Post on 29-May-2018
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Computer Systems
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HDD Form Factors and Interfaces
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Hard Drive Technologies
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Solid State Storage (SSS)y Anonvolatile storage medium that employs integrated
circuits (RAM or flash memory) rather than rotatingmagnetic or optical media. It generally offers very highaccess performance compared to that of rotating
magnetic disks, because it eliminates mechanical seekand rotation time. It includes all form factors,interfaces, and technologies, including flash and RAM.
y Solid State Drive (SSD)Asubset of SSS which uses the same interfaces and form
factor as hard disk drives (HDDs)
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SSD Technologyy
ASolid-State Disk (SSD) is a data storage device that emulates ahard disk drive (HDD)
y NAND Flash SSDs are essentially arrays of flash memory deviceswhich include a controller that electrically and mechanicallyemulate, and are software compatible with magnetic HDDs
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SSD - HDD Technical Comparison
Overvie
w
Price
Seek
Time
Laten
cy
Read
Transfer
WriteT
ransfer
Shock Po
wer
Consum
ption
$199.99 8.9 ms 4.2 ms 85 MB/sec. 85 MB/sec. 65 G 9.9 W
HDD
7200 RPM750 GB
3.5 SATA
SSD
N/A64 GB3.5 SATA
$199.99 8.9 ms 4.2 ms 85 MB/sec. 85 MB/sec. 65 G 9.9 W
$1,769.00 0.1 ms 0.0 ms 60 MB/sec. 45 MB/sec. 1500 G 2.1 W
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SSD - Enterprise Leaders
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Portable Computing
y Driversy Power Savings
y Quicker Boot
y Weight
y Reliability
AppleMacBook Air $1,799 w/ 80 GB HDD
$3,199 w/ 64 GB SSD Lenovo X300
$2,632 w/ 64 GB SSD
Dell Latitude D430 $1,726 w/ 80 GB HDD
$2,506 w/ 64 GB SSD Asus EeePC
$349 w/ 4 GB SSD
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SSD Portable Computing Leaders
Samsungy Gyeonggi-Do, S. Korea
y 42.1% NAND MarketShare
y In-house SSD controllerdevelopment, supplemented
with SiliconMotioncontrollers
y Lowest cost model due tohighest yields, not from themost advanced technology
y Investing heavily in
PCRAM
which showspromise in NVM and SSDapplications
SanDisk
NASDAQ: SNDK
1988,Milpitas, CA
2007 Sales of $3.9 billion
$17 Billion Toshiba JV FabCapEx through 2011
2/3 of 2007 Royaltiesgenerated by Samsung.Royalty renegotiation is on-going
A
ll current SSDs are builtwith Samsung SLC
Forecast of Q1 08 MLCSSD has been pushed out toQ4 08
Toshiba
Tokyo, Japan
27.9% NAND Market Share
Partners with SanDisk onFab development
$16.7 Billion SanDisk JV forFabs 4 and 5, which willquadruple production capacity
To date, Toshiba has soldSanDisk designed NAND. Nowstarting to develop their own
NAND designs
Watch List: Hynix and Seagate
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Flash memory
y is a non-volatile computer storage technology that canbe electrically erased and reprogrammed.
yIt is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives,and solid-state drives for general storage and transferof data between computers and other digital products.
y It is a specific type of EEPROM (electrically-erasableprogrammable read-only memory) that is erased andprogrammed in large blocks; in early flash the entirechip had to be erased at once.
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History of the USB flash drive
y The USB technology Universal Serial Bus was createdin 1996 by seven companiesMicrosoft, Intel, IBM,Compaq, DEC, NEC and Nortel.
y USB flash drive was invented by DovMoran in 1998.
y The first USB flash drivewas commercially introducedin 2000 under the name "Thumbdrive" by TrekTechnology. Its capacity was 8 MB.
y
In 2003 was founded organization USB Flash DriveAlliance. It is group of companies (Corsair Memory,Kingston Technology, Microsoft and others)promoting and providing support to USB flash drives.
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P
arts of a Flash Drivey USB mass storage
controller is a kind of
simple CPU.dy Flash memory -EEPROM
y Crystal oscillator
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Flash drives Featuresy Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz).
y Storage capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB
y has a limited number of uses (write/erases)y and have a 10-year data retention cycle.
y specify a transfer rate with Mbits/s instead ofMBytes/s.
y USB 1.1 devices is 12 Mbits/s (1.5 MBytes/s).
y USB 2.0 devices is 480 Mbits/s (60 MBytes/s)
y USB 3.0 devices is 3200 Mbits/s (400 MBps)
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NAND Demand / Forecast
SSD, %Hand t , %
USB Fla h
Drives, %
Others , %
edia layers ,
%
Flash Cards,
%
NAND Demand Drivers Q1 2008
SS 1%
Handsets 12%
USB Flash es 13%
Othe s 15%Media Playe s 26%Flash Ca ds 33%Total 100%
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TASKy Flash Cards(3 Brands/type)
y Specs(Capacity,Transfer
rates,etc.y Costs
y applications
Assign:
SmallestFlash drive
Most Expensivew/ Largest Capacity
Most Secured
Most sellable