Step Up To: PsychologyNeuro-Bio

Psychology, Eighth EditionBy David G. Myers

Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

You’re on, Neuron!

It’s all in your head.

That Smarts!

The Systems

Potpourri

1. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called:

• A) axons.• B) glial cells.• C) dendrites.• D) axon terminals.

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2. ___ wrap(s) many axons, insulating them and speeding their impulses. • A) Sodium ions• B) Myelin• C) Glial cells• D) Potassium ions

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3. The brief electrical impulse transmitted along the axon is called the:

• A) action potential.• B) stimulus threshold.• C) electrical cascade.• D) sodium pump.

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4. After neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, many are reabsorbed through a process called:

• A) synaptic transmission.• B) reuptake.• C) all-or-none.• D) reabsorption.

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5. The neurotransmitter ___ is important in memory. Depletion of it is found in those with Alzheimer’s

• A) dopamine• B) GABA• C) serotonin• D) acetylcholine

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6. The device called a(n) ___ provides moment-by-moment images of the brain’s changing activity and is noninvasive.

• A) EEG• B) PET scan• C) MRI• D) fMRI

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7. The ___ receives information from all the senses except smell.

• A) hippocampus• B) amygdala• C) thalamus• D) angular gyrus

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8. The ____ is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for muscle coordination, posture and equilibrium.

• A) corpus callosum• B) reticular formation• C) pons• D) cerebellum

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9. These make up most of the cerebral cortex, and enable learning, memory and integrating information.

• A) reticular formations• B) projection areas• C) association areas• D) temporal lobes

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10. Auditory information is received and processed in the:

• A) somatosensory cortex.• B) temporal lobe.• C) parietal lobe.• D) frontal lobe.

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11. An impaired use of language due to a brain lesion is known as: • A) tomography.• B) aphasia.• C) plasticity.• D) phrenology.

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12. The ability of one part of the brain to take over the function of another in case of injury is called:

• A) plasticity.• B) neurogenesis.• C) brain reintegration.• D) neural net reformation.

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13. After Sam’s stroke, he had difficulty speaking, but could understand what others were saying to him. He likely had damage to: • A) Wernicke’s Area.• B) Broca’s Area.• C) his Thalamus.• D) his parietal lobe.

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14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other people’s speech. It is likely that her cortex was damaged in:

• A) the sensory area.• B) Broca’s area.• C) the angular gyrus.• D) Wernicke’s area.

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15. In a recent car accident, Justin sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce his ability to:

• A) tell an angry face from a happy one.

• B) solve arithmetic problems.• C) speak clearly.• D) process information quickly.

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16. In order for you to experience the pain of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

• A) the limbic system• B) interneurons• C) sensory neurons• D) the reticular formation

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17. When you’re stressed and your heart races, perspiration increases and pupils dilate, the ___ is activated.

• A) somatic nervous system• B) parasympathetic branch• C) sympathetic branch• D) spinal reflex

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18. James touched a hot stove. His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:

• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons.• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.• C) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor

neurons.• D) interneurons, motor neurons, sensory

neurons.

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19. The ____ system is made up of glands which secret ___ into the bloodstream.• A) peripheral nervous; antagonists• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters• C) autonomic; action potentials• D) endocrine; hormones

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20. Curare is a poison people use to paralyze animals when hunting. It is therefore an ____ which inhibits the neurotransmitter ____.

• A) antagonist; acetylcholine• B) agonist; dopamine• C) antagonist; serotonin• D) agonist; GABA

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21. This device is often used to diagnose seizure activity by recording electrical activity of the brain:

• A) brain lesion.• B) EEG.• C) PET scan.• D) MRI.

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22. A person with a “split brain” had surgery to cut the:

• A) frontal lobe.• B) corpus callosum.• C) sensory from the motor strip.• D) cerebellum from the cerebral

cortex.

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23. The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person’s skull indicates the extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a:

• A) neurologist.• B) behavior geneticist.• C) psychoanalyst.• D) phrenologist.

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24: Phineas Gage had extensive damage to his ____ of the brain, effecting his ____.

• A) frontal lobe; personality• B) right hemisphere; speech• C) left temporal lobe; reasoning• D) cerebellum; coordination

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25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it will either fear a mouse or become extremely aggressive.

• A) hippocampus.• B) hypothalamus.• C) amygdala.• D) thalamus.

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Answers

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. D

7. C

8. D

9. C

10. C

11. B

12. A

13. B

14. D

15. A

16. C

17. C

18. A

19. D

20. A

21. B

22. B

23. D

24. A

25. C