Zagazig university

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Animal Wealth Development Department

Session#2:

Starting SPSS

M.Afifi

M.Sc., Biostatistics (Joint Supervision with ISSR, Cairo University)

Ph.D., Candidate (AVC, UPEI, Canada)

E-mail: M.Afifi.edu.zu.eg, Afifi-stat6@hotmail.com

Tel: +201060658185

Good Morning

S P S S

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

SPSS is

A software package (program) used for statistical analysis.

Long produced by SPSS Inc., (Incorporation )it was acquired by IBM in 2009

($ 1.2 billion in cash). The current versions (2014) are officially named IBM

SPSS Statistics.

widely used for statistical analysis in social science, market researchers, health

researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing,

data miners

Why SPSS???

Popular and has been used extensively in medical and biological

researches.

More user-friendly GUI (data analysis presentation) than other

statistical software (e.g., S-Plus, R, SAS) (Drop down menus not

commands!).

Contain all statistical procedures which the researcher is in need

Installation

Check your OS

Installation

Opening SPSS

Double Click on SPSS Icon

Two main SPSS windows

SPSS data editor

Spreadsheet for creating,

editing, and viewing data.

Output window

Opens after completion of the computations.

Results of SPSS operations

(Tables & Graphs)

SPSS data editor

2 Views

Variable

- Characteristic that takes on different values or varies;

- Columns of the data set

Case

- Observation, value taken

by variable

- Rows of a data set.

Data editor has two “views”

Data View Shows actual data values

Variable View Shows variable information for all

variables.

Two tabs at on the bottom of the left hand side switching between

them.

Variables

Cases

3 Variables

Breed

Milk yield

Udder size

Case 1= 1st cow

under study

No. of cases = no. of experimental units e.g. individuals -animals

Data View

Variable View

Variable View

create variable names and define the attributes of each variable.

Name name for each variable.

only of letters, and the underbar (_)

No pure numbers - space - dot .

Type specify type the variable. string or numeric type.

Width space the entries in the Data View will be for this variable.

Decimals decimal places will be shown for this variable in the Data View.

Label give a variable a label or title. makes all output much more readable.

Values specify numerical values for each category of categorical variable.

For example for the variable SEX 1 for Male, 2 for Females .

Missing specify values for a variable indicate missing data.

Columns spaces will be allocated for the variable in the Data View. different

from width in that width limits the number of spaces for the actual number.

Columns limits how many spaces will be visible in the Data View.

Align either left aligns, centers, or right aligns the entries for the variable.

Measure type of variable.

A scale variable is a quantitative variable.

An ordinal variable categorical variable where the categories have a

natural order such as poor, fair, good, better, best.

A nominal variable categorical variable no natural order to the categories,

such as male, female.

Entering and Saving Data

Data entry

Directly into SPSS

.sav file

Excel spreadsheet

(.xls, .xlsx)

SPSS

SPSS Importing functionCut and paste

method

Data in TEXT (.txt) or DATA file(.dat) can also used through Import command

FILE >> OPEN >> DATA then change FILES OF TYPE to TEXT or

DATA, click on:

Practical Example

7.4.4 Example

Consider the comparison of the mean body weights at the time of mating in one

group of ewes which have been flushed (put on a high plane of nutrition for 2–3

weeks prior to mating) and another group which have not. Each ewe in a random

sample of 54 ewes is randomly allocated to the flushed or control group. Table

7.2 shows the weights of two samples of 24 flushed and 30 control ewes.

How many variables in this data set ?

2 Variables:

Ewe Weight (Quantitative)

Group (Qualitative): 0;Flushed, 1;control

Open Data entry.xlxs

Assign values for categorical variable for example

Flushed Control

0 1

1 2

So Open blank SPSS spread sheet >> Click variable view to define variable

Copy and Paste Method

Variable View

Name

Default Var

Ewe

Diet

Decimal (according to values of the variable under the study variable.)

Type

Numeric

String

Label (Optional)

Ewe Body Weight

Values (to code for levels of qualitative variable)

Diet

0 Flushed

1 Control

Value Label Dialogue box:

Type 1 in Value box

Drug A or A in Label box

Click Add button

Continue to enter codes for the 5 drugs using Add repeatedly

Click Ok

Missing (none)

(Formatting Options)

Width (default)

Column (default)

Align (default) (center) is preferable

Measure

Ewe Scale

Diet Nominal

Switch to data View

Enter the values

To enter the data the codes you have made using down or Enter button to pass

through the cases

For Titer variable

Open Excel Sheet

Copy Titer column for each drug

Paste it in the corresponding cases on SPSS

Finally save your SPSS file (sav.)

From File menu: Save or Save as

Importing From SPSS

Open blank SPSS Sheet

File >> Open>> Data

Navigate the folder containing the file you want Data set1 (Data entry)

Change File type to Excel (xls, xlsx, xlsm)

Select IBD titre.xlsx >> Open

Important Notes

If the variable names were in the first row, make sure this box (see blue arrow)

is checked. Otherwise, leave it unchecked.

If your excel file has multiple sheets, use Worksheets to make sure you have the

right one (by default it will usually be right) (Red arrow)

Then Click OK

Bibliographic citations

Popular APA system considered a formal reference or bibliographic citation is

not necessary. And that, SPSS is considered sufficiently well known that only the

version or release number is required.

You can see the precise release number by clicking on Help>About in the menus.

If you need to include a citation, versions produced by SPSS Inc. prior to the IBM acquisition (Versions 18 and earlier)

would be given an origin or publisher of SPSS Inc. in Chicago. Versions released after the acquisition would be given an

origin or publisher of IBM Corp. in Armonk, NY. For example:

SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.

SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

SPSS Inc. Released 2009. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

IBM Corp. Released 2010. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.