Post on 23-Oct-2015
OperatiOnal Guidelines and
standardized traininG recOmmendatiOns
contents
SWAT
California POST
PO
ST2
005T
PS
-036
9.1
OperatiOnal Guidelines and
standardized traininG recOmmendatiOns
contents
SWAT
California POST
POST2005TPS-0369.1
C a l i f o r n i a C o m m i s s i o n o n P e a c e O f f i c e r S t a n d a r d s a n d T r a i n i n g
contents
cOpyriGht
n SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
Copyright 2005 CaliforniaCommissiononPeaceOfficerStandardsandTraining(POST)
PublishedJuly2005 RevisedAugust2006
Allrightsreserved.Thispublicationmaynotbereproduced,inwholeorinpart,inanyformorbyanymeanselectronicormechanicalorbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownorhereafterinvented,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionoftheCaliforniaCommissiononPeaceOfficerStandardsandTraining(POST),withthefollowingexception:
CalifornialawenforcementagenciesinthePOSTpeaceofficerprogramandPOST-certifiedtrainingpresentersareherebygivenpermissionbyPOSTtoreproduceanyorallofthecontentsofthismanualforinternalusewithintheiragency/school.
Allotherindividuals,privatebusinessesandcorporations,publicandprivateagenciesandcolleges,professionalassociations,andnon-POSTlawenforcementagenciesin-stateorout-of-state,mayprintordownloadthispublicationfornon-commercialuse.
Questions about this copyright information or about obtaining permission tousePOST-developedpublicationsmaybeaddressedtothePublicationsManager at publications@post ca gov
POST2005TPS-0369.1
contents
the missiOn
n of the California Commission On Peace Officer Standards and Training istocontinuallyenhancetheprofessionalismofCaliforniaLawEnforcement in serving its communities
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
cOmmissiOners
n Anthony W. Batts Chief,LongBeachPoliceDepartment
Ron Lowenberg Dean/Director,GoldenWestCollege
John Avila NarcoticsDetective,FresnoCounty
Lai Lai Bui Detective,SacramentoPoliceDepartment
Collene Campbell Public Member
Robert Doyle Sheriff,RiversideCounty
Bonnie Dumanis DistrictAttorney,SanDiegoCounty
Deborah Linden Chief,SanLuisObispoPoliceDepartment
Nelson Lum Sergeant,SanFranciscoPoliceDepartment
Henry Perea Councilman,CityofFresno
Laurie Smith Sheriff,SantaClaraCounty
Michael Sobek Sergeant,SanLeandroPoliceDepartment
Bill Lockyer ExOfficioMember,AttorneyGeneral’sOffice
Ken O’Brien ExecutiveDirector,POST
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
acknOwledGements
n Thismanualcouldnothavebeendevelopedwithoutthecombinedeffortsofagreatnumberofdedicatedindividualsandinterestedparties.
POSTwouldliketoextenditsgratitudetothemanylawenforcementofficers,supervisors,managers,andsupportstaffwhocontributedtothesuccess of this project
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ���
contents
FOrewOrd
n PenalCodeSection13514.1directstheCommissiontodevelopanddisseminateguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsforlawenforcementofficers,supervisors,andadministrators,whoareassignedtoperform,supervise,ormanageSpecialWeaponsandTactics(SWAT).
TheoperationalguidelinesaddresslegalandpracticalissuesofSWAToperations,personnelselection,fitnessrecommendations,planning,tacticalissues,safety,after-actionevaluationofoperations,logisticalandresourceneeds,uniformandfirearmsrecommendations,riskassessment,policyconsiderations,andmulti-jurisdictionalSWAToperations.
POSTassembledover130lawenforcementpractitioners,managers,andexecutivestodeveloptheseguidelines.SWATsubjectmatterexpertsmetthroughout2004toprovideinputregardingthehighlyspecializedcomponentsofSWAToperationsandtraining.TheSWATExecutiveCommittee,comprisedoflawenforcementchiefexecutives,administrators,andSWATpractitioners,mettoreviewrecommendationsofsubcommittees.TheCaliforniaAttorneyGeneral’sBlueRibbonSWATReport2002hasbeenconsideredateachstepintheprocessandusedasaguidingdocumentindevelopingtheseoperationalguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.TheCommissionappreciatestheeffortsofthePOSTSpecialWeaponsandTacticscommitteememberswhodevelopedandreviewedtheguidelines.
TheseSWATguidelinesreflectrecentlawchangesandcontemporarythinkingconcerningtacticallawenforcementoperations.Theyaredeliberatelybriefandareintendedtobeelaborateduponbylawenforcementadministratorsandtrainingpresenters.
Forquestionsconcerningtheguidelines,pleasecontactTrainingProgramServicesat(916)227-4885.Forquestionsconcerningbasicorupdatetraining,pleasecontactyourareaconsultantinTrainingDeliveryat(916)227-4863orviatheRegionalMaponourwebsiteatwww.post.ca.gov
KENNEThJ.O’BRiEN ExecutiveDirector
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �v
cOntents Foreword iv
introduction 1
1.0 DefinitionofSWAT 2
2 0 SWATTeamComponents 3
3.0 PolicyConsiderations 4
4.0 RiskAssessment 6
5 0 Planning 7
6.0 LogisticalandResourceNeeds 9
7.0 LegalandPracticalissuesofSWATOperations 10
8.0 Uniforms,Equipment,andFirearms 11
9.0 PersonnelSelection,PhysicalFitnessandCoreSkillsProficiency 12
10.0 SWATTraining 14
11.0 Multi-JurisdictionalSWATOperations 18
12.0 After-ActionEvaluation 19
13.0 SpecializedFunctionsandSupportingResources 20
Appendices
A BasicSWATTeamOperationalComponents 29
B BasicSWATCourseTopics 30
C SWATCoreCompetencies 34
D SWAT/TacticalCommanders’CourseTopics 38
E CoreCompetenciesforSWATK-9Teams 41
F BasicCrisisNegotiatorCourseRecommendedCourseTopics 42
G Crisis Negotiations Core Competencies 47
h LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations 49
i TacticalWaterborneCoreCompetencies 52
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST v
contents
intrOductiOn
n Thefollowingareguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsformanaging,operating,andtraininglawenforcementSWATteamsintheStateofCaliforniainaccordancewithPenalCodeSection13514.1.Theintentoftheseguidelinesistoprovidehelpfulguidancetolawenforcementagenciesintheformation,oversight,operation,andtrainingofeffectiveSWATteams.Totheextentpossible,“bestpractices”havebeenidentifiedandincorporatedintotheseguidelines.WhiletheseguidelinesencouragesomedegreeofstandardizationofSWAT,itisrecognizedthatlocalconditionsandneedsvaryconsiderablyandthereforeflexibilityisaffordedagencies.TheseguidelinespayparticularattentiontotheSWATaspectsthatfocusoneffectiveness,safetyandpreventionofproblematiccriticalincidents.
NOTE:inthefollowingsections,operationalguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendationsareidentifiedinregular type withexplanatoryinformationinitalicized type
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
1.0 deFinitiOn OF swat1.1 ASpecialWeaponsandTactics(SWAT)teamisanydesignatedgroupof
lawenforcementofficerswhoareselected,trained,andequippedtoworkasacoordinatedteamtoresolvecriticalincidentsthataresohazardous,complex,orunusualthattheymayexceedthecapabilitiesoffirstrespondersorinvestigativeunits.
u TheprimarycharacteristicofSWATthatdistinguishesitfromtheotherunitsisthefocusofeffort.SWATteamsarefocusedontacticalsolutions,asopposedtootherfunctions,suchasinvestigation.ThepurposeofSWATistoincreasethelikelihoodofsafelyresolvingcriticalincidents.Nothingintheseguidelinesisintendedtoprecludeagenciesfromutilizingspeciallytrainedunitsinareassuchasnarcoticsinvestigations,felonyapprehension,andothertasks.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
2.0 swat team cOmpOnents2.1 SWATteamsshoulddevelopsufficientresourcestoperformthethree
basic operational functions:
1. CommandandControl
2 Containment
3. Entry/Apprehension/Rescue
u Appendix Aprovidesasuggestedlistingofactivitiesforeachoperationalcomponent.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
3.0 pOlicy cOnsideratiOns3.1 Aneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeand
extentofSWATmissionsandoperationsappropriatetotheparticularagency.Thisassessmentshouldconsidertheteam’scapabilitiesandlimitationsandshouldbereviewedperiodically.
3.2 PoliciesandproceduresspecifictoSWATorganizationandoperationsshouldbeestablishedandmaintainedbytheagency.Thesepoliciesandproceduresshouldaddress,ataminimum:
nThelocallyidentifiedspecificmissionstheteamiscapableofper-forming
nTeamorganizationandfunction
nPersonnelselectionandretentioncriteria
nTrainingandrequiredcompetencies
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
3.0 continued pOlicy cOnsideratiOnspOlicy cOnsideratiOns
nProceduresforactivationanddeployment
nCommandandcontrolissues,includingaclearlydefinedcommandstructure
nMulti-agencyresponse
nOut-of-jurisdictionalresponse
nSpecializedfunctionsandsupportingresources
u ThesepoliciesandproceduresshouldtakeintoconsiderationPOSTguidelinesandstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
4.0 risk assessment4.1 Agenciesshouldconductathreatassessmenttodeterminethe
appropriateresponseandresourcesnecessary,includingtheuseofSWAT.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
5.0 planninG 5.1 Missionbriefingsshouldbeconductedpriortoanoperation,unless
circumstancesrequireimmediatedeployment.
u Whenpossible,briefingsshouldincludethespecializedunitsandsupportingresources.
5 2 SWATteamsshoulddesignatepersonnelresponsiblefordevelopinganoperationalortacticalplanpriortoandduringSWAToperations.
5.3 AllSWATteammembersshouldhaveanunderstandingofoperationalplanning
u SkillredundancyinknowledgeofplanningproceduresforSWATteammembersimprovesperformanceinrapidlydevelopingscenarios.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
5.0 continued planninGplanninG
5.4 SWATteampoliciesandtrainingshouldconsiderplanningforbothspontaneousandplannedevents.
5 5 SWATteamsshouldincorporatemedicalemergencycontingency
planningaspartoftheSWAToperationalplan.
u Whereresourcesallow,considerationshouldbegiventointegratingTacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport(TEMS)personnelwithinthestructureoftheSWATteam.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
6.0 lOGistical and resOurce needs6.1 SWATteamsthatanticipateaugmentationbyspecializedresources
shouldincorporateuseofthoseresourcesintotheirplanningandtraining
u Refertosection13.0forfurtherguidelinesonSpecializedFunctionsandSupportingResources.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �
contents
leGal and practical issues OF 7.0 swat OperatiOns7.1 Agenciesshoulddevelopprotocolstomaintainsustainedoperations,
whichmayincluderelief,rotationofpersonnel,andaugmentationofresources
7.2 Agenciesshoulddevelopproceduresforpost-incidentscenemanagement,includingdocumentationandtransitiontoinvestigationsandotherunits
7.3 AgenciesshouldconsidertheuseoftacticallytrainedpersonnelforcommunicationsandrecordkeepingduringSWAToperations.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �0
contents
8.0 uniFOrms, equipment, and Firearms8.1 SWATteamsshouldwearuniformsthatclearlyidentifyteammembers
aslawenforcementofficers.
u Itisrecognizedthatcertaintacticalconditionsmayrequirecovertmovement.Attiremaybeselectedappropriatetothespecificmission.
8.2 SWATteamsshouldbeadequatelyequippedtomeetthespecificmissionidentifiedbytheagency.
8.3 Withintherespectiveagency,weaponsandequipmentusedbySWAT,thespecializedunits,andthesupportingresourcesshouldbeagency-issuedorapproved,includinganymodifications,additions,orattachments
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
persOnnel selectiOn, physical Fitness 9.0 and cOre skills prOFiciency9.1 Minimumrequirementsforbothinitialselectionandfulldeployment
withtheSWATteamshouldbeestablishedbytheagencybaseduponresourcesavailableandidentifiedlocalneeds,POSTguidelines,andsoundriskmanagementpractices.
u AgenciesshouldensurethattheSWATselectionprocessisreasonable,jobrelated,andunbiased.
9.2 AgenciesshouldestablishphysicalfitnessstandardsfortheselectionandretentionofSWATteammembers.
u Agenciesshouldconsiderconductingphysicalfitnessassessmentatleastannually.Policiesshouldbeestablishedforfailuretocomplywiththesestandards.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
persOnnel selectiOn, physical Fitness 9.0 continued and cOre skills prOFiciency
9.3 AgenciesshouldestablishSWATcoreskillsproficiencylevelsforSWATteam members
u Agenciesshouldconsiderconductingcoreskillsproficiencyassessmentatleastannually.Policiesshouldbeestablishedforfailuretomaintaintheseproficiencies.
u SeeGuideline 10.2andAppendix Cforalistingofcorecompetenciesandelements.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
10.0 swat traininG10.1 Initial Training
10.1.1 SWATteamOperatorsandSWATSupervisors/teamleadersshouldnotbedeployeduntilsuccessfulcompletionofthePOST-certifiedBasicSWATCourseoritsequivalentasdeterminedbytheagency.
u Appendix BprovidesthetrainingrecommendationsforthePOSTBasicSWATCourse.
10.1.2 Appropriatetraining,priortofulldeployment,shouldalsobeincorporatedintoagencypolicyforthespecializedSWATfunctionsandother supporting resources
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
10.0 continued swat traininGswat traininG
10.2 Recurrent Core Competency Training
10.2.1 SWATteamsshouldparticipateindocumentedandverifiablemonthlytrainingtomaintainindividualandteamcorecompetenciesasdeterminedbythetypeandextentofSWATmissionsandoperationsperformed.
u SWATcorecompetenciesfallwithinthreegeneralcategories:
nWeapons,munitions,andequipmenttraining
n individualandteammovementandtactics
nDecision-making
u Appendix CprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesandelementsforeachcompetency.
u OngoingtrainingintherespectivecorecompetenciesshouldalsobeincorporatedintopolicyforthespecializedSWATfunctionsandsupportingresources.
10.3 Update and Refresher Training
10.3.1 SWATteamOperatorsandSWATSupervisors/teamleadersshouldattend24hoursofPOST-certifiedSWATupdateorrefreshertraining,oritsequivalent(asdeterminedbytheagency),every24months.
u Appendix CprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesandelementsforeachcompetency.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
10.0 continued swat traininGswat traininG
10.4 Supervision and Management
10.4.1 CommandandexecutivepersonnelwhoprovideactiveoversightatthesceneofSWAToperationsshouldunderstandthepurposeandcapabilitiesoftheteam(s).
u CommandandexecutivepersonnelareencouragedtoattendtrainingformanagingtheSWATfunctionattheorganizationallevel.
10.4.2 CommandpersonnelwhomayassumeincidentcommandresponsibilitiesshouldattendaSWATorcriticalincidentcommandercourse,oritsequivalent.
10.4.3 SWATcommandpersonnelshouldattendaPOST-certifiedSWATcommanderortacticalcommandercourse,oritsequivalent.
u Appendix DprovidesthetrainingrecommendationsforthePOSTTacticalCommanderCourse.
10.5 Approval of Prior Training
10.5.1 AgencieswithSWATteamsshouldestablishprocedurestorecognizeprevioustrainingofmemberssoastoprecludeunnecessary,redundanttraining
u Asageneralrule,previouslycompletedtrainingmaybeconsideredequivalentwhenthehoursandcontent(topics)meetorexceedagencyrequirementsorPOST’sstandardizedtrainingrecommendations.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
10.0 continued swat traininGswat traininG
10.6 Training Safety
10.6.1 Useofadesignatedsafetyofficershouldbeconsideredfortacticaltraining
u RefertoPOSTGuidelinesforStudentSafetyinCertifiedCoursesforfurthertrainingsafetyinformation.
10.7 Scenario-Based Training
10.7.1 SWATteamsshouldparticipateinscenario-basedtraining.
u Scenario-basedtrainingthatsimulatesthetacticaloperationalenvironmentisanestablishedmethodofimprovingperformanceduringanactualdeployment.
10.8 Annual Training Plan
10.8.1 SWATteamsshoulddevelopanannualtrainingplanbasedonatrainingneedsassessment.
u AnannualtrainingplanhelpsSWATteamstoidentifyandprioritizetrainingneedsandscheduleaccordingly.
10.9 Training Documentation
10.9.1 individualandteamtrainingshouldbedocumentedandrecordsmaintainedbytheagency.
u Documentationofindividualandteamtraining/performancecancontributetolong-termreductionofliabilityandaidininvestigations.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
11.0 multi-JurisdictiOnal swat OperatiOns
11.1 TheSWATteam,includingrelevantspecializedunitsandsupportingresources,shoulddevelopprotocols,agreements,orworkingrelationshipstosupportmulti-jurisdictionalorregionalresponses.
11.2 SWATmulti-agencyandmulti-disciplinaryjointtrainingexercisesareencouraged.SpecializedSWATunitsandsupportingresourcesshouldalso participate
u SomeagenciesmaychoosetoconsolidateresourcesintoaregionalSWATteamconcept.
u Samplesofinitialsuggestedprotocolsandmulti-jurisdictionalagreementscanbeobtainedthroughthePOSTclearinghouse,uponrequest.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
12.0 aFter-actiOn evaluatiOn 12.1 After-actionteamdebriefingsshouldbeconducted.
u Evaluationandanalysisofcriticalincidentsaffordsopportunityforindividualandteamassessment,helpstoidentifytrainingneeds,andreinforcessoundriskmanagementpractices.Whenappropriate,thedebriefingsshouldincludespecializedunitsandresources.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 and suppOrtinG resOurces13.1 SWATK-9Teams u Theseguidelinesareintendedashelpfulguidanceforagencieswhoutilize
K-9teamsonarecurrentbasisfordeploymentwithatacticalteam.
DefinitionofaSWATK-9Team
u ASWATK-9teamisadesignatedunit,consistingofahandleranddog,whichisspecificallyselected,trained,andequippedtoworkinconjunctionwithSWAT/tacticalteamstoassistintacticalincidents.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �0
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
FormationandPolicyConsiderations
nAgenciesshouldestablishproceduresforbothinitialselectionandfulldeploymentofcaninehandlerswiththeSWATteam,whichareconsistentwithPOSTK-9guidelines.
nAgenciesshouldestablishproceduresfortheselectionofdogsusedaspartoftheSWATK-9team.
nNotallpolicecaninesaresuitableforSWAToperations.
Planning
nSWATK-9handlersshouldbeprovidedwithappropriateSWAT-specificsafetyandcommunicationsequipmentappropriatetotheassignedtacticalmission,consistentwithdepartmentpolicy.
nSWATK-9teamsshouldparticipateinmissionbriefingspriortoatacticaloperation,after-actionevaluationsandteamdebriefings.
Training
nAgenciesshouldestablishSWATK-9coreskillsproficiencylevelsforK-9tacticalteams.
nAgenciesshouldconductcoreskillsproficiencyassessmentonanongoing basis
nAppendixEprovidesasuggestedlistingofcorecompetenciesforSWATK-9teams.
nSWATteamsandSWATK-9teamsshouldjointlyparticipateindocumentedquarterlyscenario-basedtrainingtomaintainSWATK-9teamcorecompetencies,consistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsperformed.
nitisrecommendedthattheK-9handlerandK-9successfullycompleteaSWATorientationprogramthatemphasizesbasicSWATprocedures,practices,andequipment.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
nCommandpersonnelwhomayassumeSWATK-9TeamcommandresponsibilitiesandSWATK-9handlersshouldremaincurrentonlegalissuespertainingtolawenforcementK-9deployment.
SafetyConsiderations
nRescueproceduresfortheSWATK-9team(i.e.handlerdown)shouldbedeveloped,trained,andpracticedpriortodeployment.
nMedicalemergencycontingencyplanningshouldbeincorporatedaspartoftherescueprocedures.
LegalandPracticalissues
nSWATK-9Teamsshouldbeevaluatedastotheirsuitabilityfordeploymentwithatacticalteampriortodeploymentandonanongoing basis
13.2 CrisisNegotiationsTeam
DefinitionofaCrisisNegotiationsTeam
u ACrisisNegotiationsTeam(CNT)isadesignatedgroupofpersonnelspecificallyselected,trained,andequippedtoassistintheresolutionofcriticalincidentsbymeansofcommunicationandnegotiationwithcriminalsuspectsandotherpersons,ofteninconjunctionwiththeSWAT/tacticalunit.
Formation
nAgenciesthatfieldaSWATteam,orwhoparticipateinaregionalormulti-jurisdictionalteam,shoulddevelopaCrisisNegotiationscomponentforresponsetoidentifiedcriticalincidents.
nACrisisNegotiationsTeammaybedevelopedasanintegralpartoftheSWATteam/unit,orasaseparateentitywithitsowncommandstructure
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
PolicyConsiderations u AgenciesshouldorganizeCNTwithregardtothefollowingpolicy
considerations:
nDevelopmentofwrittenoperatingprocedures.
nidentificationofpersonnelresponsibleforoperations,training,andequipmentmaintenance.
nDevelopmentofwrittencriteriafortheactivationanddeploymentofaCrisisNegotiationsTeam.
ninstitutionofproceduresforestablishingandrunningtheNegotiationsOperationsCenterincoordinationwiththeTacticalCommanderandtheincidentCommander.
CNTOperationalFunctions u AgenciesshoulddevelopresourcessufficienttoperformthefourCNT
operationalfunctions:
nCommunications/Negotiations
nintelligence
nTacticalLiaison
nLogistics
initialTraining
nCNTmembersshouldsuccessfullycompleteaPOST-certifiedBasicCrisisNegotiatorcourseoritsequivalent.
nAppendixFcontainsalistingofrecommendedtopicsfortheBasicCrisis Negotiator course
RecurrentCoreCompetencyTraining
nCNTmembersshouldparticipateindocumentedquarterlytrainingthatmaintainsproficiencyincorecompetencies,consistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsidentifiedbyagencypolicy.Periodicscenario-basedtraining,inconjunctionwiththeSWATteam,isencouraged.
nAppendixGprovidesasuggestedlistingofCNTcorecompetencies.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
CNTSupervisionandManagement
nCommandpersonnelwhomayassumeCNTcommandresponsibilitiesshouldattendaSWATorcriticalincidentcommandercourse,oritsequivalent,whichincludescurriculumregardingcrisisnegotiationsprotocols.
13.3 LongRifle/ObserverTeams
DefinitionofaLongRifle/ObserverTeam u ALongRifle/ObserverTeamisadesignatedunitoflawenforcement
officerswhoareselected,trained,andequippedtoworkasanelementoftheSWATteamintheresolutionofcriticalincidentsbyprovidingobservation,cover,andtheemploymentofprecisionfire.
nLongRifle/ObserverTeamsaremostoftenacomponentofSWAT.however,itisrecognizedthatsomeagenciestrainanddeployLongRifle/ObserverTeamsincoordinationwith,butdistinctfrom,theSWATteam.
FormationandPolicyConsiderations
nAgenciesshoulddevelopsufficienttrainingandresourcestoperformthebasicfunctionsoftheLongRifle/ObserverTeam.
nALongRifle/ObserverTeamshouldconsistoftwoofficers,cross-trainedasbothLongRifleOperatorandObserver.
initialTraining
nLongRifleOperatorsshouldnotbedeployeduntilsuccessfulcompletionofaPOST-CertifiedBasicLongRifleCourse,oritsequivalent.
nAppendixhprovidesinformationabouttheBasicLongRifleCourse
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
RecurrentCoreCompetencyTraining
nLongRifleOperatorsshouldparticipateindocumentedandverifiabletrainingonamonthlybasisthatmaintainsindividualandteamcorecompetenciesconsistentwiththetypeofSWATmissionsperformed.
LongRifle/Observercorecompetenciesfallwithinthreegeneralcategories:
nFundamentalsofPrecisionShooting
nTactics
nObservation/Communication
LongRifleOperatorsshoulddemonstrateproficiencyonatleastaquarterlybasiswithassignedfirearms.
SafetyConsiderations
nAppropriatesafetyprecautionsshouldbeincorporatedintoLongRifle/ObserverTeamtraining.
nTheuseofasafetyofficerisrecommended. u RefertoPOSTGuidelinesforStudentSafetyinCertifiedCoursesforfurther
trainingsafetyinformation.
13.4 SWATOperationsinaWeaponsofMassDestruction(WMD)/TerrrorismEvent
u SWATteamsmaybetaskedwithpreparingthetacticalcomponentofthegovernmentalresponsetoapotentialexposuretochemical,biological,radiological,nuclear,orexplosive(CBRNE)hazards.AgenciesshouldrecognizethattacticaloperationsinaCBRNEenvironmentarehighlyspecialized.SWATteamsmaynotbepreparedtohandletheseincidentsalone,andshouldconsideracoordinatedregionalresponsebylocal,state,andfederalagencies.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
13.5 SWATWaterborneOperations
u Definition Forthepurposesofthissection,waterborneoperationsrefertothedeployment
ofspeciallytrainedSWATOperatorstoengageintacticaloperationsassociatedwiththewaterborneenvironment.
NeedsAssessment
nAneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeandextentofSWATwaterbornemissionsandoperationsappropriatetothe agency
Training
nSWATteamswhoanticipateutilizingwaterbornesupportinrecurrentmissionsshouldcompleteinitialvesselorientationandtrainingpriortodeployment.
nSWATTeamswhoanticipateutilizingwaterbornesupportforrecurrentmissionsshouldincorporatemaritimetrainingintheannual training plan
nAppendixiprovidesalistingofSWAToperatorcorecompetenciesassociatedwiththemaritimeenvironment.
Planning
nConsiderationshouldbegiventotheproperselectionofequipmentrelatedtolocallyidentifiedmissionprofiles.
nVesseloperatorsshouldparticipateinthedevelopmentphaseofmission planning to ensure appropriate assets are in place for the identifiedmissionprofile.
nPriortocommencingunderwayoperations,thevesseloperatorsandcrewshouldconductasafetybriefing,includingvesselsafetyandemergencyprocedures.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
Multi-jurisdictionalissues
nAgenciesinvolvedinwaterbornetacticaloperationsshoulddevelopprotocols,agreements,and/orworkingrelationshipswithotheragenciesthatmaybeoperationallyaffectedduetostatutory,crossjurisdictional,ormulti-jurisdictionalrequirements.
13.6 SWATAiRBORNEOPERATiONS
u Definition Forthepurposesofthissection,atacticalairborneoperationreferstotheuseof
airsupportasaresourceincoordinationwithSWATtoresolvecriticalincidents.
nFormationandPolicyConsiderations
AneedsassessmentshouldbeconductedtodeterminethetypeandextentofSWATairsupportmissionsandoperationsappropriatetothe particular agency
nTheagency,incoordinationwithSWATandtheairsupportprovider,shoulddevelopproceduresforthetacticaluseoftheaircraft
Planning
nAircrewsshouldparticipateinthedevelopmentphaseofmissionplanningandriskassessmenttoensureappropriateassetsareinplacefortheidentifiedmissionparameters.
nAircrewsshouldparticipatewithSWATinafter-actionevaluationofoperationsanddebriefings.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
specialized FunctiOns 13.0 continued and suppOrtinG resOurces
SafetyConsiderations
nPriortocommencingoperations,adesignatedaircrewmembershouldconductasafetybriefing,includingaircraftsafetyandemergencyprocedures.
Training
nSWATteamswhoutilizeairsupportforrecurrentmissionsshouldincorporateairbornetrainingwiththeaircraftandaircrewmembers in the annual training plan
Firearms
nAgenciesshoulddeveloppoliciesregardinguseoffirearmsandfirearmstraininginanairborneenvironment.
nWeaponssafetyisofextremeimportanceinairborneoperations.SWATteamsinvolvedinairborneweaponsutilizationshouldconductperiodictrainingusingtheaircraftasashootingplatform.
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
Basic swat team appendix a OperatiOnal cOmpOnents
n SWATteamsshoulddevelopresourcessufficienttofulfillthefollowingthree minimum operational components:
1. Command and Control Element
a, Planning,organizing,staffing,anddirectingtheoverallSWAToperation
b. CoordinationwiththeCrisisNegotiationsTeam
c. Liaisonwithalliedagencies
d. Missiondocumentation
e Communications
f. Medicalsupport
g. Missiondebriefings
2 Containment Element
a Control of inner perimeter
b Evacuation
c. Tacticaldeliveries(chemicalmunitions,equipment,etc.)
d. Precisionlongrifle/observerdeploymentandsupport
3. Entry/Apprehension/Rescue Element
a. Scoutingmissions
b. Breaching
c. Enter,search,andsecureobjective(s)
d. Rescueoperations
e. Subject/suspectdetention
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
appendix B Basic swat cOurse tOpics
n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforofficerswhoareassignedtoaSWAT/tacticalteam.ThetopicsaddressthebasicconceptsofSWAT,andincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Typicalscenarioswouldincludebarricadedsubjects,hostagesituations,warrantservice,activeshooters,andotherhigh-risksituations.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:
1. Introduction
a Course Objectives
b. POSTSWATProjectandGuidelines
c. historicalPerspectiveoftheSWATConcept
2 Performance Evaluation of Team Members
a. CoreCompetencyTrainingandCompliance
3. Policy Issues
a. Legalissues/CivilLiability
b. UseofForce
c. MutualAidProcedures
d. SWATPoliciesandProcedures
e. importanceofCorrectTerminology
4. Basic SWAT Concepts
a. CommonSWATResponses
b. incidentCommandandDirectSupervisionoftheSWATteam
c. SWATActivationCriteria
d. TeamCompositionandDuties
5 Psychological Considerations
a. Post-TraumaStress
b. StressManagement
c. MentalConditioningforConfrontations
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �0
Appendix B continued Basic SWAT Course Topics
contents
6. Physical Considerations
a. FitnessStandardsforSWATTeamMembers
b. LifetimeFitnessRecommendations
c. PhysicalTrainingforSWATTeamMembers
d. EmergencyMedicalProcedures
7. Overview of Individual and Team Equipment
a. UniformEquipment
b. WeaponsandFirearms
c. CommunicationsDevices
d. SupportEquipmentandTechnology
8. Operational Planning
a. importanceofPlanning
b. StructuredPlanningFormat
c Principles of Containment
d. intelligenceGathering
e. Pre-EventPlanning
f Contemporaneous Planning
g. implementation/Resolution
h. incidentDe-Briefing
9. Overview of Specialized SWAT Functions
a Canines
b. Airborne
c Crisis Negotiations
d. ExplosiveBreaching
e. LongRifle/Observer
f Rescue Operations
g. MobileAssaults
h. SWATResponsetoWMD-relatedincidents
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix B continued Basic SWAT Course Topics
contents
10. Command Post Operations
a. FieldCommandPost
b. TacticalOperationsCenter
c. MediaConsiderations
11. Individual and Team Movement
a. CoverandConcealment
b. TeamCommunications
c Overcoming Obstacles
d. PracticalApplication
12. Basic Entry and Search Techniques
a. SWATArrestandControl
b. BuildingsandStructures
c. MechanicalBreaching
d. OpenAreaSearches
e. PracticalApplication
13. Chemical Agents in SWAT Operations
a. OverviewofChemicalAgents
b Less Lethal Munitions
c. PracticalApplication
14. Diversionary Devices
a. OverviewofDiversionaryDevices
b. PracticalApplication
15. Crisis Negotiation
a. NegotiationConceptsandStrategies
b. RelationshipBetweenSWATandCrisisNegotiationTeams
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix B continued Basic SWAT Course Topics
contents
16. Individual and Team Firearms Training
a. handguns
b. Shoulder-firedWeapons
c. PracticalApplication
17. Training Scenarios and Problem-Solving Simulations
a. TableTopExercises
b. Reality-basedExercises
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
appendix c swat cOre cOmpetencies
n ThislistisintendedtoassistagenciesindeterminingareasofresponsibilityforindividualSWATteamsandindevelopinganannualSWATtrainingplan.
1. Weapons, Munitions, and Equipment
a. ArmoredVehicleOperations
b. EquipmentFamiliarizationandMaintenance
c. FirearmSkills(livefire) (1) handgun (2) Lowlight/nighttraining (3) Shoulder-firedweapons
d. individualOperator’sUniformMaintenanceandWear
e. LadderandOtherhighAngleAccess
f. LightingSystems(personal,weapons,other)
g. MechanicalBreaching (1) 12-gaugeshotgunbreaching (2) Rams,picks,pullers,etc.
h Munitions (1) Chemicalagents:Optionsanddeliverysystems (2) Lesslethalimpactmunitionsanddelivery (4) Light/sounddiversionarydevices (5) Otherlesslethaldevices
i. NightVisionEquipment
j. UseofBallisticShields
k. WeaponsMaintenance
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix C continued SWAT Core Competencies
contents
2 Individual and Team Movement/Tactics
a. ActiveShooterResponse
b. Aircraftintervention
c. BarricadedSubjectOperations
d. BoobyTraps
e. CamouflageTechniques
f. ConductingEvacuations
g. ContainmentTechniques
h. CoverandMovement
i Covert Clearing
j. DownedOfficer/CitizenRescues
k. DynamicClearing
l. EmergencyDeploymentTechniques
m Entries
n. highRiskWarrantService (1) Contain&call-outs (2) Dynamic (3) Remotetakedowns (4) Ruses,etc.
o. homicideBombers
p. immediateActionDrills
q. LongRifleinitiatedAssaults
r Night Movement
s. Rappelling(ruraland/orurban) (1) Airborne (2) Static
t Reactionary Responses
u. RescueOperations–Basic
v Rural Operations
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix C continued SWAT Core Competencies
contents
w. Scouting
x. SearchingTechniques
y. SmallUnitTactics
z. TacticalOperationCenter
aa. VehicleAssaults (1) Busassaults (2) Car/van/truckassaults
3. Decision-Making
a. MissionandTacticalContingencyPlanning
b. TrainingSimulations(scenario-basedtraining)
c. Barricadedsubject/suspect
d. highRiskWarrant(dynamic,contain&call-outs,etc.)
e. hostagesituations (1) Suicideintervention (2) Other
f. WarrantServiceWork-upsandPlanning
4. SpecializedFunctionsand/orSupportingResources
a. AirborneOperations
b. Counter-Terrorism
c Executive Protection
d. ExplosiveBreaching
e. LongRifle/Observer
f. MarijuanaGrowOperations
g. RescueOperations–Advanced
h Riot Response
i. Surveillance
j. SWATCanineintegration
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix C continued SWAT Core Competencies
contents
k. TacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport
l. TeamLeaderTraining
m. Train/TrolleyAssaults
n WaterborneOperations
o. WMDResponse
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
swat/tactical appendix d cOmmanders’ cOurse tOpics
n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforsupervisoryandcommandlevelofficerswhohaveSWAT/tacticalteamresponsibility.ThetopicsaddresstheemploymentofSWATteams,longrifles,andobservers,negotiators,containment,commandposts,andotherspecialoperationsresources.Typicaltrainingscenarioswouldincludebarricadedsubjects,hostagesituations,warrantservice,activeshooters,andotherhigh-risksituations.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:
1. Introduction
a Course Objectives
b. POSTSWATProjectandGuidelines
2 Definition of a Critical Incident
a. historyofTacticalOperations
3. Administrative Duties and Responsibilities
a. PersonnelSelectionandRetention
b. CoreCompetencyTrainingandCompliance
c. Documentation
d. PolicyandProceduresUpdateandCompliance
e. Equipment/NewTechnology
4. Legal Issues
a. CivilLiability/CaseLaw
b. UseofForce
5 Mutual Aid Procedures
a Policy
b. MOU’s
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix D continued SWAT/Tactical Commanders’ Course Topics
contents
c Communications
6. Deployment Guidelines
a. SuspectinitiatedEvents
b. DepartmentinitiatedEvents
7. Tactical Team Operations
a. WarrantService
b. hostageRescue
c. BarricadedSuspect/Subject
d. MobileSuspectinterdiction
e. OpenAreaClearing
f. SpecialtyTactics
g. ProtectionDetails
8. Command and Control
a. incidentCommand
b. TacticalCommand
9. Command Post Operations
a. DefinitionandFunctions
b. DutiesandResponsibilities
c Communications
10. Tactical Operation Procedures
a. SituationAssessment
b Operational Planning
c. ForceOptions
d. MedicalSupport
e. Briefing
f. PostOperationalDebriefing
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix D continued SWAT/Tactical Commanders’ Course Topics
contents
11. Tactical Components/Capabilities
a. SWATTeam
b. LongRifle/ObserverTeam
c. CrisisNegotiationsTeam
d. TacticalDispatch
12. Tactical Considerations/Missions
a. Containmentteam(SWATorPatrol)
b. TacticalEmergencyMedicalSupport(TEMS)
c. AirSupport
d. Evacuation
e. Arrest/ReactionTeam
f. ChemicalAgents
g Less Lethal Munitions
h. Breaching
i. ThrowPhone/FoodDelivery
j. hostageRescue
k. BombSquad
l. WMD
13. Training Scenarios and Problem-Solving Simulations
a. TableTopExercises
b. Reality-basedExercises
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �0
contents
cOre cOmpetencies appendix e FOr swat k-9 teams
n SWATK-9handler:
1. Firearmsqualificationwithassignedweapon(s)atleasttwiceperyearwithK-9incloseproximitytohandler.
2. Teamandstealthmovementtechniques(tacticalobedience)
3. Teamapproachtoobjective
4. Teamentryintoobjective
5. Directedandnon-directedtacticalsearches
6. Confinedspaceandlimitedaccessinsertionandextraction
7. Limitedaccesssearching(confinedspaces–attics,crawlspaces,vehicleinteriors,etc.)
8. Long-lineutilization
9. AbilitytorecallK-9duringtacticalsearches
10. AuditoryalertbyK-9uponlocatinginaccessiblesuspect
11. handand/oraudibledowncommandsforK-9duringtacticalsearch
12. Calm/controlledbehaviorbyK-9duringsearchexercises.
13. Calm/controlledbehaviorbyK-9withteamduringlivefireexercises
14. Operatinginachemicalagentandsmokeenvironment
15. Operatinginconjunctionwithdiversionarydevicedeployment
16. Tacticaloutandteamarrestprocedures.
17. Tacticaltrackingconsistentwithagencyprocedures
18. Suspectcontainment
19. Suspectapprehension
20. Suspectdistraction
21. Clearinghigh-riskareas(entryways,stairwells,hallways,etc.)
22. Extractionofanon-complianthigh-risksubject
23. Otherskillsconsistentwithagencymissionprofile,basedonlocalneeds
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
Basic crisis neGOtiatOr cOurse appendix F recOmmended cOurse tOpics
n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforpersonnelwhoareassignedtoaCrisisNegotiationTeam(CNT.)Thesetopicsaddressthebasicconceptsofcrisisnegotiations,andincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:
1. historicalPerspective
a. SignificantEventsAffectingEarlyNegotiations
b. ModernDayNegotiations
c. Centralizedvs.DecentralizedTeamConcepts
2. BasicNegotiationsTheory
a. Three“Cs”ofNegotiations (1) Containment (2) Control (3) Communication
3. CrisisNegotiationsTeamStructure
a. VariousAgencyStandards (1) CommandPostOperations (2) iCS (3) TacticalElement (4) Positions,Roles,Responsibilities
b Logistics (1) OnSiteSupport–CNT (2) OnSiteSupport-Tactical
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix F continued Basic Crisis Negotiator Course Recommended Course Topics
contents
c. intelligence (1) interview (2) SubjectProfile (3) informationSharing
4. incidentTypes
a.hostageSituations
b.Non-hostageSituations
c.SpecialCircumstances (1) Custodial/Correctionsincidents (2) SuicidebyCop (3) RepeatOffenders (4) LawEnforcementPersonnel
5. SubjectTypes
a. Mentalhealthissues (1) PsychologicalDisordersandDiagnosis
b. Suicide
c. interruptedCrimes
d. DomesticViolence
e. Terrorism
f. Chemicalinfluence
6. ResponseProtocol
a. TeamActivation (1) FirstResponderEvaluation (2) DepartmentPolicyissues
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix F continued Basic Crisis Negotiator Course Recommended Course Topics
contents
7. CriticalincidentAssessment
a.RiskAssessment (1) Typeofincident (2) AppropriateActiontoResolve
b. Walkawayassessment (1) ToNegotiateorNottoNegotiate
c. StockholmSyndrome
d. Victimology
e. hostageBehavior
8. Equipment
a. CNTSpecializedEquipment(UseandMaintenance)
b. Technology
9. NegotiationTechniques
a Verbal Communications (1) FacetoFace (2) ElectronicCommunications (3) ThirdPartyCommunications
10. NegotiationStrategies
a. CommunicationSkills (1) ActiveListening
b. indicatorsofProgress/Violence
c. TimeConsiderations
11. SurrenderPhase
a. Tactical/CNTCoordination
b. TransferofCommunications
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix F continued Basic Crisis Negotiator Course Recommended Course Topics
contents
12. Debriefing
a. incidentReview (1) individual (2) Team (3) Tactical/CNTJointDebriefing
b. CriticalincidentStressDebriefing (1) incidentDriven (2) individualAssessment
13. MediaRelations
a. MediaManagement (1) 409.5PC/MediaAccess (2) NoFlyZones
14. PostincidentConsiderations
a. CrimeScene (1) Evidence (2) SecuringfromtheScene
b. hOBAS/LEO
c. Documentation (1) ReportsandRecordedMaterial
15. LegalAspects
a. RiskManagement
b Ethics
c. CaseLaw
d. individualNegotiators’Resumes (1) ExpertWitness
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix F continued Basic Crisis Negotiator Course Recommended Course Topics
contents
16. TrainingScenarios/Role-Playing
a. Safety
b. GroupScenarios
c. DebriefingofScenarios (1) StudentPerformanceEvaluations
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
crisis neGOtiatiOns appendix G cOre cOmpetencies
n CNTcorecompetencieswilldiminishunlessmaintainedthroughmeaningful,recurrenttraining.Baseduponaneedsassessment,departmentpolicy,andsoundriskmanagementpractices,CrisisNegotiatorsshouldmaintainproficiencyinthecorecompetenciesdeemednecessaryfortheirlocalareaorregion:
1. CoreCompetencies:
a. Knowledgeofincidentmanagement,teamrolesandresponsibilities
b. Equipmentandtechnicalknowledge
c. Communicationsskills (1) Activelistening (2) Tacticalcommunications (3) interviewandinterrogationskills
d. Riskassessment/incidentevaluation (1) Behavioral/emotionalfactors (2) Diminishedcapacity
e. homicide/Suicideindicators
2. ExpandedListing-Knowledgeof:
a. Drug/alcohol/medicationinteractions
b. Third-partyintermediaryskills
c. Juvenileissues
d. Faith-basednegotiations
e Extremist groups
f. Mediainfluencesandeffects
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix G continued Crisis Negotiations Core Competencies
contents
g. Criticalincidentassessment(feedbacktoincidentCommander)
h. Suicidology(‘SuicidebyCop’)
i. Mentaldisorders
j. Specialcircumstances(negotiationw/knownpersons,agencypersonnel,etc.)
k. Mutualaidprotocols
l Linguistics
m. Socio-culturalawareness
n. Legalissuesandcaselawregardingcrisisnegotiations
o. Prison/jail/holdingfacilityissues
p. Afteraction/incidentreporting
q. Emergingtechnologyissues
r. Jointtrainingwithtacticalunitsandothergroups
s. Otherhighriskincidents
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
lOnG riFle/OBserver team appendix h cOurse tOpic recOmmendatiOns
n ThesecoursetopicrecommendationsaredesignedforofficerswhoareassignedtoaLongRifle/ObserverTeam.ThesetopicsaddressbasicconceptsofLongRifleTeamfunctionsandincludepracticalapplicationandproblemsolvingsimulationsaseffectivelearningmethods.Thecourseshouldincludethefollowingtopics:
1. Safetyissues
a Classroom
b Range
c Operational
2. WeaponsandEquipmentConsiderations
3. RolesandDuties
4. CommonMissionProfiles
5. Legalissues
a Use of force – policy issues
b. Casestudies
c. Documentation (1) Trainingrecords
6. FundamentalsofPrecisionShooting
a. Mentalandphysicalpreparedness
b Optics
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
Appendix H continued LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations
contents
c. Low-lightshooting
d. Fundamentalsofshootingascopedrifle (1) Zeroing (2) Coldborezeroing
f. Windandrangeestimation
g Position shooting
h. Riflecare
i. Databooks
7. Ballistics
a. internalballistics
b External ballistics (1) Environmentalfactors (2) Angleshooting
c. Terminalballistics (1) intermediatebarriershooting
8. BasicFieldcraft–UrbanandRural
a. Camouflage
b. Coverandconcealment
c. hides
d. Movement
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST �0
Appendix H continued LongRifle/ObserverTeamCourseTopicRecommendations
contents
9. Observation/CommunicationSkills
a. Observation/retentionexercises
b. intelligencegathering
c Reporting (1) Observationlog
d. Diagramming (1) Rangecards (2) Fieldsketching e. Teammembercommunications
10.Practicalapplicationandevaluation
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��
contents
tactical waterBOrne appendix i cOre cOmpetencies
1. iflimitedtoboatoperations:
a. UseandmaintenanceofaPersonalFlotationDevice
b. Basicwatersafetytechniques
c. Nightandlowlightconditions
d. Familiarizationwithvesseloperations,includingsafetybriefing
e. Smallboattactics
f. Boardingtechniquesandtactics
2. ifconductingsurfaceswimmeroperations:
a. Agency-approvedswimtest,toincludewatertread
b. Self-rescuetechniques
c. Boardingandoffloadingtechniques
3. ifconductingsub-surfaceoperations:
a. Certificationfromarecognizedcertifyingagency,includingNAUi,PADi,themilitaryorequivalent.
b. MedicalexamandcertificationforSCUBAasperCalOShAguidelines
c. CalOShAregulationspertainingtounderwateroperations
SWAT Operational Guidelines and Standardized Training Recommendations
POST ��