STARTSTART

The population of high-redshifttype-2 quasars found in deep

Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys

The Formation and Early Evolution of Galaxies, Irsee Workshop, July 1th 2003

Ingo LehmannMPE-Garching, Germany

ContentContent

XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole & Chandra XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole & Chandra Deep Field-South SurveyDeep Field-South Survey

Optical/X-ray properties of the new sourcesOptical/X-ray properties of the new sources

The population of type-2 QuasarsThe population of type-2 Quasars

SummarySummary

CollaborationCollaboration

Maarten Schmidt (Caltech)Günther Hasinger, Gyula Szokoly (MPE)Vincenzo Mainieri, Yas Hashimot (MPE)Jaqueline Bergeron (Institut d‘Astroph. Paris)Piero Rosati (ESO)Andy Fabian (Cambridge, UK)Roberto Della Ceca (Osserv. Astron. di Brera)Steve S. Murray (Cambridge, US)Pat Henry (University of Hawaii)Masayuki Akiyama (Subaru)Xavier Barcons (Santander)

ROSAT All Sky Survey

(NH=5.9 x 1019 cm-2)

Lockman Hole Field

106 sources: 3.810-16 cgs 69 sources: 2.110-15 cgs 34 sources: 3.210-15 cgs

0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV

~100 ksec PN/MOS1+2

Soft/Hard/Ultrahard samples:

CDF-S

HDF-N

12 / 7 sources notdetected in the soft band

XMM-Newton Deep SurveyXMM-Newton Deep Survey

Comparison ROSAT/XMMComparison ROSAT/XMMROSAT HRI-PSPC (0.1-2 keV)

1.3 Msec 100 ksec

XMM EPIC pn/Mos (0.5-10.0 keV)

Flux factor: ~3 (CDFS/HDF-N 1Msec ~ 6 times fainter) (0.5-2.0 keV) Giacconi et al. 2001, Brandt et al. 2001

XMM PN+MOS (PV): 100 ksec

0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV

Hasinger et al. 2001

860 ksec PV+AO1+AO2

0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV

Core sample:213 sources: 1.010-16 cgs173 sources: 2.710-16 cgs 78 sources: 1.010-15 cgs(253 sources in 0.5-10 keV band)

940 ksec exposureACIS-I 64 arcmin2

Smin = 6*10-17

0.3-1.0 keV1.0-2.0 keV2.0-7.0 keV Giacconi et al., 2001Giacconi et al., 2001

GiacconiBergeronBorganiChenGilliGilmozziHasingerLehmannKellermannKewleyNoninoNormanRosatiSchreierSzokolyTozziZheng

Chandra Deep Field-South SurveyChandra Deep Field-South Survey

logN-logSlogN-logS

Rosati et al. 02

Chandra DeepField South(940 ksec)XMM LH 100 ksec

Gilli et al., 2001 models

HDF NorthFluctuations(970 ksec)Miyaji&Griffiths2002

XMM LH 860 ksec

90-100% of the 0.5-2.0 keV XRB

~60% of the 5-10 keV XRB

ROSAT/XMM optical/NIR IDsROSAT/XMM optical/NIR IDs

AGN type1 AGN type2 Cluster/group Star + unidentified

spectroscopylimit

fX/fopt=11

XMM limit

spectroscopylimit

fX/fopt=11

+++

+++

+

+

EROs

Photometric redshiftsPhotometric redshiftsR-K‘>5.0EROs

V RI

z

J H K

H line z=2.42

Lehmann et al. 2001 (L. Pozzetti)

Subaru ICRS*H line z=2.45

(*PI: M. Akiyama, P. Henry)

Optical counterpartsOptical counterparts

type II AGN

GAL (log LX=40.2,soft source)

type II AGN (log LX~43.0)

type II/Gal (log LX~42.0)

Keck LRIS spectra

PI: M. Schmidt

DEIMOS Spectroscopy of the 860 ksecLockman sources

4 masksobservedin March 2003

360 Mbyteper file

DEIMOS – mask

RedCCD

BlueCCD

High-redshift cluster (z=1.13)High-redshift cluster (z=1.13)

KECK VIK

z=2.57

ARC ERO

z=1.13ERO

ERO‘sHigh-z Cluster

Merging? Hasinger et al. 1999Thompson et al. 2001Hashimoto et al. 2002

DEIMOS

LRIS

XMM absorbed AGN spectraXMM absorbed AGN spectra

AGN type II – intrinsic absorption (1021-1024 cm-2)

AGN type I AGN type II Fe II K line

Colour segregationColour segregation

Lehmann et al. (2001)Mainieri et al. (2002)

type-2 AGNshow galaxycolours

Lockman Hole CDF-S

Intrinsicabsorption

Photon index vs. Intrinsic Abs.Photon index vs. Intrinsic Abs.

Mainieri et al. 2002

AGN type IIstronglyabsorbed

Sign for intrinsicabsorptionin severalAGN type I !

74 (98) sources,counts >70

NGC 6240

ROSAT

ROSAT

XMM

/Cha

ndra

XMM

/Cha

ndra

AGN model – absorbed AGN (II)AGN model – absorbed AGN (II)

Starburst galaxy XMM/Chandra reveal AGN

Komossa et al. 2002

VLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sources

153 spectroscopic redshifts (131 high quality)

R<24 sample : 116/155 (~75%)

Type-1 : 57Type-2 : 67Gal : 26Star : 4QSO-2 : 9

CDFS Redshift DistributionCDFS Redshift Distribution

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 1 2 3

Redshift

Nu

mb

er

Most X-ray sources at lower redshift (z<1)

Lockman Hole

Definition of type-2 QuasarsDefinition of type-2 Quasars

• No broad emission lines in the optical/near- infrared spectrum

• Intrinsic absorption with Hydrogen column densities of NH > 1022 cm-2

• Intrinsic X-ray luminosity LX>1044 erg s-1 in the 0.5-2.0 keV or in the 2.0-10.0 keV energy bands

Pre-XMM/Chandra EraPre-XMM/Chandra Era

EMSS field z=0.338 Stocke et al. 1982IRAS 20181-2244 z=0.185 Elizalde, Steiner 1994ROSAT QSO Survey z=2.350 Almaini et al. 1995ASCA Lynx field z=0.900 Ohta et al. 1996Deep ASCA Survey z=0.672 Boyle et al. 1998ASCA LSS field z=0.653 Akiyama et al. 2001

EMSS

z=2.35

Georgantopoulos et al. 1999

No evidence for type-2Quasars !

broad H

Halpern et al. 1999

First high-z type-2 Quasars First high-z type-2 Quasars

Stern et al. 2001

Dawson et al. 2002 Norman et al. 2001

HDF-N* CDF-S

Lynx field

Futher: Crawford et al. 2001, Fabian et al. 2002

Fe K

=0.510.27NH~1024 cm-2

R-Ks=2.5L2-10=10450.5

Radio quietEWK~1keV

CDF-S type-2 QuasarsCDF-S type-2 Quasars

FHWM< 2000 km/s Szokoly et al. 2003

z=2.940

z=2.562 z=3.660

z=3.240

X-ray/optical properties of type-2 QSO

X-ray/optical properties of type-2 QSO

CDF-S

fX/fopt=11 3 magfainter in R

Type-2 Quasar are ~3 mag fainter than type-1 quasar

Fraction of type-2 QSOsFraction of type-2 QSOs

CDFSLockman Hole

~10 % Significant population!!!

Search for low-z type-2 Quasars Search for low-z type-2 Quasars

LX, obs~5 x 1044 erg/s

XMM-Newton MOS1+2/PNXMM-Newton MOS1+2/PN

group orcluster pointing

PI: M.Watson

XX-916-46

Serendipitysource

EPIC-pn spectrumEPIC-pn spectrum

Nh~2 x1022 cm-2

Photon index ~1.6

Black body ~0.12 kT

flux ~3 x 10-13 erg s-1

cm-2 (0.5-10 keV)

First check!

L0.5-10.0=1045 erg/sX-ray bright type-2 Quasar !!!

XMM SSC XID proposalXMM SSC XID proposal

Optical identification of ultrahard X-ray sources Search for X-ray bright type-2 Quasars (z<1)

Sample selection:

• X-ray sources from the XCAT-DB • X-ray flux0.5-4.5 keV > 10-14 erg s-1 cm-2 (XID-band)• Detection likelyhood > 16• HR2 > -0.3, optical counterpart with 3“ in radius• |b| > 30 degree, R < 21.m0

Southern sample consists of 31 objects !

Low-z type-2 Quasar candidatesLow-z type-2 Quasar candidates

SourceSource XID fluxXID flux

[10[10-14-14 cgs] cgs]

HR2HR2 zz LLXID,obsXID,obs

[10[104444 erg/s] erg/s]

3411-0233411-023 9.89.8 -0.08-0.080.130.13 0.320.32 0.480.48

916-046916-046 17.017.0 -0.23-0.230.060.06 0.730.73 5.05.0

1183-811183-81 6.86.8 0.080.080.110.11 0.520.52 0.960.96

1143-1091143-109 6.46.4 0.070.070.140.14 0.670.67 1.61.6

1124-251124-25 8.28.2 -0.16-0.160.060.06 0.430.43 0.790.79

SummarySummary

~90 % of the 2-10 keV X-ray background resolved~90 % of the 2-10 keV X-ray background resolved

Most new XMM sources - ERO‘s (R-K‘> 5.0) Most new XMM sources - ERO‘s (R-K‘> 5.0)

XMM hard sources - type II AGN at z<1, power law spectra with XMM hard sources - type II AGN at z<1, power law spectra with significant intrinsic, absorption.significant intrinsic, absorption.

Significant population of type-2 QuasarsSignificant population of type-2 Quasars

Important to search for low-z type-2 quasarsImportant to search for low-z type-2 quasars

AGN Space DensityAGN Space Density

Miyaji et al., 2000

?

ENDEND

X-ray/Sub-mm CorrelationX-ray/Sub-mm Correlation

Fox et al. 2001

I-band

K-band

LH850.8

HRI

VLA450mJy

AGN type I

NELG

ERO z~0.9

z~0.7

Extremely hard to identify!

LLAGN Luminosity Function!LLAGN Luminosity Function!

z=0

z>2

Galaxies

AGN

HST Galaxies @z>2