Post on 11-Jan-2016
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
UNEP/ROLAC - United Nations Environment Programme UNEP/ROLAC - United Nations Environment Programme - Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribeean- Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribeean
CETESB - Environmental Agency of São Paulo State, CETESB - Environmental Agency of São Paulo State, BrazilBrazil
CLEANER PRODUCTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION IN SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION IN
LATIN AMERICA AND THE LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANCARIBBEAN
Managua, Aug’2005Managua, Aug’2005
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
CETESBCETESB(www.cetesb.sp.gov.br)(www.cetesb.sp.gov.br)
Environmental protection agency of Sao Paulo state
Environmental laws – pollution sources (control and licensing / permits) and environmental quality monitoring
Headquarter + 35 subsidiaries / ~ 1.800 collaborators
São Paulo State• population: ~ 39.3 million people• area: ~ 250,000 km2
• 645 municipal districts / cities• GDP: 32.5% of Brazil’s GDP (~ US$ 200 billion)• 42.6% of Brazil’s industrial production• ~ 120,000 industries
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
CETESBCETESB(www.cetesb.sp.gov.br)(www.cetesb.sp.gov.br)
Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) Cleaner Production (CP)Cleaner Production (CP)
Signed the CP International Declaration (UNEP) CP activities
• pilot CP projects - some industry sectors (textile, bijouterie, ceramic)• reference guides (printing, bijouterie, citric juices, tanneries, breweries and soft drinks)• support to the control and licensing of companies• CP training (external and internal people)• organisation of the CP Roundtable of Sao Paulo
Sustainable Consumption (SC):Sustainable Consumption (SC): Agenda 21 - Environment Secretariat of Sao Paulo - some programs: green purchasing, socio-enviro management, rational use of water
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
TO PRESENT THE WORK
“CLEANER PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE
CARIBBEAN - PERIOD 2000 TO 2003”
BY CETESB & UNEP/ROLAC - Nov’2004
A SUMMARY OF:- DEVELOPED ACTIONS - ADVANCES AND BARRIERS - CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
MethodologyQuestionary sent to several institutions – all countries in LA&C
follow-up / compilation / organization / analysis / reviews / final report
Contributing CountriesArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Uruguay and Venezuela
96% of GDP and 92% of total population in LA&C
33 participant institutions: 54 % Gov. and 46% Non Gov.
Researched Sources UNEP, UNIDO, UNDP, OPAS, ECLAC, FSC, ISO ...
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN – CONTEXTLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN – CONTEXT
40 countries located between Mexico and South America’s Southern Tip.
Population ~ 550 million people (~ 8.5% globe); GDP ~ US$ 2 trillion (2003)
Treasuries: 30% of the global water reserves / 15% of the total area / the richest biodiversity in the world.
Natural resources endangered (biodiversity, water, soil, air)
Large economic and social inequality
Economy - slow recovery process (modest growth)
Challenges / ProblemsChallenges / Problems
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
PRINCIPAL CP INSTITUTIONS / INITIATIVESPRINCIPAL CP INSTITUTIONS / INITIATIVES
20 institutions
NCPCs - UNEP program
Info Centres of CP & SC - supported by UNEP
CP National Networks
CP Roundtables
Other - Governments, Technological Centres, Universities, Industrial Associations etc.
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
INSTITUTIONAL CP CONTEXTINSTITUTIONAL CP CONTEXTInstitutions X ActivitiesInstitutions X Activities
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
7770 67
6357
37 37
Education /Qualif ication
Cooperation /Partnership
Projects
TechnicalAssistance
Promotion PublicPolicies
Specif icPrograms
Research
% In
stitu
tions
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
EXAMPLES OF CP ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES OF CP ACTIVITIES
Partnership Projects (NCPCs, Industrial Associations)
Assistance to the SMCs - technological improvement in segments of regional importance
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
CP incorporation into legal instruments - National CP Policies, Environmental Permits (Licenses).
CP Incorporation into the productive sector - efficient water use, solid waste minimisation, efficient energy use.
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
1998 : 178 enterprises
2003: 2.034 enterprises
IS0 14.001 CERTIFICATIONIS0 14.001 CERTIFICATION
SOURCE: International Standardization Organization SOURCE: International Standardization Organization
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
PRINCIPAL SC INSTITUTIONS / INITIATIVESPRINCIPAL SC INSTITUTIONS / INITIATIVES
governments - environmental institutions; specific programs / policies / areas for sustainable development - Agenda 21 and other
associations of consumers
some businesses associations / initiatives
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
INSTITUTIONAL SC CONTEXTINSTITUTIONAL SC CONTEXTInstitutions X ActivitiesInstitutions X Activities
37
27 27
20 2017
13
Education /Qualif ication
Cooperation /Partnership
Projects
TechnicalAssistance
Promotion PublicPolicies
Specif icPrograms
Research
% In
stitu
tions
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
Programs for SC concept dissemination
SC incorporation into environmental educative campaigns
Corporate Social Responsibility
Use of green label and environmental certification
Green Purchasing
EXAMPLES OF SC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES OF SC ACTIVITIES
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
FOREST CERTIFICATIONFOREST CERTIFICATION
Total Area Certified in 2004: ~6 millions ha
Trend towards forest certification growth
SOURCE: FSC - Forest Stewardship Council SOURCE: FSC - Forest Stewardship Council
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
FOREST CERTIFICATION IN BRAZILFOREST CERTIFICATION IN BRAZIL
1 6 7 10 2143
81
135
203
173
0
50
100
150
200
250
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f O
per
atio
ns
(F
M/C
CO
)
SOURCE: FSC - Forest Stewardship Council SOURCE: FSC - Forest Stewardship Council
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
LEGISLATION AND SPC LEGISLATION AND SPC
CP – some countries:
National Policy: formulation / implementation
Environmental License: continuous improvement of
environmental performance
SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS SOURCE: QUESTIONARIES REPLIED FROM INSTITUTIONS
SC – some countries (less than CP – more discussion, less action)
environmental labelling / eco-labelling
Green Purchasing
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
ECONOMIC / FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR SPC ECONOMIC / FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR SPC
CP – some few countries:
lower or no import taxes for clean techs
funds for renewable energies / CP
lower taxes for cleaner fuels
(preferentially for SMEs)
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS CP > SC (spreading of concept and practices in LA&C)
CP - TREND TOWARDS INCREASED ACTIONS, due to
• Need for competitivity increase
• Engagement on partnerships (NCPCs + other actors)
• Advances in implementation of the Public Policies
SC - ACTIONS AT AN INITIAL STAGE - personnel
qualification and awareness of the comunity.
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
BARRIERS RECOMMENDATIONS
Difficulty of SMEs to implement CP actions To establish and implement specific strategies
Difficultty to assess environmental profits To improve environmental assessment levels
Lack of human and financial resources To increase integration of actors - capacitationincluding the financial sector
Lack of awareness about SPC
To incorporate SPC into public policies
To increase and improve dissemination of successfullexperiences about SPC
To incorporate Green Purchasing programs
To promote the use of environmental label
High social and economic inequalities and poorenvironmental education (amount / quality)
To establish and implement policies for
inequality reduction
To increase and improve basic environmentaleducation
BARRIERS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO SPC ACTIONSBARRIERS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO SPC ACTIONS
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
FULL REPORTFULL REPORT
Available in
http://www.rolac.unep.mx/industria/esp/publica/publica.htm
- Go to the topic “Producción Limpia” (Clean Production)
- Pick the document
"La Producción + Limpia y el Consumo Sustentables en América Latina y el Caribe" (pdf, in Spanish).
Sustainable Production and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean
THANK YOU!!!THANK YOU!!!