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UTAH STATE LEGISLATURE 2016 INTERIM
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 1 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
LFA LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
HIGHER EDUCATION HISTORICAL FUNDING, TRENDS, COSTS PER DEGREE
HIGHER EDUCATION
STAFF: SPENCER PRATT I S SU E BR I E F
TheUtahSystemofHigherEducation(USHE)isresponsibleforprovidingpublic,post‐secondaryeducation.Sixuniversitiesandtwocommunitycollegearetheaccredited,credit‐grantinginstitutions.Theinstitutionsawardcertificatesanddegreestostudentswhosuccessfullycompletetherequirementsfortheparticulardegree.
FundingofhighereducationintheStateofUtahrepresentsasignificantportionoftheState’sbudget.TheLegislaturecurrentlyappropriatesapproximately$1.5billionfortheoperationalcostsofthehighereducationinstitutions,inadditiontocapitalcostsandtheUtahEducationNetworkasshowninFigure1.
StateappropriationsforHigherEducation
TotalappropriationsforHigherEducationhaveincreasedfrom$652.9millioninFY1999to$1,492.2millioninFY2015,atotalincreaseof129percent.
Figure 1
StatetaxfundsandtuitionappropriationsforHigherEducation
ThetwomainsourcesofstateappropriationsforHigherEducationincludestatetaxfunds(GeneralandEducationFunds)anddedicatedcredits(tuition).Taxfundsandtuition,overtheperiodfrom1999through2015,coveredanaverageof97.5percentoftotalappropriatedcosts.Thefollowingchartshowsthatstatetaxfundingincreasedfrom
AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 2 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
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$488.1millioninFY1999to$809.7millioninFY2015,anoverallincreaseof66percent.Overthesametimeperiod,tuitionincreasedfrom$164.8millionto$682.5million,anincreaseof314percent.Totalappropriationsfrombothsourcesincreasedfrom$652.9millionto$1,492.2million,atotalincreaseof129percent.
Figure 2
StatetaxfundsandtuitionappropriationsperFTEStudent
OneofthemainreasonsfundinghasgrownathighereducationinstitutionsisincreasedenrollmentofFTEstudents.Studentenrollmenthasaninverserelationshiptothestate’seconomy.Whentheeconomyisgoingwell,andjobsaremoreplentiful,morecollege‐agedpeoplemaychoosetoleavehighereducationandjointheworkforce.Conversely,whentheeconomyturns,peoplemayenrollincollegetoenhancetheirskillsbecausetheymayhaveeitherlosttheirjoborareunabletosuccessfullyfindajob.
SinceFY2002‐03,statefundingperFTEstudenthasshownageneraldownwardtrendwhiletuitionfundinghasshownacorresponding,butinverse,upwardtrend.LookingtotheUtahSystemofHigherEducation(USHE)asawhole,statefundinginFY2002‐03intheamountof$483.8millioncoveredapproximately66.6percentofthecostsforthe104,112full‐timeequivalent(FTE)students.Tuitioncollectedfromthosestudentsamountedto$242.5million,covering33.4percentofthecosts.ThestatefundingdeclinedslightlyinFY2004to63.6percent,whereisheldsteadyuntilFY2009whenthecountryfellintoaprolongedrecessionaryperiod.Overthenextfewyears,throughacombinationofdecreasedstatefunds,increasedenrollments,andincreasedhighereducationcostsperFTEstudent,thestatefundingdeclinedtobelow50percent.InFY2013,thepercentagehitalowpointof48.3percent.DetailedinformationforeachinstitutionandtheUSHEcanbefoundinAppendix1.
BeginninginFY2013,theUSHEexperiencedminordecreasesinenrollments,andstatefundingbegantorebound.FY2015estimateddataindicatesthatstatefundingof$694.1millioncovers51.3percentofthecostsforthe114,791FTEstudents.Thetuitioncollectionsamountto$659.3million,orabout48.7percent.TheseeffectsdifferbetweenUSHEinstitutions,withsomeinstitutionsreceivingahigherpercentageofstatefundingthanothers.TheLegislature
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 3 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
H I S T O R I C A L F UND I N G , T R E N D S , CO S T S P E R DEG R E E
addressedstateparticipationinhighereducationcostsinthepastfewyearswhen“equity”fundingwasprovidedforthoseinstitutionsthatwerethefurthestfromthestatefundinglevelaverage.Forexample,thestatefundingatUtahValleyUniversitywasatalowof37.1percentinFY2010,butbecauseofequityfunding,particularlyinFY2015,thatpercentagehassinceincreasedto48.2percent.ThefollowingtwochartsshowtheoverallstatefundsandtuitionperFTEandthepercentagesplitbetweenstatefundingandtuitionfortheUSHE.
Figure 3
Figure 4
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13 13‐14 14‐15
Utah System of Higher EducationState Funding and Tuition per FTE
State Funds/FTE Student Tuition and Fees/FTE Student
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13 13‐14 14‐15
Utah System of Higher EducationState Funding and Tuition Split
State Funds/FTE Student Tuition and Fees/FTE Student
AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 4 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
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CostsperDegree
Duringthe2014GeneralSession,theHigherEducationAppropriationsSubcommitteeincludedintentlanguagerequiringUSHEinstitutionstoreportonthefollowingitems:
Graduationrates(100,150,and200percent)bycohort,comparedtonationalaverages;
TransferandRetentionrates,bycohort;
Jobplacementrates,byclassificationofinstructionalprogram(CIP);
Costperdegree,withcomparisonstonationalaverages;
Percentageofstudentsenrollingin,andsuccessfullycompleting,developmentalmath,whoimmediatelyorconcurrentlyenrollincollegelevelmath;and
(Forthetworesearchuniversities)Amountofgrantmoneyappliedforandreceivedandthenumberofresearch/outreachinitiativesfundedbynon‐state‐fundedgrants.
Duringthe2015GeneralSession,theStateBoardofRegentsreportedontheseitems.Thereportincludesthecostsofvariousdegrees(Associates,Bachelors,Masters,andDoctorates)ateachUSHEinstitutionfor31generalcategoriesofstudy.Theinformationshowsthecostsbrokendownbystatefundsandtuition.
Ingeneral,thecostofthedegreesgoesupasthelevelincreases,i.e.,DoctoratedegreesaremoreexpensivethatMastersdegrees,whicharemoreexpensivethatBachelor’sdegrees.Alsodegreesatthetworesearchuniversitiesaremoreexpensivethanthoseattheteachinguniversities.The31generalcategoriesincludethefollowing:
Agriculture, Agriculture Operations,
and Related Science
Natural Resources and
Conservation
Architecture and Related Services
Communications, Journalism, and
Related Programs
Computer and Information Sciences
and Support Services
Personal and Culinary Services
Education
Engineering
Engineering Technologies and
Engineering‐Related Fields
Foreign Language, Literatures, and
Linguistics
Family and Consumer
Sciences/Human Sciences
Legal Profession and Studies
English Language and
Literature/Letters
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General
Studies and Humanities
Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Mathematics and Statistics
Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and
Fitness Studies
Philosophy and Religious Studies
Physical Sciences
Science Technologies/Technicians
Psychology
Homeland Security, Law
Enforcement, Firefighting, and
Related Protective Services
Public Administration and Social
Service Professions
Social Sciences
Construction Trades
Mechanical and Repair
Technologies/Technicians
Precision Production
Transportation and Materials
Moving
Visual and Performing Arts
Health Professions and Related
Programs
Business Management, Marketing,
and Related Support Services
(Note: Not all of these disciplines are taught at all of the USHE institutions.)
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 5 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the time period from 2009‐10 to 2013‐14 grew by 9 percent.
Total
Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate
UU 12,061 10,493 16,572 UU 9,356 8,140 12,855 UU 21,417 18,633 29,427
USU 4,843 13,262 14,088 22,175 USU 2,506 6,863 7,291 11,475 USU 7,349 20,125 21,379 33,650
WSU 3,296 8,664 6,759 WSU 2,494 6,557 5,115 WSU 5,790 15,220 11,873
SUU 2,958 7,123 4,634 SUU 2,543 6,123 3,983 SUU 5,501 13,246 8,617
UVU 3,515 7,587 6,286 UVU 2,780 5,999 4,971 UVU 6,295 13,586 11,257
Snow 3,406 Snow 4,416 Snow 7,822
DSU 3,109 7,224 DSU 1,142 2,654 DSU 4,251 9,878
SLCC 2,986 SLCC 2,699 SLCC 5,685
Utah System of Higher Education
Costs per Degree ‐ 2009‐10State Funds Tuition Total
Total
Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate
UU 12,641 10,552 13,519 UU 14,654 12,233 15,672 UU 27,294 22,785 29,190
USU 3,854 12,695 17,431 29,629 USU 2,693 8,869 12,179 20,701 USU 6,547 21,564 29,610 50,329
WSU 2,972 8,191 7,017 WSU 2,954 8,140 6,973 WSU 5,926 16,331 13,990
SUU 3,287 8,016 4,549 SUU 3,662 8,933 5,069 SUU 6,949 16,949 9,617
UVU 4,013 8,630 6,060 UVU 3,778 8,125 5,705 UVU 7,792 16,755 11,765
Snow 3,175 6,350 Snow 4,486 8,972 Snow 7,661 15,322
DSU 4,142 9,292 DSU 2,068 4,641 DSU 6,210 13,932
SLCC 3,352 SLCC 3,114 SLCC 6,466
Utah System of Higher Education
Costs per Degree ‐ 2013‐14State Funds Tuition Total
Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate
UU 4.8% 0.6% ‐18.4% UU 56.6% 50.3% 21.9% UU 27.4% 22.3% ‐0.8%
USU ‐20.4% ‐4.3% 23.7% 33.6% USU 7.4% 29.2% 67.0% 80.4% USU ‐10.9% 7.1% 38.5% 49.6%
WSU ‐9.8% ‐5.5% 3.8% WSU 18.4% 24.1% 36.3% WSU 2.3% 7.3% 17.8%
SUU 11.1% 12.5% ‐1.8% SUU 44.0% 45.9% 27.3% SUU 26.3% 28.0% 11.6%
UVU 14.2% 13.8% ‐3.6% UVU 35.9% 35.4% 14.8% UVU 23.8% 23.3% 4.5%
Snow ‐6.8% Snow 1.6% Snow ‐2.1%
DSU 33.2% 28.6% DSU 81.1% 74.9% DSU 46.1% 41.1%
SLCC 12.2% SLCC 15.4% SLCC 13.7%
Utah System of Higher Education
Changes in Costs per Degree ‐ 2009‐10 to 2013‐14State Funds Tuition Total
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The following charts show each USHE institution’s state funds and tuition costs per degree for the various types of degrees
it awards.
Figure 5
Figure 6
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
University of UtahCost per Degree
State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master State Funds‐Doc. Tuition‐Doc.
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Utah State UniversityCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach
State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master State Funds‐Doc. Tuition‐Doc.
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Figure 7
Figure 8
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Weber State UniversityCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Southern Utah UniversityCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master
AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 8 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
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Figure 9
Figure 10
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Utah Valley UniversityCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach State Funds‐Master Tuition‐Master
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Snow CollegeCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 9 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
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Figure 11
Figure 12
AsexplainedinpreviousIssueBriefs,EducationandGeneralexpendituresfallintothefollowingcategories:
Instruction–Allexpendituresassociatedwithinstructionincludingacademic,vocational,andremedialeducation.
Research–Allexpendituresrelatedtoresearchanddevelopment.
PublicService–Fundingfornon‐instructionalservicesincludingtheCooperativeExtensionatUtahStateUniversity.
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Dixie State UniversityCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc. State Funds‐Bach. Tuition‐Bach
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Salt Lake Community CollegeCost per Degree
State Funds‐Assoc. Tuition‐Assoc.
AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 10 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
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AcademicSupport–Supportservicestomeettheprimarymissionoftheinstitutionssuchaslibraries,museums,computersupportandacademicdeans.
StudentServices–Admissions,registration,counseling,financialaid,careerdevelopment,aswellasthesocialaspectofcollegelifesuchasstudentorganizationsandathletics.
InstitutionalSupport–Expendituresassociatedwithexecutivelevelactivitiessuchasthemanagementoftheinstitution,planningandprogramming,legalservices,fiscaloperations,administrativedataprocessing,spacemanagement,andhumanresourcemanagement.
Scholarships–Expendituresfromrestrictedandunrestrictedfundsintheformofgrantstostudents.
OperationandMaintenance–Expensesassociatedwiththeoperationandmaintenanceofthephysicalplantincludingutilitiesandinsurance.
Transfers–FundingmovedwithintheUtahSystemofHigherEducation.
Theprevious“CostperDegree”sectionwasbasedonjusttheInstructionalcostsofthebudget.Usingthetotalappropriatedcosts,tofactorinthecostsassociatedwithresearch,publicservice,academicsupport,studentservices,institutionalsupport,andoperationsandmaintenance,thecostperdegreeincreasesasshowninthefollowingfigure:
Theseamountsincludeanaverageamountofnon‐instructionalcostsperawardwiththelengthofawardfactoredin.Thecalculationsincludemanyassumptions:
Costsareforaparticulardepartmentorprogram,nottheactualcostofastudent’scourseorstudy–differentcoststructuresareinplace,basedoninstructor,semester,year,andcourseenrollment.
Costswillfluctuatefromsemestertosemester,dependingoninstitution,location,enrollment,andstudenttofacultyratio.
Thecalculationsusethe2012‐13statefunds/tuitionmixforallyearsofthedegree.
Differenttypesofprogramsanddegreesmaybeincludedinthetwo‐digitCIPcodes.
Costsfornon‐completersareincludedandallocatedtocompleters.
DepartmentsthatofferGeneralEducationcourses(i.e.MathandEnglish)tomanymajorswillhavehighdepartmentalcostswithcomparativelyfewcompleters.
Total
Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate Assoc. Bach. Masters Doctorate
UU 26,210 17,435 20,988 UU 29,556 19,661 23,668 UU 55,766 37,096 44,656
USU 12,550 28,380 22,748 27,852 USU 9,088 20,551 16,473 20,169 USU 21,638 48,931 39,221 48,021
WSU 7,598 17,088 11,813 WSU 7,909 17,785 12,295 WSU 15,507 34,873 24,108
SUU 9,445 20,397 11,348 SUU 11,087 23,944 13,322 SUU 20,532 44,341 24,670
UVU 6,184 12,936 9,645 UVU 9,672 20,233 15,085 UVU 15,856 33,169 24,730
Snow 19,495 Snow 9,602 Snow 29,097
DSU 6,806 14,323 DSU 7,374 15,516 DSU 14,180 29,839
SLCC 12,446 SLCC 11,958 SLCC 24,404
Utah System of Higher Education
Costs per Degree ‐ 2012‐13State Funds Tuition Total
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 11 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
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This report also shows comparisons between Utah and the other states in the union in the following areas:
Average Tuition per FTE Student
Average Appropriations (State Support) per FTE Student
Average Total Revenue per FTE Student (assuming that revenues is a proxy for expenditures)
Degrees per 100 FTE Students
Degrees per $100,000 of Educational Expenditures
State and Local Higher Education Support per Capita
(The source for the data for Figures 13 through 18 is the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems
(NCHEMS), a repository of higher education data.)
These comparisons show that Utah’s expenditures per FTE student, comprised of both tuition and state funds, is at the
lower end of the scale, as can be seen in Figures 13 ‐ 15.
Figure 13
Figure 14
$2,084
$2,761
$3,121
$3,760
$3,995
$4,261
$4,317
$4,433
$4,468
$4,568
$4,771
$4,869
$4,929
$4,951
$5,125
$5,256
$5,352
$5,401
$5,419
$5,505
$5,544
$5,885
$6,040
$6,327
$6,518
$6,577
$6,664
$6,685
$6,752
$7,111
$7,216
$7,344
$7,626
$7,709
$7,749
$8,048
$8,115
$8,118
$8,221
$8,400
$8,432
$9,236
$9,857
$9,905
$10,962
$10,971
$12,951
$13,835
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
California
Wyoming
Florida
New M
exico
Nevada
Idaho
North Carolina
Mississippi
Georgia
Louisiana
New York
Utah
Massachusetts
Arkansas
Texas
Washington
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Wisconsin
Montana
Missouri
Kansas
Tennessee
Ken
tucky
Arizona
Oregon
Illinois
Indiana
North Dakota
Minnesota
West Virginia
Ohio
Maryland
Virginia
Connecticut
New
Jersey
Colorado
Iowa
South Dakota
Maine
South Carolina
Pen
nsylvan
ia
New Ham
pshire
Alabam
a
Michigan
Rhode Island
Vermont
Delaw
are
Average Tuition per FTE Student
$2,360
$2,816
$3,022
$3,654
$4,214
$4,314
$4,690
$4,765
$4,779
$4,878
$4,894
$4,939
$5,005
$5,052
$5,171
$5,297
$5,327
$5,335
$5,506
$5,520
$5,530
$5,606
$5,648
$5,673
$5,700
$5,786
$5,798
$6,073
$6,252
$6,514
$6,824
$6,959
$7,004
$7,016
$7,080
$7,192
$7,297
$7,509
$7,512
$7,653
$7,840
$7,888
$8,029
$8,050
$8,454
$8,562
$12,293
$15,561
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
New Ham
pshire
Vermont
Colorado
Pen
nsylvan
ia
Oregon
Ohio
Rhode Island
Michigan
Virginia
South Dakota
South Carolina
Montana
Indiana
Delaw
are
Arizona
Missouri
Minnesota
Iowa
Utah
New
Jersey
West Virginia
Louisiana
Kansas
Alabam
a
Washington
Wisconsin
Florida
Massachusetts
Maine
Mississippi
Ken
tucky
Tennessee
Idaho
Nevada
Oklahoma
Connecticut
Georgia
California
Maryland
Arkansas
Nebraska
North Dakota
New M
exico
Texas
New York
North Carolina
Illinois
Wyoming
Average Higher Education Appropriations per FTE Student
AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM ‐ 12 ‐ OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST
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Figure 15
The number of degrees awarded per 100 FTE students is a recognized measure of higher education efficiency. Utah ranks
near the top of all 50 states in this measure.
Figure 16
$8,919
$9,593
$10,174
$10,375
$10,444
$10,791
$10,841
$10,947
$10,956
$11,002
$11,011
$11,138
$11,205
$11,265
$11,339
$11,533
$11,658
$11,690
$11,731
$11,757
$11,789
$11,930
$12,216
$12,298
$12,409
$12,432
$12,439
$12,639
$12,848
$12,879
$12,890
$13,151
$13,175
$13,225
$13,241
$13,453
$13,568
$14,640
$14,652
$14,927
$14,941
$15,139
$15,320
$15,661
$15,727
$18,284
$18,517
$18,852
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
$20,000
Florida
California
Louisiana
Utah
Montana
Oregon
Missouri
Mississippi
Washington
Massachusetts
Nevada
Colorado
Wisconsin
Idaho
Arizona
Kansas
Ohio
Indiana
Arkansas
Georgia
New M
exico
West Virginia
New Ham
pshire
South Dakota
Virginia
Oklahoma
Minnesota
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Pen
nsylvan
ia
Ken
tucky
Texas
New York
Nebraska
Iowa
New
Jersey
North Dakota
Maine
Alabam
a
Connecticut
Maryland
Vermont
Rhode Island
Michigan
Wyoming
Illinois
Delaw
are
Average Total Revenue per FTE Student15.2 17.2
17.3
17.7
18.1
18.1
18.5
18.5
18.6
18.6
18.7
18.9
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.4
19.4
19.4
19.5
19.5
19.7
19.9
20.1
20.1
20.2
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.2
21.3
21.3
21.4
21.7
22.0
22.1
22.1
22.2
22.2
22.5
22.6
22.9
23.1 24.3
24.7
25.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Alaska
South Dakota
Louisiana
West Virginia
Alabam
a
Arkansas
Georgia
Nebraska
New M
exico
Rhode Island
Ken
tucky
Nevada
Tennessee
Ohio
Montana
Mississippi
North Carolina
North Dakota
Idaho
Indiana
Massachusetts
Colorado
South Carolina
Maine
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Wyoming
Pen
nsylvan
ia
Iowa
Oregon
Michigan
Missouri
Virginia
New York
Delaw
are
New Ham
pshire
Kansas
Oklahoma
Maryland
Arizona
Haw
aii
Texas
Utah
New
Jersey
Vermont
California
Connecticut
Illinois
Washington
Florida
Degrees per 100 FTE Undergraduate Students
OFFICE OF THE LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ANALYST ‐ 13 ‐ AUGUST 1, 2016, 4:25 PM
H I S T O R I C A L F UND I N G , T R E N D S , CO S T S P E R DEG R E E
The number of degrees awarded per $100,000 of educational expenditures is another measure of higher education
efficiency. Utah is the second best in the nation when looking at this criteria.
Figure 17
Utah is right in the middle of the 50 states when looking at state and local Higher Education funding per capita (Some
states utilize local tax support for higher education; Utah does not.)
Figure 18
1.02
1.21
1.30
1.49
1.52
1.54
1.57
1.63
1.69
1.69
1.70
1.70
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.76
1.78
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.83
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.90
1.92
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.19
2.25
2.31
2.36
2.58
2.59 2.82
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Alaska
Connecticut
Delaw
are
Haw
aii
New
York
Wyoming
Vermont
North Carolina
Pen
nsylvania
South Carolina
Illinois
Oregon
California
Nevada
Wisconsin
Marylan
d
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Ohio
Tennessee
Washington
Texas
Nebraska
Rhode Island
Minnesota
Indiana
Alabam
a
Maine
Michigan
Ken
tucky
Colorado
New
Mexico
Iowa
Louisiana
North Dakota
New
Ham
pshire
West Virginia
Mississippi
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Idah
o
Kansas
Virginia
Georgia
Arizona
South Dakota
Montana
Missouri
Utah
Florida
Degrees Awarded per $100,000 of Educational Expenditures$104.35
$132.18
$149.63
$149.75
$157.89
$159.64
$161.93
$167.71
$172.69
$172.79
$172.85
$174.15
$189.31
$197.66
$200.36
$202.02
$210.24
$216.59
$224.80
$232.44
$232.87
$233.22
$234.21
$240.10
$244.04
$244.24
$247.38
$247.76
$248.66
$258.39
$259.17
$262.87
$265.61
$273.87
$275.89
$279.71
$282.54
$290.58
$296.69
$297.03
$300.54
$306.95
$313.07
$354.89
$356.09
$401.18
$407.62
$455.71
$473.43 $6
05.97
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
New Ham
pshire
Colorado
Vermont
Rhode Island
Pen
nsylvan
ia
Missouri
Oregon
Arizona
Montana
Ohio
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Michigan
Florida
Maine
Nevada
Virginia
Idaho
South Dakota
New
Jersey
Wisconsin
Washington
Delaw
are
Indiana
New York
Texas
Utah
Iowa
Illinois
Minnesota
Tennessee
Kansas
West Virginia
Maryland
Oklahoma
Ken
tucky
Louisiana
California
Alabam
a
Georgia
Connecticut
Arkansas
Mississippi
Nebraska
Haw
aii
New M
exico
North Carolina
North Dakota
Alaska
Wyoming
State and Local Higher Education Support per Capita