Post on 11-Jan-2016
Standard Grade Modern Standard Grade Modern StudiesStudies
Enquiry SkillsEnquiry Skills
- Investigating Questions - Investigating Questions - -
Enquiry Skills - InvestigatingEnquiry Skills - Investigating
When you are investigating a topic youWhen you are investigating a topic youmust be able to:must be able to:
a)a) Decide what you want to find out by Decide what you want to find out by devising a devising a hypothesishypothesis and and aimsaims..
a)a) Decide how you find out that Decide how you find out that information. This is called information. This is called enquiry enquiry methodsmethods or or methods of enquirymethods of enquiry..
Planning An InvestigationPlanning An Investigation
STEP 1 – What Are You InvestigatingSTEP 1 – What Are You Investigating??
You are investigating the issue of housingYou are investigating the issue of housingfor the elderly.for the elderly.
STEP 2 – Turn the Topic Into A QuestionSTEP 2 – Turn the Topic Into A Question
What types of housing are available for the What types of housing are available for the elderly?elderly?
STEP 3 – Turn The Question Into a Statement STEP 3 – Turn The Question Into a Statement
(Hypothesis)(Hypothesis)
The housing needs of the elderly are met in different The housing needs of the elderly are met in different ways (1 mark).ways (1 mark).
Sheltered housing is the most effective way of meeting Sheltered housing is the most effective way of meeting the housing needs of the elderly (2 marks).the housing needs of the elderly (2 marks).
A hypothesis is a statement that can beA hypothesis is a statement that can beproved to be proved to be truetrue or or falsefalse. .
Try to include one of the modern studies Try to include one of the modern studies conceptsconcepts in in your your
hypothesis.hypothesis.
- Need – Power – Equality – Rights – Responsibilities – - Need – Power – Equality – Rights – Responsibilities – - Representation – Ideology - - Representation – Ideology -
Planning An InvestigationPlanning An Investigation
Step 4: Break Down Your InvestigationStep 4: Break Down Your InvestigationInto AimsInto Aims (Questions) (Questions)
You cannot repeat your hypothesis. Always start your You cannot repeat your hypothesis. Always start your aims with:aims with:
To find out…………….To find out……………. IfIfWhatWhatWhenWhenWhereWhereWhyWhyHowHow
Planning An InvestigationPlanning An Investigation
Step 4: Break Down Your InvestigationStep 4: Break Down Your InvestigationInto AimsInto Aims (Key Areas) (Key Areas)
• To find out why housing is problem for To find out why housing is problem for elderly people.elderly people.
• To find out how sheltered housing meets To find out how sheltered housing meets the needs of elderly people.the needs of elderly people.
• To find out why many elderly people live in To find out why many elderly people live in a nursing/residential home.a nursing/residential home.
• To find out how nursing/residential homes To find out how nursing/residential homes meet the needs of elderly people.meet the needs of elderly people.
Planning An InvestigationPlanning An Investigation
Step 5: How Will You Find Out ThisStep 5: How Will You Find Out ThisInformationInformation??
• You must identify You must identify realisticrealistic methods methods of enquiry.of enquiry.
• You must understand You must understand how to usehow to use each method of enquiry.each method of enquiry.
• You must be aware of the You must be aware of the advantagesadvantages and and disadvantagesdisadvantages..
Enquiry MethodsEnquiry Methods
The main enquiry methods are:The main enquiry methods are:
• InternetInternet /Video- Conferencing/Video- Conferencing• InterviewInterview• Writing a letterWriting a letter• Using the libraryUsing the library• Using questionnaires/surveysUsing questionnaires/surveys• Using the media e.g. TV, Using the media e.g. TV,
newspapersnewspapers• A Visit/Structured ObservationA Visit/Structured Observation
How To Use A LetterHow To Use A Letter
• You must find out the name/address of the You must find out the name/address of the person/organisation you are writing to.person/organisation you are writing to.
• You must include your name and address.You must include your name and address.• To find addresses – phonebook, internet.To find addresses – phonebook, internet.• Ask appropriate questionsAsk appropriate questions• Send your letter – post, fax or e-mail.Send your letter – post, fax or e-mail.• Include a SAE – Stamped Addressed Include a SAE – Stamped Addressed
Envelope – better chance of a replyEnvelope – better chance of a reply
Writing a LetterWriting a LetterADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES:
• You can ask specific You can ask specific questions.questions.
• Ask an ‘expert’Ask an ‘expert’• Cheap way of Cheap way of
gathering information.gathering information.• Use it to arrange a Use it to arrange a
visit/interview.visit/interview.
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES::
• Some people/groups Some people/groups don’t respond because don’t respond because they get too many they get too many requests.requests.
• Letter may not reach Letter may not reach the right personthe right person
• Information you get Information you get maybe irrelevant/not maybe irrelevant/not useful.useful.
• May get a reply too May get a reply too latelate
How To Use A LibraryHow To Use A Library
• There are different libraries you can use – There are different libraries you can use – school, local or university.school, local or university.
• Contain many sources of informationContain many sources of information
Books, Journals, Internet,Books, Journals, Internet,
NewspapersNewspapers
• You must observe general library rules.You must observe general library rules.• When gathering information you could When gathering information you could
make notes, copy information, print or make notes, copy information, print or download.download.
Using a LibraryUsing a Library
ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES:
• Wide range of Wide range of sources of sources of information.information.
• Relevant, and up to Relevant, and up to date informationdate information
• Can print out/copy Can print out/copy information very information very cheaplycheaply
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
• Information can be Information can be irrelevant or out of irrelevant or out of date especially in date especially in books.books.
• May have to use May have to use some of the some of the resources in the resources in the library e.g. library e.g. reference books reference books cannot be cannot be borrowed.borrowed.
How To Use the InternetHow To Use the Internet
Appropriate IT equipment – computer Appropriate IT equipment – computer with internet access.with internet access.Use a search engine e.g. Google and Use a search engine e.g. Google and put in key words.put in key words.Use a specific website – then use the Use a specific website – then use the search engine, links to other pages, search engine, links to other pages, contact link to e-mail the organisation.contact link to e-mail the organisation.Use e-mail to contact people and Use e-mail to contact people and organisations.organisations.
InternetInternet
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Quick to access information.Quick to access information.• Information is updated regularly.Information is updated regularly.• Many useful reference websites e.g. Many useful reference websites e.g.
Wikepdia.Wikepdia.• Variety of information e.g. pictures, Variety of information e.g. pictures,
film, text.film, text.
InternetInternet
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Need the appropriate equipment.Need the appropriate equipment.• Can end up with too much information Can end up with too much information
– time consuming to look through it.– time consuming to look through it.• Be aware of who has produced the Be aware of who has produced the
website – a reliable source or just website – a reliable source or just someone’s opinion?someone’s opinion?
How To Use Video-How To Use Video-ConferencingConferencing
Appropriate IT equipment – computer Appropriate IT equipment – computer with video-conferencing equipment.with video-conferencing equipment.
Agree a set time with the Agree a set time with the person/organisation.person/organisation.
Agree on will participate in the video-Agree on will participate in the video-conference.conference.
Video-ConferencingVideo-Conferencing
AdvantagesAdvantages• You could use this as a way of carrying out You could use this as a way of carrying out
an interview.an interview.• Easy way to contact someone who is far Easy way to contact someone who is far
away from you e.g. MP in Parliament.away from you e.g. MP in Parliament.• You can ask questions ‘face to face’You can ask questions ‘face to face’DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Sometimes there can be difficulties with Sometimes there can be difficulties with
the equipment.the equipment.• If speaking to someone in another country, If speaking to someone in another country,
they may not understand your language.they may not understand your language.• People maybe reluctant to participate and People maybe reluctant to participate and
answer questions.answer questions.
How To Carry Out Media How To Carry Out Media InterrogationInterrogation
Watch, read or listen to the Watch, read or listen to the information more than once and note information more than once and note down key headings.down key headings.
Use the headings to make notes.Use the headings to make notes.
Make sure you have the appropriate Make sure you have the appropriate equipment.equipment.
Make sure the information is up-to-Make sure the information is up-to-date.date.
Media InterrogationMedia Interrogation
AdvantagesAdvantages
• The material is cheap and easy to getThe material is cheap and easy to get• TV provides up-to-date information.TV provides up-to-date information.• News programmes are usually not biased.News programmes are usually not biased.• Wide range of Digital TV channels provides Wide range of Digital TV channels provides
a vast range of information.a vast range of information.• Many programmes, articles have links to Many programmes, articles have links to
useful websites.useful websites.
Media InterrogationMedia Interrogation
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Newspapers contain bias.Newspapers contain bias.• DVDs can become out of date quicklyDVDs can become out of date quickly• There may be one view or There may be one view or
interpretation of a story in a interpretation of a story in a programme or article.programme or article.
Attitude SurveysAttitude Surveys
An attitude survey is designed to find out An attitude survey is designed to find out
peoples’ opinions or attitudes towards an peoples’ opinions or attitudes towards an
issue.issue.
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions::
OO pinionpinion
MM otivationotivation
CC lassificationlassification
Attitude SurveysAttitude Surveys
Opinion QuestionsOpinion Questions
Do you think the death penalty should Do you think the death penalty should be be
used in Britain for serious crimes?used in Britain for serious crimes?
YesYes NoNo Don’t Don’t KnowKnow
Attitude SurveysAttitude Surveys
Motivation QuestionsMotivation Questions
Why do you think the death penalty Why do you think the death penalty should be used in Britain? (Tick as many should be used in Britain? (Tick as many as you want)as you want)
Punishment should fit the crimePunishment should fit the crimeOther countries use the death penaltyOther countries use the death penaltyMost people in Britain want the death Most people in Britain want the death
penaltypenaltyIt would deter criminalsIt would deter criminals
Attitude SurveysAttitude Surveys
Classification QuestionsClassification Questions
Which age group do you belong to?Which age group do you belong to?
Under 16Under 16 51-7051-70
17-3017-30 70+70+
31-5031-50
How To Carry Out An Attitude How To Carry Out An Attitude SurveySurvey
The Questions – clear, specific, The Questions – clear, specific, choice of answers.choice of answers.The Sample – 50+ peopleThe Sample – 50+ peopleRecording Your Answers – one sheet Recording Your Answers – one sheet to record or an individual sheetto record or an individual sheetAnalysing your results – easier to do Analysing your results – easier to do if you provide a choice of answers.if you provide a choice of answers.
Attitude SurveysAttitude Surveys
AdvantagesAdvantages• You can get opinions and thoughts on You can get opinions and thoughts on
issuesissues• It is good for personal issues like capital It is good for personal issues like capital
punishmentpunishmentDisadvantagesDisadvantages• You need to make sure the question are You need to make sure the question are
worded appropriatelyworded appropriately• It can be more difficult to analyse answers It can be more difficult to analyse answers
compared with questionnaires.compared with questionnaires.• People often do not fill in surveys or send People often do not fill in surveys or send
them back.them back.
How To Visit A Particular PlaceHow To Visit A Particular Place
You must have a contact person – you You must have a contact person – you would phone/write/e-mail them to would phone/write/e-mail them to arrange a visit and check details.arrange a visit and check details.Consider how you will record what you Consider how you will record what you see – notes, photographs or video.see – notes, photographs or video.You must always ask for permission You must always ask for permission especially when taking especially when taking photographs/videoing a place or photographs/videoing a place or people.people.Afterwards – write up your notes and Afterwards – write up your notes and send a thank you letter to the contact send a thank you letter to the contact personperson
How To Visit A Particular PlaceHow To Visit A Particular Place
AdvantagesAdvantages• Provides a wide range of information – Provides a wide range of information –
written and visual.written and visual.• Could combine a visit with an interviewCould combine a visit with an interview
DisadvantagesDisadvantages• May only be allowed access to certain May only be allowed access to certain
areas.areas.• May have a limited amount of time for May have a limited amount of time for
your visit.your visit.• May not be given permission to take May not be given permission to take
pictures etc.pictures etc.
How To Carry Out An InterviewHow To Carry Out An Interview
Think of Think of relevantrelevant questions which the questions which the person will be able to answer.person will be able to answer.
Ask ‘Ask ‘openopen’ questions rather than a ’ questions rather than a ‘‘closedclosed’ question.’ question.
Think about how you will record your Think about how you will record your answers and check you have answers and check you have permission e.g. take notes, video, permission e.g. take notes, video, audio recording. audio recording.
How To Carry Out An InterviewHow To Carry Out An Interview
AdvantagesAdvantages• Could combine a visit with an interview.Could combine a visit with an interview.• Can ask specific questions that you want Can ask specific questions that you want
to find the answers to.to find the answers to.• Opportunity to ask an ‘expert’Opportunity to ask an ‘expert’DisadvantagesDisadvantages• The person may not directly answer your The person may not directly answer your
questions.questions.• The person might give too much or not The person might give too much or not
enough information.enough information.• They may not be happy for the interview They may not be happy for the interview
to be recorded.to be recorded.