Post on 18-May-2015
Relationships in Nature
BIO108
Symbiosis
• Living together• A partnership• Two different species• Both partners benefit
– mutual benefit
Animal Kingdom
• Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
• Hermit crab & sea anemone
• Buffalo & oxpecker
• Shark & remora fish
Crocodile & Bird
• Nile crocodile– Usually eats animals– Allows bird to walk around its mouth
• Crocodile bird– Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth– Removes and eats scraps of food– Eats harmful leeches and parasites
Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
• Hermit crab– protects the crab
• Sea anemone– Gets leftover food
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Buffalo & Oxpecker
• Buffalo– Lets the bird eat
• Oxpecker– Eats ticks and other parasites off skin– Warns buffalo of danger
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
Shark and Remora Fish
• Shark– Lets the fish eat
• Remora Fish– Eats parasites– Gets the shark’s leftovers
Lichen
• Slow growing plants
• Partnership: fungi & algae
• Neither could live alone
Relationships
• Phoresis• Commensalism• Mutualism• Parasitism
Phoresis
• Loose association
• One organism is smaller than other
• Larger organism used for transport
• Dung beetles and cow dung
Commensalism
• “eating together at the same table”• Only one member benefits
– sharing space, defense, shelter, food
• Neither will die if relationship is ended
• Shrimp & sea cucumber
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Mutualism
• Both organisms derive mutual benefit• Intimate and obligatory• Neither can survive without the other• Example – host and parasite
• Tickbirds and rhinos• Clownfish & sea anemone
Parasitism
• Not symbiotic• Causes harm to host
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