Post on 24-Dec-2015
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
Copenmind 2008
Copenhagen, Denmark
3 September 2008
SHERPA PROJECT
Christer SöderbergSERO
Sweden
SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27
SHERPA PROJECT
Small Hydropower, energy and water
EU definition: max installed capacity 10MW
Total capacity: 11 737 MW
Total production: 38 515 GWh
SwedishSwedish Renewable Energies AssociationRenewable Energies Association
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
Climate Change
Protection of environment
Ending of fossil fuels and rising oil prices
Need to diversify energy mix for the future
Security of supply
New innovative business sector
Urgent need for clean energy
WHY RENEWABLES & SMALL HYDROPOWER?
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
Kyoto protocol
EU White Paper
Directive 2001/77/EC, promotion of renewable electricity
New Directive on the promotion of Renewable energy with 20% mandatory target by 2020
POLICY FRAMEWORK
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
SMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITSSMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITS
SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and maintenance costs. maintenance costs.
Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%)Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%)
Proven and reliable technologyProven and reliable technology
Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the
intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as
solar and windsolar and wind
Attractive energy pay-back ratioAttractive energy pay-back ratio
Tool for flood prevention and controlTool for flood prevention and control
Suitable for rural electrification in developing countriesSuitable for rural electrification in developing countries
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
Small Hydropower is clean, emissions-free and renewable source of energy
NON-COMBUSTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
(NCEP)
NO EMISSION AT ENERGY CONVERSION
NO EMISSION AT FUEL PRODUCTION
NO EMISSION AT FUEL TRANSPORT
NO WASTE
Highest ranking in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEHYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE
BEFORE 1830 WATER WHEELBEFORE 1830 WATER WHEEL
1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE
1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER
1900-1960 FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER1900-1960 FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER
1960-1980 A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER1960-1980 A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER
1980-2000 SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER1980-2000 SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER
2000- A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER 2000- A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
LEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EULEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EU
EU MEMBER STATES EU MEMBER STATES
(6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity)(6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity)COUNTRYCOUNTRY CAPACITY, MWCAPACITY, MW PRODUCTION, GWHPRODUCTION, GWH
Italy 2 467 7 875Italy 2 467 7 875France 2 049 6 010 France 2 049 6 010 Spain 1 816 3 999 Spain 1 816 3 999 Germany 1 650 7 996 Germany 1 650 7 996 Austria 1 099 3 800Austria 1 099 3 800SwedenSweden 898 898 3 516 3 516All EU-27 11 737 38 515All EU-27 11 737 38 515Source: ESHA 2006 figuresSource: ESHA 2006 figures
COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EUCOUNTRIES OUTSIDE EUNorway 1 310 4 893Norway 1 310 4 893Switzerland Switzerland 794 3 439 794 3 439
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
Country Installed capacity (MW) GWh Country
Installed capacity (MW) GWh
EU-27 11 737 38 515 Luxembourg 21 75
Belgium 58 173 Hungary 11 47 Czech Republic 276 964 Malta 0 0 Denmark 11 23 Netherlands 12.5 31 Germany 1650 7996 Austria 1099 3800 Estonia 6 22 Poland 270 803 Greece 89 327 Portugal 267 280 Spain 1816 3999 Slovenia 143 425 France 2049 6010 Finland 306 1240 Ireland 19 58 Sweden 898 3516 Italy 2467 7875 UK 53 477 Cyprus 0 0 Bulgaria 72 854 Latvia 26 58 Romania 325 676 Lithuania 25 66 Slovakia 63 250
SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27
(source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006)(source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006)
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
CURRENT TREND COMPARED WITH THE WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES?WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES?
Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less economical than large hydro economical than large hydro
Regulatory barriersRegulatory barriers
Administrative barriers Administrative barriers
Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory framework (developing countries)framework (developing countries)
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHPWATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHP
WFD sets WFD sets an overall objective to achieve ‘good an overall objective to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by 2015. status’ for all waters by 2015.
Environment and sustainability are of crucial Environment and sustainability are of crucial importance for SHP development:importance for SHP development:
• Reserved flow to protect natural life in the riverReserved flow to protect natural life in the river
• Continuous research & innovations: fish pass-Continuous research & innovations: fish pass-systems and systems and fish-friendly turbines: fish-friendly turbines: infrared & eel infrared & eel
• Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production combined with flood control, irrigation channels, combined with flood control, irrigation channels, waste water treatment and recreational use. waste water treatment and recreational use.
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
SMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVESMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVE
Small hydropower Small hydropower schemes are mainly run-of-river schemes are mainly run-of-river with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well designed SHP scheme can blend in with its designed SHP scheme can blend in with its surroundings. surroundings.
SHP contributes to CO₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh SHP contributes to CO₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 700 tonnes. CO₂ emissions by 700 tonnes.
Important: Important: The implementation of the WFD must not The implementation of the WFD must not oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive which is also an environmental Directive.which is also an environmental Directive.
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
As a As a clean, efficient, emissions-free source of clean, efficient, emissions-free source of renewable energyrenewable energy, small hydropower’s contribution to , small hydropower’s contribution to security of supply, stability of energy prices and security of supply, stability of energy prices and climate change mitigation is considerable. climate change mitigation is considerable.
The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly depend on these two directives being transposed in a depend on these two directives being transposed in a correctly balanced manner. correctly balanced manner.
BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
SHP POTENTIALSHP POTENTIAL
In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year (ESHA estimation)(ESHA estimation)
Potential in upgrading and modernisationPotential in upgrading and modernisation
On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural electrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealthelectrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealth
New projects New projects in particular in China, Japan, India, in particular in China, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Peru (also Turkey and Russia)Peru (also Turkey and Russia)
Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association
www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710
ESHAESHA
Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989
Headquarters in Renewable Energy House Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brusselsin Brussels
Members in mostly all EU countries and Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide; industry, national associations, worldwide; industry, national associations, research community, individual membersresearch community, individual members
Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & information disseminationinformation dissemination