Status of the fishery Status of the fishery resources of resources of DanajonDanajon BankBank

First Workshop on the First Workshop on the Formulation of the Formulation of the DanajonDanajon Bank Bank Fisheries Management PlanFisheries Management Plan

28 June 200528 June 2005

Without fisheries management intervention?

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

De

me

rsa

l fi

sh s

tock

s (t

on

s/k

m2

)

Habitat degradation

Illegal fishing Excessive fishing pressure

Destructive fishing

Current trend of demersal stock density decline

0

5

10

15

20

25

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

year

t/km

2

0- 10 m10- 20 m20- 50 m50-100 m

Compilation of demersal stock density estimates based on various trawl surveys in the Philippines from 1948 to 1995

Estimates of demersal stock densities in selected fishing grounds of the Philippines

Cinco & Perez, 199664.21.201994-95Ordoñez et al., 1972100.01.871972Sorsogon BayPura et al., 199752.01.041995-96Armada & Silvestre, 1981100.02.001979-80Carigara BayOchavillo et al., 198942.90.571987-88Villoso & Aprieto, 1983100.01.331978-79Lingayen GulfSoliman & Dioneda, 199712.41.311995-96Cinco et al., 199518.51.961992-93Vakily, 198220.12.131980-81Warfel & Manacop 1950100.010.61947San Miguel BayArmada, 199410.20.471992-93Silvestre et al., 198737.11.711968-72Warfel & Manacop 1950100.04.611949-50Manila Bay

SourceRelative density(% of baseline)

Stockdensity(t/km2)YearArea

With fisheries management intervention?

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Dem

ers

al

fish

sto

cks

(ton

s/km

2)

Restore habitat

Control illegal fishing

Reduce fishing pressure

Eradicate Destructive

fishing

With fisheries management intervention?

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Dem

ers

al

fish

sto

cks

(ton

s/km

2)

Restore habitat

Control illegal fishing

Reduce fishing pressure

Eradicate Destructive

fishing

DanajonDanajon Bank capture Bank capture fisheries profilefisheries profile

And the rest the coastal municipalities of Bohol

Number of fishers and fishing boats in DanajonBank and the rest of Bohol

1008,95210011,68610032,953Grand Total37.93,39556.56,60346.315,260Sub-total

1.65.421.043.31.71565.26083.81,256Mabini1.29.115.628.31.0911.31560.9283Candijay1.73.729.055.20.8704.75503.21,048Anda1.57.916.437.31.41262.22621.8596Guindulman1.411.336.768.50.9772.12501.4466Duero2.415.619.184.82.42192.32683.61,187Jagna2.24.69.129.60.8731.21451.4473G. Hernandez1.426.018.663.61.91711.01221.3418Valencia 1.49.836.765.20.7591.92201.2391Dimiao1.618.76.940.11.81620.5601.1348Lila1.37.326.042.90.9802.42861.4472Loay2.024.416.080.41.41220.7801.2402Alburquerque1.719.114.257.22.42131.41581.9637Baclayon2.111.720.566.63.22864.35025.01,634Dauis1.314.235.266.24.03567.58805.01,655Panglao1.226.421.957.83.73282.32732.2719Tagbilaran1.320.889.6139.60.6542.02331.1363Cortes1.76.015.936.20.7601.41591.1362Maribojoc1.215.838.964.34.23788.09334.71,544Loon1.320.930.567.13.53143.94583.11,006Calape

Rest of Bohol62.15,55743.55,08353.717,693Sub-total

1.947.720.1128.56.96202.22615.11,670Tubigon1.412.021.447.90.9841.31501.0335Clarin1.544.962.4162.97.06297.58746.92,281Inabanga1.519.961.5125.01.81594.249231,000Buenavista1.639.141.2127.77.46646.07006.62,170Getafe1.671.035.7165.516.61,4906.475010.53,476Talibon1.878.370.0264.710.59407.28409.63,176Bien Unido1.99.710.438.34.23803.54064.51,492Ubay1.710.410.736.76.65915.26106.42,093C P. Garcia

Danajon Bank%n%n%n

MBNMBFisher

sMBNMBFishers

Fisher to boat

ratio

Density (count/km coastline)Counts

Municipality

Coastal population

Fishers

Commercial fishing boats

Motorized fishing crafts

Non-motorized fishing crafts

All fishing gears

Gillnets and trammel nets

Hook and lines

Squid jig

Major Fishery resources exploited

AnduhawAnduhaw, , TamarongTamarong, , TulinganTulingan

DanggitDanggit, , BolinaoBolinao, , BaloBalo

LambayLambay, , NokusNokus, , LumayaganLumayagan

Ten most important issues raised by municipal fishers in Bohol Province in 2003

734Ban of certain fishing operations (ex. Trammel nets, sudsud, whale shark fishing, manta fishing, baling, etc.) affects the livelihood of the community

10

761Baling/Sahid operations9

1266Drive-in nets(bahan, sagiwsiw, or dagoydoy)8

20911Increase in the number of boats and fishers competing for limited resources in a limited area7

221111Fishing with noxious substances, (cyanide, tubli, etc)6

22193Blast fishing5

23419Decrease in fish catch attributed to overfishing4

46838Commercial fishing vessels operating inside municipal waters (ex. kubkub, likum)3

501337Spear fishing with compressor2

1371334Trawls and hulbot-hulbot operating in municipal waters1

DanajonBank

Rest of Bohol

TOTAL

Fishing ground

IssuesRank

1

2

3

45

Baseline data for Baseline data for DanajonDanajonBankBank

Information generated by the FISH Project for fishery resources management

Trawl survey (May 2004)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

cont rol 0

cont rol 1

cont rol 2

cont rol 3cont rol 4

0

5

10

15

20

13.3 18.3 23.3 28.3 33.3 38.3

Trawl Station

Actual Trawl Route

Average catch:

Total catch = 4.54 kg/30min of trawling1.33 kg/30min (excluding jellyfishes sea urchins and starfishes)

Planed and actual fishing stations used during the trawl survey

71%

jellyfishes, sea urchins

and starfishes

Estimation of biomass density

Cinco et al., 19951.961992-93

Estimates of demersal stock densities from trawl survey in Danajon Bank compared to some selected fishing grounds of the Philippines

FISH, 20040.452004Danajon BankSoliman & Dioneda, 19971.311995-96

Vakily, 19822.131980-81Warfel & Manacop, 195010.601947San Miguel BayArmada, 19940.471992-93Silvestre et al., 19871.711968-72Warfel & Manacop, 19504.611949-50Manila Bay Ochavillo et al., 19890.571987-88Villoso & Aprieto, 19831.331978-79Lingayen Gulf Pura, et al., 19971.041995-96Armada & Silvestre, 19812.001979-80Carigara Bay

SourceBiomass (mt/km2)YearFishing ground

Estimated demersalbiomass density:

0.45 tons/km2

Top 10 species/group caught during trawl survey

14.016.7Others3.52.3potpotLeiognathus rivulatus100.62.5taroroton, nokosLoligo sp.90.92.9silayScolopsis taeniopterus83.03.6moongApogon sp. 171.53.8tarorotonLoliginidae63.44.2timbunganUpeneus tragula50.36.4sunuganPlatycephalus indicus40.57.3buteteArothron sp.30.37.4banghutinSaurida tumbil2

72.042.9dangay, potpotLeiognathus splendens1% Number% WeightLocal nameSpecies/group

Bottom-set longline survey (June 2004)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0

Catch per unit effort: 4.77 kg/run

Comparison of CPUE of bottom-set longlineused for test fishing in the focal areas.

2008008001,000Number of hooks2.893.633.203.03Standard deviation3.714.877.064.77Average catch per operation

Tawi-TawiBay

LanuzaBay

CoronBay

DanajonBank

Focal area

20.713.4Others0.11.1saguksukAlutera monoceros102.11.2obodMuraenidae95.11.2bakasi, panangitanGymnothorax sp.80.21.3pugawoEpinephelus sexfasciatus79.22.9siwsiwPentapodus setosus61.93.4manilan-onLutjanus chrysotaenia56.83.6obodCongridae44.75.8lagawNemipterus hexodon313.315.5katambakLethrinus lentjan235.750.6bugaongTherapon jarbua1

% Number% WeightLocal nameSpecies#

Top 10 species/group caught during bottom-set longline survey in Danajon

Fish trap survey (June 2004)

Contr ol

0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

13.300 18.300 23.300 28.300 33.300 38.300

Fishpot sites

Catch per unit effort: 1.06 kg/run

Top 10 species/group caught during the fish trap survey

21.521.5Others3.13.1salinggukodPentapodus caninus103.43.4bantolParacentropogon sp.93.53.5tabugokOctopus sp.84.54.5timbunganUpeneus sp.74.74.7silayScolopsis taeniopterus65.75.7gonggongHelotes sexlineatus57.37.3timbunganUpeneus tragula4

11.311.3siwsiwPentapodus setosus314.914.9kubawThalamita sp.220.220.2saguksukMonocanthus chinensis1

%Number%WeightLocal nameSpecies#

Catch and effort monitoring (May to July 2004)

Grid map and catch and effort monitoring points in Danajon Bank

Summary of CPUE from catch and effort monitoring in Danajon Bank (May-July 2004) compared to other FISH Project areas and similar fishing grounds

26.436.613.7palakayaBaby trawl

19.247.63.113.6bintolStationary liftnet

3.45.26.38.32.8panaHandspear

7.44.70.7sudsudScissor net

1.111.211.75.321.69.1buboFish trap

2.110.42.76.7panggal panglambayCrab pot

4.66.112.12.4107.65.4bungsod, towerFish corral

3.61.43.4sapyaw (sa lambay)Crab liftnet

2.05.43.92.31.5ulang-ulang; pangnokosSquid jig

2.53.913.44.35.62.5pasolSimple hook & line

2.219.64.412.53.7bira-bira, undakMultiple handline

7.819.815.69.011.04.5palangre, kitangBottom set longline

13.823.33.84.510.3dumbolSet gillnet w/plunger

12.130.255.911.721.57.4palutaw, paanodDrift gillnet

4.215.74.99.015.7palunod, palugdangBottom set gillnet

1994-199520012004200420042004

San Pedro Bay

San Miguel Bay

Tawi-Tawi Bay

LanuzaBay

CoronBay

DanajonBankLocal name (in Danajon

Bank)Fishing gear

Fishing frequency of all fishing gears

Average CPUE of all fishing gears

Gillnet – fishing frequency

Hook and line – fishing frequency

Danish seine – fishing frequency

Trawl – fishing frequency

Threats to fisheriesThreats to fisheries

Blast fishing

Coral rubbleIntact coral reef

Internal hemorrhage

Cyanide fishing

“An estimated 65 tons of cyanide are sprayed each year on Philippine coral reefs alone” Source: www.coralreef.org/factsheets/cyanide

Cervino et al. 2003.

A field test in the Philippines in 1980 showed that two exposures to cyanide three months apart can completely kill the exposed reef area (Barber, C.V. & V.R. Pratt. 1998)

Fish are approximately one thousand times more Fish are approximately one thousand times more sensitive to cyanide than humans sensitive to cyanide than humans

Effect of cyanide on corals

Coral specimens exposed to 600 mg/l CN-: (a) Acroporamillepora control, (b) A. millepora 24 h after exposure; (c) Heliofungiacontrol, (d) Heliofungia 72 h after exposure; (e) Trachyphillia geoffrio control, (f) T. geoffrio fully bleached 3 weeks after exposure (Cervino et al. 2003).

Effect of cyanide on corals

The relationship between the cyanide dose and mortality or zooxanthellae density in colonies of Pocillopora damicornis12 days after exposure to various cyanide doses. PC = ‘Parent Colony’ controls, HC = ‘Handling Controls’ (http://www.spc.int/coastfish/News/LRF/3/2Jones.html)

2.3413

2.1814

2.5412

2.7711

3.0510

3.399

3.818

4.357

5.086

6.105

7.624

10.163

cm (stretched)Number

pukot panglambay

palunod, patugkad

pang-anduhaw

pukot palaran

pangmangsi

Fine mesh nets among gillnets

Fine mesh

Round haul seine, Lawag

ave. mesh size: #25-28

target: bolinao

4

5.5

7

8.5 baling

kurantay

lawag

sapyaw

0

20

40

60

%

length

gear

balingkurantaylawagsapyaw

69

12

15

18

21

24palundag

patuloy

undak

pasol

lawag

0

10

20

30

40

50

%

length

gear

palundagpatuloyundakpasollawag

bolinao

anduhaw

Other fine mesh nets

Fish corral, Bungsod, tower

ave. mesh size (bunt): #16-20target: pasayan

ave. mesh size: #22-28target: small pelagics

Stationary liftnet, New LookOther fine mesh nets

Otter trawl, Palakaya

ave. mesh size (codend): 1.7 cmtarget species: pasayan

ave. mesh size (codend): <3 cmtarget species: demersal spp.

Danish seine, Liba-liba

Other fine mesh nets

Beach seine, Baling

ave. mesh size (codend): <3 cmtarget species: nearshore, demersal spp.

Pushnet, Sudsud

Other fine mesh nets

0 5 0 10 0 1 50 2 0 0

d y n a mite

s pe a r w ith c o mp res s o r

c rab g illne t

B o tto m s e t g illne t

Dr if t g illne t

s imp le ho o k an d lin e

Han d s p e a r

tra mme l ne t

s ta tio n a ry lif tne t

B o tto m s e t lo ng lin e

Fis h tra p

s e t g illn e t w ith p lun g e r

Dr iv e - in g illne t

En c ir c ling g illne t

Fis h c o r ra l

B a r r ie r ne t

B e a c h s e in e

o tte r tra w l

s c is s o r ne t

f ilte r ne t

d an is h s e in e

P ie ce s p e r k g

Average sizes of danggitexpressed in pieces per kilogram caught bydifferent fishing gears used in Danajon Bank.

Unfriendly fishing gears?

Other fine mesh nets

RingnetRingnet

Baby Baby RingnetRingnet

Baby Trawl

Danish seine

Active and commercial fishing gears

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