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STAGES of READING DEVELOPMENT`

The Major Qualitative Characteristics and How They Are

Acquired

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Stage 0: “Pseudo Reading”

Preschool(ages 6 months to 6 years)

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Stage 0

Major Qualitative Characteristics and Masteries by End of Stage

Pretend readingRetells story from picturesNames alphabet lettersPrints own namePlays with books, pencils, paper

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Stage 0

• How Acquired

Being read to by someone who responds to child’s interest

Being provided with books, paper, pencils, letters, time

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Stage 0

•Relationship of Reading to Listening

Most can understand children’s picture books and stories read to them

Can understand thousands of the words they hear by age 6, but can read few if any of them

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Stage 1:Initial reading and

decoding

Grade 1 and beginning Grade 2 (ages 6 and 7)

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Stage 1Major Qualitative Characteristics

and Masteries by End of Stage Learns relation between letters and sounds and between

printed and spoken words Able to read simple text containing high-frequency words

and phonically regular words Sounds out new one-syllable words

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Stage 1

•How acquired

Direct instruction and practice in letter-sound relationships

Reading of simple stories using simple phonic patterns and high frequency words

Being read to at a higher level to develop advanced language patterns, new words, and ideas

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Stage 1

•Relationship of Reading to Listening

Child’s reading level is much below the language that is understood when heard

At end of stage, most children understand 6,000 or more words but can read only about 600.

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Stage 2: Confirmation and

Fluency

Grades 2 and 3(ages 7 and 8)

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Stage 2

Major Qualitative Characteristics and Masteries by End of Stage

Reads simple stories with increasing fluency

Learns to consolidate decoding, sight vocabulary, & meaning context to read stories and selections

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Stage 2

How acquired

Direct instruction in advanced decoding skills

Wide reading w/ instructional and independent materials

Being read to at levels above their own to develop language, vocabulary and concepts

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Stage 2

Relationship of Reading to Listening

About 3,000 words can be read

9,000 or more words in listening vocabulary

Listening is still more effective than reading

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Stage 3: Reading for Learning the

New

Grades 4-8(ages 9-13)

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Stage 3:Phase A & B

A. Intermediate, grades 4-6

B. Junior high school, grades 7-9

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Stage 3Major Qualitative Characteristics

and Masteries by End of Stage For the first time, may be responsible for reading

independently to-learn new ideas,

-gain new knowledge, -experience new feelings and attitudes

Generally from one viewpoint

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Stage 3

How Acquired

Reading/studying textbooks, reference works, trade books, newspapers, magazines

Being exposed to unfamiliar vocabulary and syntax Systematic study of words Reacting to text through discussions and writing Reading of more complex fiction, non-fiction, etc.

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Stage 3

Relationship of Reading to Listening

At beginning, listening comprehension is still more effective than reading

By the end, reading and listening are about equal

For good readers, reading is more efficient

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Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints

High school, grades 10-12(ages 15-17)

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Stage 4Major Qualitative Characteristics

and Masteries by End of StageReading widely from a broad range of

complex materials--expository and narrative

Able to deal with multiple viewpoints

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Stage 4

How Acquired

Wide reading and study of science and humanities as well as newspapers and magazines

Systematic study of words and word parts

Formal and creative writing

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Stage 4

Relationship of Reading to Listening

Reading comprehension is better than listening comprehension of difficult material

For poorer readers, listening comprehension may be equal to reading

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Stage 5: Construction and

Reconstruction

College and beyond(age 18+)

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Stage 5Major Qualitative Characteristics

and Masteries by End of StageReading is used for one’s own needs and

purposesServes to integrate one’s knowledge with

that of others to synthesize and create new knowledge

It is rapid and efficient

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Stage 5

How Acquired

Wide reading of ever more difficult materials

Writing papers, tests, essays that call for integration of varied knowledge and points of view

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Stage 5

Relationship of Reading to Listening

Reading is more efficient than listening

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Implications: Stage 3 is necessary for the industrial workplace Stage 4 is an absolute for the informational age Many readers never get beyond Stage 3 and

most reading instruction ends before students are adept at Stage 3 skills

Most remediation is done in Stage 1 and Stage 2 as well as Stage 3A

However, Stage 3A depends so heavily on adequate Stage 1 & 2 skills that decoding and fluency may be more important for older students whose comprehension seems low