… … by taking mobile multimedia services to a new levelby taking mobile multimedia services to a new level
… … faster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger contentfaster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger content
… … providing mass-market network capacityproviding mass-market network capacity
3G is about improving the end-user experience
What is 3G all about?What is 3G all about?
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
(IMT-2000)(IMT-2000)
3G mobile systems
Provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a
wide range of telecommunications services
Linking to Terrestrial and/or Satellite based networks
Terminals may be designed for Mobile or Fixed use.
IMT-2000 .. What?IMT-2000 .. What?
IMT-2000 Vision Includes LAN, WAN and Satellite ServicesIMT-2000 Vision Includes LAN, WAN and Satellite Services
IMT-2000 .. What?IMT-2000 .. What?
2nd Generation2nd Generation
(GSM/IS-136/ IS-95)
Limited capacity Narrow band Low data rate Voice Regional Roaming Wireless only Limited service delivery
2nd Generation2nd Generation
(GSM/IS-136/ IS-95)
Limited capacity Narrow band Low data rate Voice Regional Roaming Wireless only Limited service delivery
3rd Generation3rd Generation
(IMT-2000 family)
Higher capacity Broad band Higher data rates Internet & multimedia Global roaming Wireless/wireline convergence Global service delivery
3rd Generation3rd Generation
(IMT-2000 family)
Higher capacity Broad band Higher data rates Internet & multimedia Global roaming Wireless/wireline convergence Global service delivery
Key drivers of 3G systemsKey drivers of 3G systems
Evolution & MigrationEvolution & Migration
Migration from 2G to 3G Migration from 2G to 3G
IMT-2000 : Evolution PathsIMT-2000 : Evolution Paths
What is WCDMA..?What is WCDMA..?
Increase in Subscribers and Traffic
New BW consuming applications like gaming, video streaming… place new demands on capacity.
Solution :
New technology - Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
Benefits of Wideband carrierBenefits of Wideband carrier
1) Support for higher bit rates. 2) BW on demand
3) Asymmetric Data Rates 4) Higher spectrum efficiency.
5) Improved Trunking efficiency. 6) Higher QoS.
UTRAN and System ArchitectureUTRAN and System Architecture
WCDMA ArchitectureWCDMA Architecture
HTTP - Request(In Kilobytes)
HTTP - Response
(In Megabytes)
• Channels with different bandwidths in UL & DL direction lead to efficient radio spectrum utilization
• Useful for applications such as web access and cable TV
HTTP Server
3G Networ
k
Asymmetric Data RatesAsymmetric Data Rates
WCDMA BenefitsWCDMA Benefits
RAN CN
Text only = Low Data Rate
or
Multimedia = High Data Rate
SN
Bandwidth on Demand Bandwidth on Demand
WCDMA BenefitsWCDMA Benefits
• Varying BWs depending on the service requirements
• Different channels may have different QoS services
Voice Service
Internet Access
Video Access
3G Network
WCDMA BenefitsWCDMA Benefits
Bandwidth on Demand Bandwidth on Demand
InternetInternet
WirelessNetwork
WirelessNetwork
E-mail/Voicemail
Stocks
WeatherHoroscope
TravelInfo
TravelInfo
MapsMaps
M-commerceM-commerce
MessagingMessagingNewsNews
Data Services over WirelessData Services over Wireless
Maps
M-Commerce
MessagingNews
Travel Info
WCDMA BenefitsWCDMA Benefits
3G is based on primarily a WAN concept, a hybrid network is required that utilize both WLAN concept and Cell or Base-station WAN design.
3G Network Path3G Network Path
4G Network Path4G Network Path
WLANWiMAXWLANWiMAX
WLANWiMAXWLANWiMAX
Motivation for 4GMotivation for 4G
4G Wireless Networks4G Wireless Networks
Presented byGaurav KumarGaurav Kumar
Gaurav.kumar@zephyr.co.inGaurav.kumar@zephyr.co.in