Post on 16-Jul-2020
Strategic management tools and governance structures in urban water services – a research proposal for Mexico
Urban waters: Resource or Risk?WWW YES 200813-16 May 2008. Créteil – France
Ricardo SANDOVAL MINERO 1Michel NAKHLA 2
(1) Thésard, (2) Directeur de Recherches.Centre de Gestion ScientifiqueEcole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris
WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 2
Plan
Stakes and challenges urban centersand populationConcepts, theory, tracks: urban water, institutions, transactions, cognition, management tools and governance
Proposed methodologyExpected results and discussion
WWW YES 2008 Ricardo SANDOVAL 3
Background and context
Federal Government
31 States Federal District(Mexico City)
2438 Municipalities
National WaterCommission
State Water Commissions
Water boards / operators
Basin Organizations
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Stakes and challenges urban centers and population
> 1'000,000 inhab. 11 14.3
100,000 - 1'000,000 112 34.6
15,000 - 100,000 427 13.9
2500 - 15,000 2640 13.7
Number of cities Percentage of total population
[INEGI, 2005]
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Stakes and challenges good news, bad news…
95% coverage of water supply and sewerage in Mexican cities in spite of growth and urbanizationWater-related illnesses under controlStrong technical tradition
Half of surface waters polluted (COD)Less than 40% of wastewater treated; less than 25% BOD removedHalf the population with discontinuous serviceOverall efficiency under 40%
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Stakes and challenges institutional environment’s evolution
Ministry for Urban Development and Ecology (1982)
National Water Commission (1989) + Basin Councils + Private Participation essays
Environment and Natural Resources Ministry (1988)
National Waters Law (1992)Program « APAZU »
“New public management” :Decentralization + privatization + participation
water quality
ecology sustainability
General Direction for the Operation of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems (1971) – Federal Water Supply Committees
Ministry for Human Settlements and Public Works (1976)
Hydraulic Resources Ministry- General Direction for Water Supply and Sewerage (1948)
Urbanization and simultaneous rural outburst + political plurality (local issues)
urbanization
Centrally controlledfrom Mexico City
(1948 – 1983)
Decentralization toMunicipalities
(1983 – 1989)
Modernization(1989 – 2006)
irrigation
[Author’s construction inspired in Pineda-Pablos, 2002]
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Environment
Institutional environment (“rules of the game”)
Concepts, theory, tracks economic framework
Principal
Objectives
Perception
Mandate(perceptionmade explicit)
Task(as perceivedby the agent)
Agent
Information asymmetry, non observability,non verifiability, uncertainty
contracting
monitoringincentivespenalties
auditsdispute resolution
InstitutionalArrangements(way of applying
the rules)
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AG
ENT
Stategovernment
PRIN
CIP
AL
Concepts, theory, tracks urban water, institutions, transactions
Municipalgovernment
Water board
Wateroperator
To provide waterand sanitation
Manage anorganization
By using a setof resources
Under a set ofrestrictions
Performanceand economic
regulation
Federalgovernment
Environmental& resourceregulation
Supervisionand law
enforcement
Citizens & users Pay for theservices
Budgetaryand technical
support
Public healthregulation
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Concepts, theory, tracks institutional environment
[Author’s construction based on Baietti et al., 2006]
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Concepts, theory, tracks institutional characterization
[Author’s construction based on Luis-Manso et al., 2005 and Ménard, 2003]
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Concepts, theory, tracks agency processes and cognition
Nature of task:
Kind of mandate
Clear Confuse a
Simple Complex Simple Complex
Initial interaction Precise specification of mandate Vague declaration of mandate.Responsibility limitations.Definition of means.
Intermediate interaction
State of advancement
Intuitive estimates of advancement
Precise accounts and reports.Evaluation of committed means.
Simplified accounts and reports.Evaluation of committed means.
Final interaction Results evaluation Precise accounts and reports.Eventually, construction of results.
Simplified accounts and reports.Construction of results.
Numerical indicators
Advancement.Results.
Results. Activity
a. Difficult to be made explicit.Source: adapted from Girin (1995).
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Concepts, theory, tracks management tools and governance
Strategic dashboards (tableaux de bord) or scorecards“Enlightened scorecard” - guide agent’s behavior in multi-objective contexts [Jensen, 2001]Incorporate social and environmental objectives of sustainable development [Figge et al., 2002]Incorporate tacit knowledge [Abernethy et al., 2005]Align strategy and operations within water utilities in Latin America [González et al., 2006]; participation enhancement and organizational learning support [Reis Ferreira, 2004]
The implementation of an organizational learning device can contribute to governance improvement within organizations [Bouvier, 2004]
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Concepts, theory, tracks previous developments
[Ferreira, 2004] [González et al., 2006]
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Proposed methodology objectives and methods
Institutional environment evolutionsince municipal reform (1983)Analysis of three instances showing different governance modes or institutional arrangementsDetailed analysis of the role of cognitive and cultural costs, information and coordination in a selected case
Analytical grid –institutional environment and arrangements evolution
Intervention research, implementation of a management tool as a learning device [Moisdon, 2006]
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Proposed methodology field analysis
Baja California, Chihuahua
Public stateCoahuila
Public + mixedQuerétaro
Public state + municipal Distrito Federal
Public + servicecontracts
Quintana RooPublic + concession
MorelosPublic municipal
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Expected results and discussion
An exploration of cognitive and cultural aspects of institutional arrangementsevolution and endurance in Mexican urban water sectorA detailed exploration of the potential role of participatory strategic steering management tools
To incorporate sustainable development issues to long term planningTo improve governance in turbulent environments
A set of policy recommendationsA proposed governance model for medium-sized urban population centers
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rsandova@hotmail.comricardo.sandoval_minero@ensmp.fr
thanksmerci
graciasdanke
obrigadoshokrán
todà
Scholarship holder No. 206198