SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES

Dr. Vijay Marakala, MBBS, MD.

Assistant professor BIOCHEMISTRY SIMS & RC

CYTOPLASM AND ITS ORGANELLES

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus Mitochondria

Lysosomes Peroxisomes

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM• Network of interconnecting membranes

Rough ER Smooth ER

Rough ER Smooth ER

FUNCTION OF ER

Ribosomes are the site of Protein synthesis

Site of post-translational modifications of proteins

ROUGH ER Steroid

hormone synthesis

Site of metabolism of certain drugs

SMOOTH ER

RIBOSOMES

Made up of proteins and rRNA.

Either attached to ER or float freely in the cytoplasm.

Consisting of two subunits- large and small subunits.

GOLGI APPARATUS

Network of flattened smooth membranes and vesicles.

Golgi Apparatus

Function:

Maturation of synthesized proteins.

Protein sorting, packaging and secretion

LYSOSOMES

Lysosome

They are spherical membrane bound structure containing hydrolytic enzymes

Function

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules, phagocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis.

Degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides

Lysosomes

PEROXISOMES

Peroxisomes are granular matrix.

They contain peroxidases and

catalases

Detoxification : destroy unwanted

peroxides and other free radicals.

MITOCHONDRIA

Power House of Cell

Erythrocytes do not contain mitochondria.

Mitochondria also contains specific DNA

MITOCHONDRIA

MITOCHONDRIA

FUNCTIONS Inner mitochondrial

membrane is involved in the production of ATP.

Mitochondrial matrix is the site of metabolic reactions

NUCLEUS

Mature RBC contain no nucleus

Function:

Replication

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