Subsurface Drip IrrigationSubsurface Drip Irrigation

ROOTGUARD® - the best for SDIROOTGUARD® - the best for SDI

SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATIONSUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION

ADVANTAGES OF SDIADVANTAGES OF SDI

Equipment protection Equipment protection

Roots development Roots development

PP

PP KK

KK

NN

NN

PP PPKKKK

NNNN

Direct roots feeding Direct roots feeding

Weed control Weed control

Water infiltration Water infiltration

Salinity Salinity

Wastewater and reused water Wastewater and reused water

Yield Yield Maintenance Maintenance

Plant disease caused by moisture Plant disease caused by moisture

Efficiency of water use Efficiency of water use

SOIL PENETRATION SOIL PENETRATION Creation of vacuum pressure in the tubeswhile laterals are emptied may cause a suctionof water and mud into the lateral throughthe dripper hose in sloped laterals.

Creation of vacuum pressure in the tubeswhile laterals are emptied may cause a suctionof water and mud into the lateral throughthe dripper hose in sloped laterals.

PREVENTION OF SOIL PENETRATIONPREVENTION OF SOIL PENETRATION

Installation of vacuum/air relief valves in high placesInstallation of vacuum/air relief valves in high places

ROOT INTRUSION ROOT INTRUSION Roots will grow and move into areas where wateravailability is high, therefore will find their wayinto the dripper through the dripper hose

Roots will grow and move into areas where wateravailability is high, therefore will find their wayinto the dripper through the dripper hose

Root intrusion and Dripper’s clogging

ROOTGUARD®ROOTGUARD®

Geoflow range of ROOTGUARD® products:

Pc emitters:Adi rootguard® 16,18,20mm ,- 1.6, 2.2, 3.5 l/h.Vered rootguard® 16,17,20mm - 2.0, 3.5 l/h.Vardit/Inbar/Assif rootguard® 16,17,20,22, 25mm- 0.9, 1.2,, 1.6, 2.1 and 3.4l/h.

Turbulent emitters:Ultra rootguard® 16,20mm - 2, 3, 4, 8 l/h.LIN rootguard® 12,16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm – 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 4l/h.Idit rootguard® 16mm – 1.4, 2.3, 3.1, 4.3 l/h.

Geoflow range of ROOTGUARD® products:

Pc emitters:Adi rootguard® 16,18,20mm ,- 1.6, 2.2, 3.5 l/h.Vered rootguard® 16,17,20mm - 2.0, 3.5 l/h.Vardit/Inbar/Assif rootguard® 16,17,20,22, 25mm- 0.9, 1.2,, 1.6, 2.1 and 3.4l/h.

Turbulent emitters:Ultra rootguard® 16,20mm - 2, 3, 4, 8 l/h.LIN rootguard® 12,16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm – 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 4l/h.Idit rootguard® 16mm – 1.4, 2.3, 3.1, 4.3 l/h.

Dripper that incorporate Balan® into its material.The Balan® is released in controlled manner to the soil formany years and provides a full protection from root intrusion

Dripper that incorporate Balan® into its material.The Balan® is released in controlled manner to the soil formany years and provides a full protection from root intrusion

2ppm2ppm

ROOTGUARD® - PROCESS DEMONSTRATION 25ROOTGUARD® - PROCESS DEMONSTRATION 25

Balan® is released as a gas through the exit hole and the pipe walls. The release rate depends onthe concentration of Balan® in the soil.There is no dependence in water flow through the pipe.

Balan® is released as a gas through the exit hole and the pipe walls. The release rate depends onthe concentration of Balan® in the soil.There is no dependence in water flow through the pipe.

MACHINE FOR SDI INSTALLATIONMACHINE FOR SDI INSTALLATION

Machine characteristics: Modularity Adjustment to various driplines (wall thickness, diameter) Accurate control on installation depth Minimal disturbance to soil structure Simple operation and maintenance

Machine characteristics: Modularity Adjustment to various driplines (wall thickness, diameter) Accurate control on installation depth Minimal disturbance to soil structure Simple operation and maintenance

SDI INSTALLATIONSDI INSTALLATION

Key points for proper installationKey points for proper installation

4. Straight lines4. Straight lines

2. Uniformity of depth2. Uniformity of depth

1. Protection of laterals1. Protection of laterals

3. Protection of soil structure3. Protection of soil structure

BURIAL STAGESBURIAL STAGES

2. Marking the points for lateral laying2. Marking the points for lateral laying

3. Fixation of the lateral beginnings3. Fixation of the lateral beginnings

4. Laying process using a dedicated tool4. Laying process using a dedicated tool

6. Furrow digging for distributor and flush pipe6. Furrow digging for distributor and flush pipe

10. Flushing the laterals10. Flushing the laterals

8. Connecting the system to water supply8. Connecting the system to water supply

9. “Water test”9. “Water test”

11. Covering the pipes and compacting the soil11. Covering the pipes and compacting the soil

7. Laying the pipes7. Laying the pipes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Option - furrow digging for distributor or flush pipe1. Option - furrow digging for distributor or flush pipe

5. Repeating laying process for all laterals5. Repeating laying process for all laterals

SoilSoil

HeavyHeavyMediumMediumLightLight

SOIL PARAMETERSSOIL PARAMETERS

Water retention HighLow

Emitters spacing BigSmall

Water movement

~ 35%~ 15%Volumetric field capacity

Burial depth Up to 50 cmUp to 30 cm

Definition High clay contentHigh sand content

100%

40%

30%

20%

10%

90%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Sand

100%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

Cla

y

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Siltheavy clay

Sandy loamsand

silt loam

light clay

clay loam

loam

medium clay

sand

y cl

ay

International triangle for soil texture classificationInternational triangle for soil texture classification

Example:30% Clay10% Sand60% Silt

Silt loamSilt loam

WATER MOVEMENT IN SOILWATER MOVEMENT IN SOIL

Capillary Gravity

Heavy soil

On soil

SDI

Soil hydraulic potential:Gravity potential - yg - work for a mass unit needed for a vertical change in water level in a constant pressure.

Pressure potential - yp - equals to matrix / capillary potential. The amount of work needed to move pure water for a tank to the soil.

Soil hydraulic potential:Gravity potential - yg - work for a mass unit needed for a vertical change in water level in a constant pressure.

Pressure potential - yp - equals to matrix / capillary potential. The amount of work needed to move pure water for a tank to the soil.

CROPS PARAMETERSCROPS PARAMETERS

CropCrop

VinesVinesRow cropsRow cropsCover cropsCover crops TreesTrees

Types AvocadoCitrusDeciduousBananas

Wine grapesFresh (table)Raisins (dried)

Annual (cotton)Perennial(Asparagus)

AlfalfaGrass

Soil cultivation

Single timeSingle timeSingle timeannually

Single timeannually

Crop life span Dozens of years

More than 10 years

1/2-7 years?

Line spacing 21/2-31/2 m 5-8 m1 m-

Roots depth 1-2 m 1/2-2 m1/2-1 m1/2-1 m

PRD - PARTIAL ROOTZONE DRYING

New irrigation method for grapevines based onsdi systems and enables control on stomata closure.results: water saving, yield quality improvement, quality wines.

New irrigation method for grapevines based onsdi systems and enables control on stomata closure.results: water saving, yield quality improvement, quality wines.

Drying side

Irrigatingside Water deficiency

Abcisic acid (aba)production in roots

Reducing aperture of the stomata

Aba transportingTo the leaves

Pistachio - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1998)

Vineyard - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1996)Vineyard - ROOTGUARD®(California, USA 1996)

Lemon orchardROOTGUARD®Lemon orchardROOTGUARD®

JojovaROOTGUARD®

JojovaROOTGUARD®

VineyardROOTGUARD®VineyardROOTGUARD®

SDI + plastic mulching

SDI in Row crops

SDI – Row Crops

SDI – Row Crops

SDI + Soil Mulching

MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCELateralsLaterals

• Lateral flushing• Filter cleaning• Chlorine treatments• Acid treatments

• Lateral flushing• Filter cleaning• Chlorine treatments• Acid treatments

Balan®Balan®

• Manual injection if ROOTGUARD® is not used• Manual injection if ROOTGUARD® is not used

Re-trackingRe-tracking

• Annual field crops• Annual field crops

Not just water – mechanization! (working on Not just water – mechanization! (working on dry surface)dry surface)

Not just water - Fertigation

N

P

K

N

N N

P

P

P

K

KK

Not just water - Fertigation

$

$

$

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$$

About 50% savings

$

$

$

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$$

THE FUTURETHE FUTUREIs there enough water?Is there enough water?

70-75% farming 10% industry 15-20% domestic

THE FUTURETHE FUTURECan we change the paradigm?Can we change the paradigm?

90-92% of domesticConsumption flows to the sewage systems!

WASTEWATER DISPERSAL THROUGH SDI

WASTEWATER DISPERSAL THROUGH SDI

• Transform a liability into a resource

• No hazard of direct contact with pathogens

• No odors

• Less investment in single houses, isolated facilities, farms, small villages.

• Negligible operation costs, may even be negative cost (i.e.: pulp, forage production)

WASTEFLOWTM DRIPLINESWASTEFLOWTM DRIPLINES

ROOTGUARD® SLOW DRAIN EMITTER

ANTIBACTERIAL + SLIPPERY INNER LAYER

PURPLE STRIPEFOR IDENTIFICATION

Thanks for your attention

Thanks for your attention

!!