Post on 09-Aug-2020
SURGE PROTECTION
Mark GriffinSurge Protection Solution Engineer UK
Pep SolerSurge Protection Marketing Manager
North Europe, Oceania, LATAM.
FUNDAMENTALS AND SOLUTIONS FOR
STREET & ROAD LIGHTING
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications2
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications3
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications4
WHY PROTECT LED STREET LIGTHING?
• « Outdoor » installation is highly exposed to weather and other perturbances.
• A more sensible technology to electric perturbances.
• Safety and continuity of service are key in public lighting.
➢ With a reasonable investment we can:
✓ Maximize life time of equipment
✓ Minimize cost of maintenance.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications5
Inputs of LED market.
- Suppliers and final users take into account that LED Technology faces
some issues with overvoltage's in new installations.
- Main manufacturers of Fuse boxes have started integrating an SPD beside the fuseholder.
- Municipalities start making the surge protection mandatory (fuse box, luminaire) for their
street lighting LED installations.
- Even though some components in the luminaire are self-protected against overvoltage's; these
systems are not enough against lightning surges. Consequently many LED luminaire
manufacturers already integrate an SPD before the driver.
They prescribe protection in order to extend the warranty of the luminaire (panel, pole fuse box…)
- Maintenance savings: An SPD is 4 times cheaper than the driver of the luminaire.
When the protection gets to end-of-life, it needs to be replaced.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications6
MERSEN experience
A common work of development has been together with Philips, and now they prescribe our
solution for street lighting in a white paper that is published on the Philips website.
White paper – Street
Lightning Philips
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications7
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications8
Transient overvoltages are voltage surges that can reach tens of kilovolts with a duration of
the order of microseconds.
The energy content can cause:
• premature aging of electronic components.
• Equipment failure.
• Disruptions to service and financial loss.
WHAT ARE OVERVOLTAGE SURGE?
ARE THESE KA
COMPARABLE
TO POWER
FREQUENCY KA
(50 HZ)?
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications9
ORIGIN OF OVERVOLTAGES
Current wave 10/350
Conduction
Current wave 8/20Comparison 10/350 vs 8/20
S2: Induced overvoltage
S4: Induced overvoltage on the power supply lines
S0: Switching based overvoltage
S1: Direct impact of lightning in luminaire.
S3: Direct impact on power line.
Induction
MAIN SOURCE
OF SURGE!!!
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications10
HOW SPDS WORK?
Normal voltage = Very high resistance
Over voltage = Low Resistance
= High through current
10kA In(20kA) Imax(40kA)1kA
SPD real behavior – uncertainty
region
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications11
8 kV
4 kV
Oudoor LED luminaire robustness:• Some components in the luminaire are self-protected against overvoltages, but this is not
enough against lightning surges. Standards recommend 6-10 kV protection.
• It is a must that external SPDs have to coordinate with these internal elements to
guarantee the protection.
4 kV
8 kV
10 kV
ROBUSTNESS CLASSIFICATION / NEED OF COORDINATIONFOR ELECTRIC & ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications12
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications13
KEY SURGE PARAMETERS
The following are the most crucial in terms of application and
technical feature comparison:
• Robustness:
• Nominal current (In)
• Maximum current (Imax)
• Impulse current (Iimp)
• Protection level/rating (Up or VPR)
• Installation features:• Maximum continuous operation voltage (Uc)
• Number of poles
• Remote indication
• Common mode & differential mode
• …
THESE
CLASSIFY
SPD TYPES
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications14
IEC 61643 MAIN SPD CHARACTERISTICS
1- Robustness:
Iimp Maximum current the SPD is able to
withstand 1 time in 10/350
Imax Maximum current the SPD is able to
withstand 1 time in 8/20
In Maximum 8/20 peak current the SPD is
able to withstand around 20 times
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications15
SPD CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO IEC-61643-11 STANDARD
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications16
MAIN SPD CHARACTERISTICS
2- Level of
protection:Up Residual voltage between terminals after a
nominal current discharge (only for IEC 61643.1)
UcMaximum continuous operation voltage can be
applied permanently to the terminals of the
protection device
Others… Number of poles, configuration, remote
indication…
3- Where to
install:
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications17
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications18
Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
1- Robustness:
The Iimp/Imax and In show the robustness of the SPD, but the real surge currents
are lower.
The Typical Surge Current (Ityp) is the value that statistically the SPD faces in
real life. The value depends on the level of exposure:
Ityp Typical surge current
HIGH EXPOSED
LOCATIONS:
LOW EXPOSED LOCATIONS OR
SWITCHING SURGES:
Ityp = 20kA 8/20 Ityp = 5kA 8/20
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications19
MAIN SPD Characteristics
Robustness:
To estimate the lifetime of the SPD is a must in order to guarantee the protection.
The SPD must be designed in order to pass the test of the standards, but
furthermore to guarantee a great performance in real life.
THE LIFETIME IS DESCRIBED WITH THE NUMBER OF HITS that the SPD is able
to withstand at Typical Surge Current (Ityp).
The minimum lifetime values that we must ask for are:
• HIGH EXPOSED LOCATIONS: 100-200 peaks
• LOW EXPOSED LOCATIONS OR INTERNAL SURGES: 500 peaks
It is important to highlight that in an electrical storm there are hundreds/Thousands of strikes.
The most common surges still come from the switching devices of the installations.
Life time of the SPDs
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications20
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications21
MAIN SPD Characteristics
BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH Edition
The 18th Edition opens the need for installing surge protection in a very broad spectrum from
public, commercial or industrial activities to, even consumer unit applications depending on
the circumstances.
A step ahead for surge protection:
Where is surge protection required?
Section 443. Protection against transient overvoltages of atmospheric origin or due to
Switching states that protection against transient overvoltages shall be provided where the
consequence caused by overvoltages could:
▪ Result in serious injury to or loss of, human life, or
▪ Result in interruption of public services and/or damage to cultural heritage or,
▪ Result in interruption of commercial or industrial activity, or
▪ Affect a large number of co-located individuals.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications22
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications23
SELECTING A SURGE DIVERTER, HOW AND WHERE TO START
THE PROTECTION DESIGN? (BS7671 /18TH ED. SECTION 534.4 “SELECTION AND
INSTALLATION OF SPDS)
Feeder pillar
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications24
≤ 25kA (In) 100kA (Imax)
Ue: 6 kV
BUT…HOW CAN WE
PROTECT IN THESE
CASES?
CASCADING
METHOD!
SELECTION OF SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
ZONE OF
PROTECTION
100kA (>Imax)
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications25
1Street lighting panel2 Mast
LED Street lighting application CASCADING METHOD
3 Luminaire
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications26
LED Street lighting application
LuminaireType 1+2 Iimp:12,5kA
Panel
STM SLIM FB
Fuse-box
Luminaire
1
2
3
First an initial protection stage should
be installed in the lighting panel with
the installation of a sturdy protector
with the duty to discharge the energy.
The remaining overvoltage has to be
reduced/limited by the following stage
Afterwards a 2nd stage of protection should be
installed as close as possible to the luminaire
providing fine protection to complement the first
stage
1
2
CASCADING METHOD
STPT12-12,5
Type 2+3 Imax: 10 kA
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications27
1
Solutions of protection
STPT12-12,5 STPT12-12,5
Type 1
tests
Peak
current
Number
of tests
12,5kA (L-N)
50kA (N-PE)
1 (Iimp)
Type 2
tests
65kA (L-N)
65kA (N-PE)
1 (Imax)
20kA (L-N)
50kA (N-PE)
20 (In)
20kA (L-N)
20kA (N-PE)
100
200
Street lighting panel:
Type 1+2 Iimp:12,5kA
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications28
Fuse box SPD:
2
• Second step of protection
• SPD Type C+D Imax up to 10kA
• Ultra-compact
• Disconnection with end-of-life
Status indicator
• TT, TN,
• Series or Parallel connection
2
2
Solutions of protection
2STM SLIM FB
Type 2+3 Imax: 10 kA
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications29
SPDs in the pole can be connected in two ways:
Series:
Priority is protection, if an SPD reaches end-of-life, the luminaire is disconnected.
Parallel:
Priority is continuity of service, if an SPD reaches end-of-life, visual indication of SPD becomes
red but the luminaire remains on.
Priority is
protection
Series or parallel connection
Priority is
continuity of
service
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications30
1. Why protect LED street lighting / MERSEN experience
2. Introduction to surge protection & the operation of Surge
Protection Device (SPD)
3. SPD features based on the Standard IEC 61643
4. Typical Current (Ityp), beyond the Standard
5. BS 7671: 2018 / 18TH edition
6. SPD placement. LED street lighting application (BS7671 /18th Ed. Section 534.4 “Selection and installation of SPDs)
• Where and how to start?
• Cascading concept
7. Testing experience
TOPICS OF SURGE PROTECTION
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications31
STM SLIM FB Lab tests description.
10 meters of wire
Luminaire 1: SCHREDER 1 nos AMPERAMAXI 128
LED 5700K 5518/198w + PHILIPS XI LP 150W 0,2-0,7A
+ SPD VOOSLOH SPC3/230/10K
Luminaire 2: AEC Iluminazione, Italo 1 Basic 0R3,
STE-S 4,7-4M, 107W, IP66, 1-10V Dimmable driver
PHILIPS XI LP 75W 0,2-0,7A + SPD PHILIPS
EXX166001000
Luminaire 3: SCHREDER 1 nos AMPERAMAXI 112
LED 5103K 5103/174w + PHILIPS XI LP 150W 0,2-0,7A
+ SPD PHILIPS EXX166001000
Test Description:
Three sample LED luminaires were tested at the independent “Lightning
Research Institute of Catalonia” to IEC 62475 – High Current Test
Techniques.
Part of this testing involves the sample LED’s having to withstand 15
impulses in 8/20 waveform at 5kA (declared as nominal current by the
manufacturer).
The Mersen SPD was fitted within the TOFCO Cut-Out Unit and wired up
to the LED lantern.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications32
STM SLIM FB Lab tests description.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications33
STM SLIM FB Lab tests results & conclusions.
1- All the samples have withstood the 15 impulses and worked properly after testing.
2- 94% of the surge current was clamped and discharged to earth via the Cut-Out SPD, this
assures that there is coordination between the Cut-Out SPD and the LED SPD, preventing
damage to the electronic driver and luminaire.
Results:
Conclusions:
1- The installation of the additional SPD unit in the Cut-Out provided the protection required to
protect the LED luminaire.
2- Advantage of using the above SPD solution:
• LED is protected and better guaranteed.
• Life of LED increased.
• Maintenance is reduced and the need to visit site to replace damaged SPD within the
luminaire is removed, saving on time and traffic management costs.
• Any maintenance issues are at the base of the lighting pole, instead of at high level
requiring road closure.
• In the event of “end of life” of the cut-out SPD unit, the power to the LED lantern is
disconnected as it is wired in series, again protecting the LED.
• The condition of the SPD can be visually checked through the cut-out window, if the
green indicator is on the SPD is operational, if the LED is off, the SPD had done its job
and requires replacing.
• Cut-Out unit is tested to IP54 & fully insulated.
Fundamentals of Surge protection and main applications34