Post on 21-Jul-2015
Murali Krishna GummaRS-GIS laboratory
Resilient Dryland Systems
ICRISAT, PatancheruKSI, May 08th , 2015
Supporting the mission of ICRISAT using
Geospatial tools
Identifying the opportunities for intensifying drylands
RS/GIS team
South Asia
Anthony WhitbreadMurali K GummaIrshad AhmedDeepika UppalaIsmail Rafi
ESA
Andre Van RooenAlbert ChirimaGizachew Legasse
WCA
PCS Traore & Team
Outline
1. How Geospatial data can contribute to agricultural research?
2. Crop type / crop intensity mapping / changes
3. Contributions to CRPs
Geospatial products for the SAT
Research groups• Breeders• System modelers• Social scientists• Hydrologists• Planning departments
Crop type / intensity maps
Land use changes
Tracking adoption of NRM Technologies
Spatial modeling(Prioritization)
Simulated yield estimations and impact
Crop LGP
Abiotic stresses
Impact assessment
Satellite Spatial resolution (m) Spectral bands Pixels/ha $/Sq.km
AVHRR 1000 4 0.01 Free
MODIS 500/250 36 (7) 0.04 FreeLandsat ETM+ 30 7 11.1 Free
Landsat 8* 30 11 11.1 FreeNAIP-AP 1 1 10000 Free
AWiFS 56.5 4 207 0.01
IRS Liss3 23.5 4 18.1 0.15
ASTER 15 4 44.4 0.04
IRS Liss4 5.6 3 400 1.19
RapidEye 5 5 400 1.23
IKNONOS 4 3 625 5.02
Cartosat1 2.5 PAN 1600 6.59
GeoEye1 2 4 2500 12.05
SPOT 10 4 100 1.01
Remote sensing imagery: Global to local at resolution
* Landsat 8 effective from March 2013 (up to date free satellite images)
…..so we now get very high quality data (e.g., Landsat 8 for free!!!).
Field to global scale mapping WS level @ 1m
Global scale @ 10km
China
Soviet Union
India
Iran
Mongolia
Pakistan
Burma
Afghanistan
Thailand
Indonesia
Laos
Oman
Japan
Vietnam
Nepal
Papua N Guin
Malaysia
Cambodia
Bangladesh
Korea D P Rp
Korea Rep
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Bhutan
Untd Arab Em Taiwan
Brunei
Australia
150°0'0"E
150°0'0"E
120°0'0"E
120°0'0"E
90°0'0"E
90°0'0"E
60°0'0"E
60°0'0"E
30°0
'0"N
30°0
'0"N
0°0
'0"
0°0
'0"
Continental wise – Asia @ 500mRegional – Africa @250m
River basin – Krishna @ 30m Country – Ghana @ 30m
30 m
Asia rice map (2010)
01. Rainfed - rice
02. Irrigated - surface water-rice
03. Irrigated - groundwater - rice
04. Irrigated - conjunctive use - rice
Legend
level3_50cls-to-14cls_atankwidi.img
Class_Names
Barrenlands lands
Barrenlands mix with Rangleands
Irrigated-Shallow Groundwater-Vegetables
Rainfed-LS-mixed crops
Rainfed-MS-mixed crops
Rangelands mix with fallows, Short shrubs
Rangelands-Rainfed fallows
Rangelnads Mix with Barren ladns
Riverbed and bare soils
Savannah, Forest (Trees)
Savannah, Trees, Short shrubs
Settlements
Short shrubs, trees
Water bodies
http://www.croplands.org/
Methods and approaches for mapping
cropland extent
Feb 2011_MVC Mar 2011_MVC Apr 2011_MVC May 2011_MVC
Temporal satellite images(MODIS 250m)Rescaled NDVI
0 1
Jan 2014 Feb 2014 Mar 2014 Apr 2014
May 2014 Jun 2014 Jul 2014 Aug 2014
Sep 2014 Oct 2014 Nov 2014 Dec 2014
Ground data collection
Band1 17-Jan-14
Band2 18-Feb-14
Band3 18-Mar-14
Band4 18-Apr-14
Band5 18-May-14
Band6 18-Jun-14
Band7 18-Jul-14
Band8 18-Aug-14
Band9 18-Sep-14
Band10 18-Oct-14
Band11 18-Nov-14
Band12 18-Dec-14
Band13 2-Jan-15
Band14 18-Jan-15
Band15 2-Feb-15
Band16 18-Feb-15
Band17 5-Mar-15
Ideal Spectral signatures
Mapping crop land areas in Africa(2014)
Major crops (2014)
01. Rainfed-sc-sorghum
02. Rainfed-sc-millets/sorghum
03. Rainfed-sc-groundnut
04. Rainfed-sc-pigeonpea
05. Rainfed-SC-maize/sorghum/millet
06. Other crops
Land use / land cover Area (ha)
01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops 6372292
02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum 1815141
03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize 2001659
04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly 2479437
05.Rainfed mixed Crops (vegetables etc) 3245085
06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS 742929
07.Irrigated_mixedcrops 3885358
08.Rainfed_Rice 425107
09.Rangeland/fallow 8707126
10.Range lands/Shrublands 31388136
11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress 33157504
12.Barenlands/Sanddunes 13747506
13.Forest 4671170
14.Waterbodies 697645
15.Builtup 40946
11,33,77,041
Level5_mod250_2014_lulc_15cls.img
01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops
02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum
03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize
04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly
05.Rainfed mixed Crops
06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS
07.Irrigated_mixedcrops
08.Rainfed_Rice
09.Rangeland/fallow
10.Range lands/Shrublands
11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress
12.Barenlands/Sanddunes
13.Forest
14.Waterbodies
15.Builtup
Mapping crop land areas in Ethiopia (2014)
Gumma et al., (Preparation)
Gonji qolella
East site
West site
LULC Mapping in Ethiopia (Amhara region)
Mapping crop land areas in Malawi (2014)(Gumma et al., Prep)
Mapping crop land areas in Tanzania
Mapping crop land areas in Mali (2014)
Land Use Land Cover changes in Kani Village of Mali(1991, 2002 and 2013)
Birhanu & Gumma., 2015SC = Single crop
Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
Methods and approaches
Spatial analysis for
Prioritization
Gumma et al., 2015
1st Priority
Prioritization of watersheds: Semi-arid tropcs
!
!
Adulala
Kechema
Gumma et al., 2014
Methods and approaches for delineating groundwater potential zones
Gumma et al., 2013
Inland valley area and % area cultivated in Ghana
1. IV wetland area: 11.4 %
(2,714,946 hectares) of the
total geographic area of
Ghana which is 23,853,300
hectares.
2. IV wetland cultivation:
< 5% (130,000 ha) of IV
wetlands are currently
cultivated.
Color key
Colors indicate
characteristically
similar inland valley
wetlands in
biophysical terms.
Gumma et al., 2009
Total land area = 446 MhaTotal cropland area = 205 Mha
Croplands of South Asia 2014-2015
Land use / land cover (area in 000'ha): 2014-15
01. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Rice-Fallows/Mixedcrops (4477)
02. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Wheat-Pulses (219)
03. Irrigated-TC-Rice/Mixedcrops-Rice-Rice/Mixedcrops (3046)
04. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Rice (6975)
05. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Wheat/Chickpea (21358)
06. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Maize/Beans/Pulses (8293)
07. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Sorghum-Pulses/Chickpea (2238)
08. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Maize/Beans-Mixedcrops (3697)
09. Irrigated-DC-Cotton/Pigeonpea-Mixedcrops (2686)
10. Irrigated-DC-Beans-Mustard (1427)
11. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Maize-Wheat/Chickpea (11554)
12. Irrigated-Conjunctive-DC-Millet/Sorghum/Beans-Wheat/Chickpea (17212)
13. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pigeonpea-Chickpea/Mixedcrops (141)
14. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pulses-Wheat/Chickpea/Mixedcrops (4812)
15. Irrigated-DC-Sorghum/Maize/Beans/Gnut-Wheat/Chickpea (22699)
16. Irrigated-DC-vegetables/rice- fallow (225)
17. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops-Chickpea (9898)
18. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops/Sugarcane (8221)
19. Rainfed-DC-Rice-Fallows (2176)
20. Rainfed-DC-Maize-Pigeonpea (102)
21. Rainfed-Rice/Maize/Mixedcrops (5107)
22. Rainfed-SC-Cotton/Pigeonpea/Chilli/Mixedcrops (21511)
23. Rainfed-SC-Wheat/Mustard/Chickpea (1142)
24. Rainfed-SC-Maize/Beans/Mixedcrops (5050)
25. Rainfed-SC-Millet/Beans/Sorghum/Fallow (32793)
26. Rainfed-SC-Sorghum/Millet/Maize/Rice (4885)
27. Rainfed-SC-Pulses/Fallows (16516)
28. Rainfed-SC-Mustard/Maize/Chickpea-mix (500)
29. Rainfed-SC-Mixedcrops (4709)
30. Irrigated-SC-Sugarcane/Banana (4141)
31. Rangelands/Shrublands/Rainfed-Fallows (19328)
32. Barrenlands/Shrublands/Wastelands (104544)
33. Forest (89149)
34. Waterbodies (1818)
35. Built-up (3336)
ICRISAT Mandate crops in South Asia
Class_Name
Millet (5348103 hectares)
Kharif + Rabi sorghum ( 4322140 hectares)
ICRISAT Crops (2013-14)
Sorghum
Millets
Groundnut
Pigeonpea
Chickpea
Groundnut (774300 hectares)
Groundnut (1.67 Mha)
Chickpea crop extent: India
Land use / land cover (2014-15)
Rainfed - supplemental - chickpea
Irrigated - croplands
Rainfed - croplands
Water bodies
Urban areas
Other LULC
Rice – fallows (rabi fallows) in India (2014-15)
level6_2014-15_rice-fallow-12cls.img
01. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallows
02. Rainfed-supplemental-rice-fallows
03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-fallows
04. Rainfed-SC-rice/mixedcrops-fallow
05. Rainfed-DC-rice-pupses
06. Irrigated-DC-rice-pulses
07. Irrigated-DC-rice-rice
08. Irrigated-DC-rice-wheat/maize
09. Irrigated-TC-rice-rice-mixed crops
10. Irrigated-SC-banana/rice/sugarcane
11. Rainfed-Lowlands-rice
12. Rainfed-SC-mixedcrops-fallows
13. Other LULC
14. Water bodies
15. Urban areas
CountryNet rice area
(000'ha)
Rainfed- rice-fallows (000'ha)
Irrigated-rice-fallows
(000'ha)
Pakistan 2,173 23 2
Nepal 1,665 13 102
Bhutan 28 0 2
Bangladesh 8,306 83 2,275
Sri Lanka 744 2 2
India 43,439 4,941 3,258
Identifying rice-fallows
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Dec-11 Feb-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Dec-12
No
ma
lize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
ve
ge
tatio
n in
de
x
Month
LSWI NDVI
Fallow window Summer rice Monsoon rice
Crop intensity
Crop intensity
Single crop
Double crop
Triple crop
Kharif: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Kharif)
01. Jun-Oct
02. Jun-Nov
03. Jul-Sep
04. Jul-Oct
05. Jul-Nov
06. Jul-Dec
07. Aug-dec
Rabi: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Rabi)
01. Oct-Feb
02. Oct-Jan
03. Nov-Apr
04. Nov-Feb
05. Dec-Mar
06. Dec-Apr
07. Jan-Mar
08. Feb-Apr
Summer: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Summer)
01. Feb-Apr
02. Feb-May
03. Mar-Jun
Planting dates
Planting dates
01. Jun, 1st to 30th
02. Jul, 1st to 15th
03. Jul, 16th to 30th
04. Aug, 1st to 15th
05. Aug, 16th to 30th
06. Sept, 1st to 15th
07. Sept, 16th to 30th
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jun-14
ND
VI &
LS
WI
Date
NDVI LSWI
PlantingHarvesting
Temporal changes due to various stresses in agriculture areas
Abiotic stresses
Flood damage
Mild drought
Moderate drought
Severe drought
Abiotic stresses: 2002
a) Abiotic stresses
Abiotic stresses
Flood damage
Mild drought
Moderate drought
Severe droughtGumma et al., 2014
Mapping crop land areas in Myanmar (2013 -14)
Land use / land cover
01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice-LS
02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-LS
03. Rainfed-DC-rice-pulses-LS
04. Rainfed/irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS
05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops
06. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs)
07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixedcrops
08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixedcrops
09. Water bodies
10. Built-up lands
11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land cover
Land use / land cover Area (ha)
01. Rainfed - lowlands-flood-rice-LS 407230
02. Rainfed - SC-rice-fallow-LS 788431
03. Rainfed - DC-rice-pulses-LS 3233464
04. Rainfed / irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS 1813600
05. Irrigated - SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops 417852
06. Rainfed – SC - mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs) 5547140
07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixed crops 777788
08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixed crops 3400884
099. Water bodies 574173
10. Built-up lands 96840
11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land cover 50222483
Net rice area 6,660,577
Gross rice area 8,474,177
Pulses area 3,651,316
Pulses
Potential areas for grain legumes: Myanmar
Regions / Province
Rice-fallows
(ha)
Ayeyarwady 33900
Bago East 13204
Bago West 36078
Chin 1017
Kachin 10618
Kayah 4560
Kayin 5026
Magway 70722
Mandalay 91006
Mon 4683
Rakhine 25353
Sagaing 281352
Shan (East) 3131
Shan (North) 14697
Shan (South) 43250
Tanintharyi 2756
Yangon 25877
Expansion of Chickpea in AP
Land use / land cover
Groundnut / sorghum / fallows
Maize / mixed crops
Cotton-chilli
Orchards / mixed crops
Rice-mixed crops
Other LULC
Chickpea
Year 2000-01 Year 2012-13
389,361 ha
558,713 ha
Expansion of Chickpea
DistrictsArea (ha)
MODIS-2000 MODIS-2005 Modis-2012
Anantapur 34777 51304 84493
Cuddapah 30343 69258 117903
Kurnool 68113 140511 196793
Prakasam 35129 128288 159524
168362 389361 558713
168,362 ha
Gumma et al., (review)
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
Land use / land cover changes at the action sites
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
Land use / land cover at the action sites
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
No data
1 - 750
751 - 1,500
1,501 - 2,000
2,001 - 2,805
No data
1,001 - 2,000
2,001 - 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
> 4,000
Crop Wet Biomass (Nandihal )
Crop Wet Biomass(Mannur and Balaganur)
Biomass estimation (Bijapur sites)
Contribution to CRP: Water, land and ecosystems
Land use / land cover maps for the action sitesRice growing areas (2012-13)
01. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-TP
02. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice (50%)-TP
03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-DS
04. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-TP
05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-moxedcrops/fallow-DS
06. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-DS
07. Rainfed-supplemental-SC-rice/mixedcrops-TP
08. Irrigated-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP
09. Rainfed-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP/DS
10. Plantaions/orchards
11. Water bodies
12. Urban areas
Other land use / land cover
Districts
Net rice area: 1.1 mha
Gumma et al., (review)
SIRVAR
KAVITAL
MANVI
KALLUR
Transplanted Rice (25-30 days crop)
Direct Seeded Rice (30-35 days crop)
Land use / land cover (2014)
01. Rainfed-SC-rice
02. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops, rice / shrubs mix
03. Rainfed-supplemental-DC-rice-pulses
04. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops/shrubs mix
05. Rangelands / fallows
06. Shrub lands / Rainfed-SC-mixed crops
07. Shrub lands/forest
08. Forests
09. Waterbodies / wetlands
10. Built-up lands
Note: SC = Single crop; DC= Double crop
Mapping crop land areas in Laos (2014) Contribution to CRP: CCAFS
Conclusions
• Mapped agriculture areas for Asia and Africa
• Conducted intensive ground data for priority countries
• Tested methods at country level
• Support to multidisciplinary teams
Next steps
1. Map cropland areas for Africa
2. Develop automated techniques using open source software
3. Dissemination of geospatial outputs across institute
4. Conducting capacity building courses at institute wide
5. Collaborations with other CG centres and other research organizations
Thank you