State of Indiana Orthophotography and LiDAR

Program

R.N. WilkinsonSpecial thanks to:

Jim SparksJim Stout

Phil Worrall

Indiana’s Statewide GIS Framework Data

Layers

At the edge ofsome great

accomplishments

• IndianaMap Data Sharing Initiative

• Broadband Mapping Program

• Local-Resolution NHD Development

• Orthophotography & LiDAR Program

• IGIC/ISPLS Height Modernization Pilot & the INDOT CORS Network

• The New IndianaMap Viewer R3

Statewide GIS Initiatives

Program History

• 2005 Statewide Imagery Project– DHS Grant was stimulus– Program the result of the IGIC Orthophoto

Workgroup– Primary goal was a one-year statewide acquisition– $8.5 Million cost– Completed in 2006

$1.7 Billion worth of project and operationssupport

2005 Ortho Project Benefits

2011 Indiana Statewide Program

Deliverables -

• Orthophotography– ECW files

• Compressed files

– GeoTiff• Located geographically

– Metadata– Tile Index

• 5000 x 5000 index

• LiDAR– Digital Elevation Models

• DEMs

– LAS files– Hydro Line Work

• Used to hydro flatten water bodies

– Tile Index• 5000 x 5000 index

2011 Indiana Statewide ProgramAdministered through Indiana Office of Technology – State

Geographic Information Officer – Jim SparksBase Products

1’ Pixel Resolution – 4-Band ImageryUSGS-compliant, 1.5 meter post spacing LiDAR Digital Elevation Model

Available Buy-up Options6”-inch Resolution Ortho3”-inch Resolution Ortho1-meter post spacing LiDAR

Definition:A digital (electronic) aerial photograph that

has been modified to remove distortion from the camera & airplane and adjusted to fit the ground surface.

It is a photo that can be used as a MAP.

What is an Orthophotograph?

All imagery All imagery hashasspatial error spatial error duedueto the to the distortingdistortingnature ofnature ofphotography.photography.

&&

Don’t forgetDon’t forgetTerrain Terrain DistortionDistortion

Cameras Distort Images

2002 Orthos with2002 Orthos withold DEMold DEM

2003 Orthos with2003 Orthos withnew DEMnew DEM

Orthophotography has the geometric Orthophotography has the geometric characteristics of a map and the image characteristics of a map and the image qualities of a photograph. qualities of a photograph.

• distance measurementsdistance measurements

• area calculationsarea calculations

• determination of feature shapedetermination of feature shape

• direction calculationsdirection calculations

• determination of coordinates at a locationdetermination of coordinates at a location

• analyze changeanalyze change

Orthophoto Uses

Orthoimagery• Deliverables

– 4-Band 1”=200’ scale seamless orthoimagery

– GeoTIFF format– Enhanced Compression

Wavelet (ECW) format– 5,000 X 5,000 tiles– +/- 5.0 horizontal accuracy– NSSDA Standards– FGDC Metadata

Orthoimagery: Base Resolution 12-inch

Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 6-inch

Orthoimagery: Optional Resolution 3-inch

Indiana LiDAR Program• Capture 1/3 of state/year• Base LiDAR product is:

– LiDAR Point Cloud1.5 Meter Post Spacing1st & Last & Intensity(LAS v12 format)

– Digital Elevation Model5-foot pixel, 5k-foot tiles,hydro-flattened(ERDAS Imagine IMG format)

• Buy-up:– 1-meter LiDAR– Contours

Statewide LiDAR Data Sources

Blue counties (new 2011 -2013 LiDAR capture planned)

Other Counties (recent County LiDAR projects)

Other Areas (recent FEMA LiDAR projects )

All data homogenized into statewide data product / delivery standard

Indiana LiDAR ProgramObjective• New LiDAR data – with many benefits

beyond standard DEM and DTM production, especially when combined with 4-band imagery:– Automatic Feature Extraction– Change Detection– Impervious Surface Analysis– Land Use/Land Cover Extraction– Forestry Analysis– Flood Analysis– Line of Site Analysis

LiDAR

Light Detection and Ranging – laser range finding from an airplane or helicopter.

Builds a “cloud” of X,Y,Z points reflected back to the receiver.

Captures all reflective surfaces (ground, buildings, trees, utility lines). Not water.

Reflectivity can be used to determine type of surface.

LiDAR Cloud Profile of Indy

LiDAR shaded blue to red, oblique view. Arrow shows perspective of next slide.

LiDAR of tree stand, oblique view. Note Cyan dots represent points on the ground. So, about 1/1000 points get to the ground through dense forest.

Definition – Digital Elevation Model

A 3D computerized representation of the variation of relief of the earth’s surface in the form of points of elevation (often supplemented by breaklines depicting severe changes in slope).

Used for:- Rectifying aerial photography.- Calculating ground contours.- 3D modeling of slope and drainage.

DTM

DEM

Uses for LiDAR Data and DEM’s

• Point elevations• Warp correction on imagery• Building outline detection• Forestry production determination• 3d Modeling• 3d Mapping• Change detection on built up areas

Indiana LiDAR Program

LiDAR shaded red to blue elevations. Trees are easily identifiable.

Depth Grids

• Depth of flooding derived from subtracting WSEL and terrain grids

• To be a standard deliverable for FEMA Flood Insurance Study modeling under RiskMAP

• Also a standard input for HAZUS-MH to determine flood loss impacts

Natural color ortho draped over LiDAR cloud, oblique view.

Contours from LiDAR(with Breaklines)

Access to Data

• IU Indiana Spatial Data Portal– Single file download– Multi-file download tool

• Indiana Map• State of Indiana• County Governments• Open Topography website • IGIC Corporate or Institutional Members

– Hard drives available through Phil Worrall

Indiana LiDAR Program

Indiana Map

Internet dependant

A WORK IN PROGRESS

Indiana Maphttp://maps.indiana.edu/layers.html

Through the Layer Gallery

Access

• State of Indiana – GIO office• County Govt –

– Check with local government for availability– Each County got their data delivered on hard

drives.

Introducing the Open Topography Server for Indiana

IndianaStatewide

LiDARData

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

Open Topography ServerClasses of data types available

• LiDAR point cloud data

• Standard digital elevation models (DEMs)

• For LiDAR point cloud data, web-based tools are also available to process these data into custom DEMs.

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

The Open Topography Server for Indiana

Open Topography Server for Indiana

TOOLS in Open Topography

Download and do some REAL COOL THINGS!

Open Topography Server for Indiana Indiana

QUESTIONS?